Inflation
... • Big bang nucleosythesis (BBN) at t ∼ 102 s. As the temperature drops below MeV isotopes of light nuclei (hydrogen, helium, lithium,...) are formed from protons and neutrons. Theoretical predictions and observations are in excellent agreement about the primordial abundances (75% hydrogen, 25% heli ...
... • Big bang nucleosythesis (BBN) at t ∼ 102 s. As the temperature drops below MeV isotopes of light nuclei (hydrogen, helium, lithium,...) are formed from protons and neutrons. Theoretical predictions and observations are in excellent agreement about the primordial abundances (75% hydrogen, 25% heli ...
highen_13_gravwaves - Mullard Space Science Laboratory
... • The pulsar in the binary pulsar enabled accurate determination of the orbital parameters, but this is not the most extreme binary system in the galaxy. • There are now (at least) 3 ultracompact binaries known, in which both stars are white dwarfs in which the orbital period is less than 10 minutes ...
... • The pulsar in the binary pulsar enabled accurate determination of the orbital parameters, but this is not the most extreme binary system in the galaxy. • There are now (at least) 3 ultracompact binaries known, in which both stars are white dwarfs in which the orbital period is less than 10 minutes ...
Status of the search for Gravitational Waves
... The history of Astronomy: new bands of the EM spectrum opened → major discoveries! GWs aren’t just a new band, they’re a new spectrum, with very different and complementary properties to EM waves. • Vibrations of space-time, not in space-time • Emitted by coherent motion of huge masses moving at nea ...
... The history of Astronomy: new bands of the EM spectrum opened → major discoveries! GWs aren’t just a new band, they’re a new spectrum, with very different and complementary properties to EM waves. • Vibrations of space-time, not in space-time • Emitted by coherent motion of huge masses moving at nea ...
The Origin of Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry Ning Bao Prashant Saraswat
... momentum of a particle in χ space Consider a potential with flat directions: ...
... momentum of a particle in χ space Consider a potential with flat directions: ...
Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies
... universe, contrary to Academia’s long-held view, is not expanding. Furthermore, the new-cosmology argument includes incontrovertible proof that our Cosmos is intrinsically cellularly structured, contrary to the view of mere phenomenological cellularity. A remarkable 2009 paper [6] entitled, “The Sto ...
... universe, contrary to Academia’s long-held view, is not expanding. Furthermore, the new-cosmology argument includes incontrovertible proof that our Cosmos is intrinsically cellularly structured, contrary to the view of mere phenomenological cellularity. A remarkable 2009 paper [6] entitled, “The Sto ...
Time After Time — Big Bang Cosmology and the Arrows
... that doesn’t turn back but moves us from birth to death. The psychological arrow is related to a computational arrow, if cognitive processes are computational – at least partly (omitting issues of phenomenal content aka qualia here). The causal arrow of time: effects never precede their causes, and ...
... that doesn’t turn back but moves us from birth to death. The psychological arrow is related to a computational arrow, if cognitive processes are computational – at least partly (omitting issues of phenomenal content aka qualia here). The causal arrow of time: effects never precede their causes, and ...
the book - The Well Balanced Universe
... there is still a chance that an object might, for example, receive slightly more energy than it emits, for a brief moment. If this happens, then in that instance, its particles will be slightly more likely to emit than to receive energy, because their energy level will be marginally higher than the ...
... there is still a chance that an object might, for example, receive slightly more energy than it emits, for a brief moment. If this happens, then in that instance, its particles will be slightly more likely to emit than to receive energy, because their energy level will be marginally higher than the ...
The universe as a whole would have continued expanding and
... what one would expect to find in the light emitted by an object that is glowing red hot. This means that we can tell a star's temperature from the spectrum of its light. Moreover, we find that certain very specific colors are missing from stars’ spectra, and these missing colors may vary from star ...
... what one would expect to find in the light emitted by an object that is glowing red hot. This means that we can tell a star's temperature from the spectrum of its light. Moreover, we find that certain very specific colors are missing from stars’ spectra, and these missing colors may vary from star ...
... (Very Large Baseline Interferometry) require very sensitive receivers. When the technology limits are reached then the receiver operation under cryogenic conditions emerges as a solution to reduce the receiver noise and thus to increase its sensitivity. This dissertation deals with the cryogenic tec ...
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... As you read, make a flowchart that shows the stages in the life of a star like the sun. Write each step of the process in a separate box in the flowchart in the order that it occurs. Life Cycle of a Sun-Like Star Protostar forms from a nebula. ...
