Lecture7 - UCSB Physics
... • Why is the sky is blue and sunsets red? – Interaction between light and atmosphere ...
... • Why is the sky is blue and sunsets red? – Interaction between light and atmosphere ...
Questions - Clever Teach
... knowledge to state that radio waves are not sufficiently affected by the Earth’s atmosphere to require radio telescopes to be placed on a mountain. A good number of candidates used the diagram to identify 1 mm waves as microwaves which would be absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and so gained two ma ...
... knowledge to state that radio waves are not sufficiently affected by the Earth’s atmosphere to require radio telescopes to be placed on a mountain. A good number of candidates used the diagram to identify 1 mm waves as microwaves which would be absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and so gained two ma ...
Things to know: This meant as a guide to what you should know. I
... Be able to recognize in an inertial reference frames. The speed of light is the same for all inertial reference frames. What unusual distortions in time and space are experienced when one moves at speeds near the speed of light? What is gravity in Einstein’s general theory of relativity? What is all ...
... Be able to recognize in an inertial reference frames. The speed of light is the same for all inertial reference frames. What unusual distortions in time and space are experienced when one moves at speeds near the speed of light? What is gravity in Einstein’s general theory of relativity? What is all ...
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China（KITPC） Institute of
... probably not attempt to describe particle states whose volume is smaller than their corresponding Schwarzschild radius. To avoid these difficulties Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson propose a stronger constraint on the IR cutoff 1/L which excludes all states that lie within their Schwarzschild radius. Since the m ...
... probably not attempt to describe particle states whose volume is smaller than their corresponding Schwarzschild radius. To avoid these difficulties Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson propose a stronger constraint on the IR cutoff 1/L which excludes all states that lie within their Schwarzschild radius. Since the m ...
universe
... expansion was slowing down, but now it is speeding up. Using careful measurements of this change in expansion rate, the age of the universe is now known quite precisely to be 13.7±0.13 billion years ...
... expansion was slowing down, but now it is speeding up. Using careful measurements of this change in expansion rate, the age of the universe is now known quite precisely to be 13.7±0.13 billion years ...
The Planck length
... Classical physics tells us that something special happens when galaxies move away from us with the speed of light c. The outward velocity of a galaxy compensates the velocity of its light going towards us. The light cannot reach us. ...
... Classical physics tells us that something special happens when galaxies move away from us with the speed of light c. The outward velocity of a galaxy compensates the velocity of its light going towards us. The light cannot reach us. ...
The Island Universe of Immanuel Kant - EU-HOU
... General relativity which, as we know very well now, is indeed a very “general” theory describing the interplay of space and mass/energy, predicts that the space is being curved by matter. Thus, the light ray is apparently bent in the vicinity of a big mass. Calculations show that to attain a measur ...
... General relativity which, as we know very well now, is indeed a very “general” theory describing the interplay of space and mass/energy, predicts that the space is being curved by matter. Thus, the light ray is apparently bent in the vicinity of a big mass. Calculations show that to attain a measur ...
EMS Notes 1617 - Biloxi Public Schools
... to gather and focus light To study the size, composition, and movement of stars and galaxies They make distant objects appear closer and brighter. To find black holes and map galactic centers Some have been used to monitor radio signals given off by earthquakes To map sources and analyze t ...
... to gather and focus light To study the size, composition, and movement of stars and galaxies They make distant objects appear closer and brighter. To find black holes and map galactic centers Some have been used to monitor radio signals given off by earthquakes To map sources and analyze t ...
GR Cosmology: The Robertson
... a circumference drawn around at that distance would be smaller than 2 and the area at that distance would be less than 4 2 . Ultimately when you reached our ‘antipode’ both shrink to zero, and you have discovered there is only a finite volume to the Universe (at fixed cosmological time – see lat ...
... a circumference drawn around at that distance would be smaller than 2 and the area at that distance would be less than 4 2 . Ultimately when you reached our ‘antipode’ both shrink to zero, and you have discovered there is only a finite volume to the Universe (at fixed cosmological time – see lat ...
Phys 214. Planets and Life
... about three fourths hydrogen and one fourth helium by mass, being a closed match to the overall chemical composition of the universe. This prediction implies that the universe was born only with light elements, such as hydrogen and helium, and traces of lithium. Consequently, the universe was born w ...
... about three fourths hydrogen and one fourth helium by mass, being a closed match to the overall chemical composition of the universe. This prediction implies that the universe was born only with light elements, such as hydrogen and helium, and traces of lithium. Consequently, the universe was born w ...