... As you read, make a flowchart that shows the stages in the life of a star like the sun. Write each step of the process in a separate box in the flowchart in the order that it occurs. Life Cycle of a Sun-Like Star Protostar forms from a nebula. ...
script
... us than the light from objects nearby. When the light left distant galaxies many billions of years ago, it “recorded” information about what those galaxies looked like many billions of years ago. Many billions of years ago, the universe had not yet had time to evolve into the galaxies that we observ ...
... us than the light from objects nearby. When the light left distant galaxies many billions of years ago, it “recorded” information about what those galaxies looked like many billions of years ago. Many billions of years ago, the universe had not yet had time to evolve into the galaxies that we observ ...
"Galaxies and the Universe" Lesson Outline answers
... 2. The force that holds stars and galaxies together is gravity. a. Most matter in galaxies is dark matter, which emits no light at any wavelength. b. More than 90 percent of the universe’s mass is thought to be dark matter, but scientists do not know what type of material it contains. ...
... 2. The force that holds stars and galaxies together is gravity. a. Most matter in galaxies is dark matter, which emits no light at any wavelength. b. More than 90 percent of the universe’s mass is thought to be dark matter, but scientists do not know what type of material it contains. ...
lesson plan document only
... iv. A “Stuff in Space” Quiz will be given based on the details of the pamphlets. The students should study the contents of each pamphlet. b. Hand out the “Stuff in Space” pamphlet details. i. Go over the details of the project as outlined on the handout: “Stuff in Space” Pamphlet Details. ii. Note: ...
... iv. A “Stuff in Space” Quiz will be given based on the details of the pamphlets. The students should study the contents of each pamphlet. b. Hand out the “Stuff in Space” pamphlet details. i. Go over the details of the project as outlined on the handout: “Stuff in Space” Pamphlet Details. ii. Note: ...
The Static Universe of Walther Nernst
... can be seen as one of the most notable opponents of the hyper-evolutionism that characterizes science in our century. This places him in a prominent position in the history of the struggle for a scientific world picture. The claim of a stationary Universe suggests, at least on the surface, a conflic ...
... can be seen as one of the most notable opponents of the hyper-evolutionism that characterizes science in our century. This places him in a prominent position in the history of the struggle for a scientific world picture. The claim of a stationary Universe suggests, at least on the surface, a conflic ...
Extragalactic Background Light Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics eaa.iop.org Rebecca A Bernstein
... flux from all extragalactic sources, including those which are not individually detected. In keeping with the COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE—that the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to a typical observer—the EBL is expected to have a uniform mean level on large angular scales over the sky. ...
... flux from all extragalactic sources, including those which are not individually detected. In keeping with the COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE—that the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to a typical observer—the EBL is expected to have a uniform mean level on large angular scales over the sky. ...
P1 topic 3 - WordPress.com
... (ii) Large telescopes which collect visible light to explore the Universe are usually placed near the tops of mountains. Suggest why radio telescopes do not have to be placed high up a mountain. ...
... (ii) Large telescopes which collect visible light to explore the Universe are usually placed near the tops of mountains. Suggest why radio telescopes do not have to be placed high up a mountain. ...
Our galaxy is the centre of the universe
... indistinguishable if σ were significantly larger than the spacing between shells, δ r. Even if σr were zero, the groups would be indistinguishable if σθ were greater than δ r. Figure 8 illustrates this smearing. It shows a computer simulation of distance groups, first seen from the exact centre, and ...
... indistinguishable if σ were significantly larger than the spacing between shells, δ r. Even if σr were zero, the groups would be indistinguishable if σθ were greater than δ r. Figure 8 illustrates this smearing. It shows a computer simulation of distance groups, first seen from the exact centre, and ...
Our galaxy is the centre of the universe, `quantized` red shifts show
... the trend line would be caused not by expansion, but by other phenomena, such as the Doppler effect. For example, galaxy M31 in Andromeda appears to be moving toward our galaxy with a ‘local’ velocity of about 100 km/s,8 producing a Doppler blue shift larger than the small expansion redshift we woul ...
... the trend line would be caused not by expansion, but by other phenomena, such as the Doppler effect. For example, galaxy M31 in Andromeda appears to be moving toward our galaxy with a ‘local’ velocity of about 100 km/s,8 producing a Doppler blue shift larger than the small expansion redshift we woul ...
CMB Angular Power Spectra and Cosmological BOOMERANG Telescope
... and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Backgound (CMB). The CMB is a field of electromagnetic radiation that is cosmic in origin, that is originating from the Universe itself. It radiates in the microwave, ranging from 0.3 GHz to 630 GHz, with a near perfect blackbody spectrum which p ...
... and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Backgound (CMB). The CMB is a field of electromagnetic radiation that is cosmic in origin, that is originating from the Universe itself. It radiates in the microwave, ranging from 0.3 GHz to 630 GHz, with a near perfect blackbody spectrum which p ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.