ASTR 001 Introduction to the Cosmos
... 23. Evidence that the cosmic background radiation really is the remnant of a Big Bang comes from predicting characteristics of remnant radiation from the Big Bang and comparing these predictions with observations. Four of the five statements below are real. Which one is fictitious? A) The cosmic ba ...
... 23. Evidence that the cosmic background radiation really is the remnant of a Big Bang comes from predicting characteristics of remnant radiation from the Big Bang and comparing these predictions with observations. Four of the five statements below are real. Which one is fictitious? A) The cosmic ba ...
A Brief History of History
... was an enormous star. In these processes the first nuclei of helium were formed out of the protons and neutrons that existed. The process was not able to continue for long. The expansion of the universe and its cooling down stopped the nuclear fusion shortly before the third minute of history. By th ...
... was an enormous star. In these processes the first nuclei of helium were formed out of the protons and neutrons that existed. The process was not able to continue for long. The expansion of the universe and its cooling down stopped the nuclear fusion shortly before the third minute of history. By th ...
Pre-lab 12: Galaxies and the Expansion of the Universe So far we
... Pre-lab 12: Galaxies and the Expansion of the Universe So far we have talked about our solar system and the local galactic neighborhood. In the next few labs we will begin discussing the entire universe at a glance. First, let us get an idea of how the individual stars in a typical galaxy are laid o ...
... Pre-lab 12: Galaxies and the Expansion of the Universe So far we have talked about our solar system and the local galactic neighborhood. In the next few labs we will begin discussing the entire universe at a glance. First, let us get an idea of how the individual stars in a typical galaxy are laid o ...
Survey of the Universe
... units.) Reminder – the heaviest particle discovered to date is the top quark with mass 170 GeV or 170 protons. Candidate particles that theoretical astrophysicists talk about: • WIMPZILLA’s – WIMPs are “Weakly Interacting Massive Particles”, a dark matter candidate particle • “Topological defects” – ...
... units.) Reminder – the heaviest particle discovered to date is the top quark with mass 170 GeV or 170 protons. Candidate particles that theoretical astrophysicists talk about: • WIMPZILLA’s – WIMPs are “Weakly Interacting Massive Particles”, a dark matter candidate particle • “Topological defects” – ...
Exploring the Universe with Spectroscopy Lesson Plan
... Earth in the Solar System: The structure and composition of the universe can be learned from studying stars and galaxies and their evolution. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know that the Sun is one of many starts in the Milky way galaxy and that stars may differ in size, temp ...
... Earth in the Solar System: The structure and composition of the universe can be learned from studying stars and galaxies and their evolution. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know that the Sun is one of many starts in the Milky way galaxy and that stars may differ in size, temp ...
CERCA - LIGO
... The fluctuation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background White dwarf and neutron radiation. A strong background of ...
... The fluctuation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background White dwarf and neutron radiation. A strong background of ...
Big Bang Theory - Clark Planetarium
... • With most electrons now bound in atoms, photons can travel large distances without being scattered by free electrons. Photons now travel in all directions, resulting in what is called the cosmic background radiation. ...
... • With most electrons now bound in atoms, photons can travel large distances without being scattered by free electrons. Photons now travel in all directions, resulting in what is called the cosmic background radiation. ...
Section 19.3
... The Big Bang theory says the universe began as a huge explosion between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago. According to this theory, all matter and energy started in a space smaller than the nucleus of an atom. ...
... The Big Bang theory says the universe began as a huge explosion between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago. According to this theory, all matter and energy started in a space smaller than the nucleus of an atom. ...
The Transport of Cosmic Rays
... cosmic rays and the consequent change in magnetic-field magnitude produces either bi-directional field-alligned or pancake anisotropies. • Whether the anisotropy is field-aligned or pancake depends on whether the field increases or decreases. • These anisotropies are consistent with recent prelimina ...
... cosmic rays and the consequent change in magnetic-field magnitude produces either bi-directional field-alligned or pancake anisotropies. • Whether the anisotropy is field-aligned or pancake depends on whether the field increases or decreases. • These anisotropies are consistent with recent prelimina ...
Thermodynamics Essay Research Paper The Second Law
... some heat is always wasted when converting heat into mechanical energy. In other words all heat can not be completely converted into mechanical energy. Another states that heat normally flows from high to low temperatures. So why do hot cups cool off, well the answer lies in the fact that the univer ...
... some heat is always wasted when converting heat into mechanical energy. In other words all heat can not be completely converted into mechanical energy. Another states that heat normally flows from high to low temperatures. So why do hot cups cool off, well the answer lies in the fact that the univer ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.