A Variation of C4 Leaf Anatomy in Arundinella hirta
... C4 syndrome and of the role of translocation in the functioning of the C4 system. It may also be possible to learn more about the differentiation of the leaf anatomy that is characteristic of C4 plants by studying this interesting species. Acknowledgments-The authors are grateful to J. R. Stander fo ...
... C4 syndrome and of the role of translocation in the functioning of the C4 system. It may also be possible to learn more about the differentiation of the leaf anatomy that is characteristic of C4 plants by studying this interesting species. Acknowledgments-The authors are grateful to J. R. Stander fo ...
A Gene Required for the Separation of Chromosomes on the Spindle Apparatus in Yeast.
... parent cell; second, the continuation (in the nucleated daughter) of the cell cycle through additional rounds of budding despite the defect in nuclear division. Doubling of Ploidy by ndcl-7 To test the first prediction, haploid n&l-l cells grown at 30% were shifted to 13% for 18 hr (about 1.5 genera ...
... parent cell; second, the continuation (in the nucleated daughter) of the cell cycle through additional rounds of budding despite the defect in nuclear division. Doubling of Ploidy by ndcl-7 To test the first prediction, haploid n&l-l cells grown at 30% were shifted to 13% for 18 hr (about 1.5 genera ...
New Views on the Plant Cytoskeleton
... functions. Integrating this new knowledge is reflected by a large volume of recent reviews (Kost and Chua, 2002; Mathur and Hulskamp, 2002; Wasteneys, 2002, 2004; Deeks and Hussey, 2003; Hashimoto, 2003; Smith, 2003; Wasteneys and Galway, 2003; Gu et al., 2004; Lloyd and Chan, 2004; Sedbrook, 2004), ...
... functions. Integrating this new knowledge is reflected by a large volume of recent reviews (Kost and Chua, 2002; Mathur and Hulskamp, 2002; Wasteneys, 2002, 2004; Deeks and Hussey, 2003; Hashimoto, 2003; Smith, 2003; Wasteneys and Galway, 2003; Gu et al., 2004; Lloyd and Chan, 2004; Sedbrook, 2004), ...
S tem cells and cardiac disorders: an appraisal
... alleles of MEF2c, cardiomyocyte differentiation was disrupted, the ventricle failed to form and a subset of cardiac muscle genes (including ANF) were not expressed [15]. While these cardiac transcription factors have been the focus of much research, the mechanism by which these critical transcriptio ...
... alleles of MEF2c, cardiomyocyte differentiation was disrupted, the ventricle failed to form and a subset of cardiac muscle genes (including ANF) were not expressed [15]. While these cardiac transcription factors have been the focus of much research, the mechanism by which these critical transcriptio ...
Cork Cambium
... • Secondary Xylem is full of lignin, a rigid molecule in the cell wall of secondary xylem, which adds considerable strength to the cellulose backbone of cell walls. • Lignin constitutes up to 25% of dry weight of wood and is the second most common organic compound on Earth, cellulose being the firs ...
... • Secondary Xylem is full of lignin, a rigid molecule in the cell wall of secondary xylem, which adds considerable strength to the cellulose backbone of cell walls. • Lignin constitutes up to 25% of dry weight of wood and is the second most common organic compound on Earth, cellulose being the firs ...
Betulinic Acid-induced Programmed Cell Death in
... component of the bark of the white birch tree, and this can readily be converted to betulinic acid (2, 3). Subsequent studies revealed that cytotoxic responses can be mediated with other cell types (4 – 8), but a key observation remains the significant antitumor response with human melanoma carried ...
... component of the bark of the white birch tree, and this can readily be converted to betulinic acid (2, 3). Subsequent studies revealed that cytotoxic responses can be mediated with other cell types (4 – 8), but a key observation remains the significant antitumor response with human melanoma carried ...
Lysis by Agents of Microbial Origin
... material. No doubt, other agents, formerly believed to be inducers of autolysis, will be found to act in this much more direct way. Meadow & Work (1956), Meadow, Hoare & Work (1957) and Rhuland (1957) have reported that Escherichia coli strain 173-25, a mutant requiring a,€-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) ...
... material. No doubt, other agents, formerly believed to be inducers of autolysis, will be found to act in this much more direct way. Meadow & Work (1956), Meadow, Hoare & Work (1957) and Rhuland (1957) have reported that Escherichia coli strain 173-25, a mutant requiring a,€-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) ...
Promotion of cardiovascular disease by exposure to the air pollutant
... physiological function, enhanced gene expression of proinflammatory enzymes, elevated indices of oxidative injury, oxidant-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA, impairment of antioxidant defenses in mitochondria, and, in the apoE⫺/⫺ mice, an acceleration of atherogenesis. As for all high impact obser ...
... physiological function, enhanced gene expression of proinflammatory enzymes, elevated indices of oxidative injury, oxidant-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA, impairment of antioxidant defenses in mitochondria, and, in the apoE⫺/⫺ mice, an acceleration of atherogenesis. As for all high impact obser ...
Role of bilateral zones of ingressing superficial cells
... When the surface of the archenteron is viewed, the notochordal anlagen can be distinguished readily from endodermal cells in LM by virtue of their darker pigment (not pictured) and in SEM (Fig. 4A,B) by virtue of the smaller size of the cells. As notochord formation occurs, this area narrows, elonga ...
... When the surface of the archenteron is viewed, the notochordal anlagen can be distinguished readily from endodermal cells in LM by virtue of their darker pigment (not pictured) and in SEM (Fig. 4A,B) by virtue of the smaller size of the cells. As notochord formation occurs, this area narrows, elonga ...
Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical
... properties. To investigate the role of individual cytoskeletal polymers in the deformation response of a cell to an external force (stress), we created two structural models – a thick shell model for the actin cortex, and a three-layered model for the whole cell. These structural models for a cell a ...
... properties. To investigate the role of individual cytoskeletal polymers in the deformation response of a cell to an external force (stress), we created two structural models – a thick shell model for the actin cortex, and a three-layered model for the whole cell. These structural models for a cell a ...
Identification of Cancer Stem Cells by Hoechst 33342 Dye Staining
... including those encoded by the multidrug-resistant (MDR) gene 1, the MDR protein (MRP), and the breast cancer-resistant protein 1 (BCRP1), contribute to drug resistance in many cancers by pumping the drugs out of the cell (54). These transporters are also expressed by many kinds of stem cell. BCRP1, ...
... including those encoded by the multidrug-resistant (MDR) gene 1, the MDR protein (MRP), and the breast cancer-resistant protein 1 (BCRP1), contribute to drug resistance in many cancers by pumping the drugs out of the cell (54). These transporters are also expressed by many kinds of stem cell. BCRP1, ...
Chapter 28b
... interna and theca externa assures that everything theca interna - vascular internal layer; consists of from the bloodstream must secretory cells pass through the corona cells to get to the oocyte theca externa - outer connective tissue layer ...
... interna and theca externa assures that everything theca interna - vascular internal layer; consists of from the bloodstream must secretory cells pass through the corona cells to get to the oocyte theca externa - outer connective tissue layer ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... Cellular clocks: circadian rhythms in primary human fibroblasts Almost 300 years ago, a French astronomer made the observation that daily leaf movement continues even when a plant is kept in constant darkness (De Mairan 1729). These so-called circadian rhythms exist at all levels of biology, ranging ...
... Cellular clocks: circadian rhythms in primary human fibroblasts Almost 300 years ago, a French astronomer made the observation that daily leaf movement continues even when a plant is kept in constant darkness (De Mairan 1729). These so-called circadian rhythms exist at all levels of biology, ranging ...
Single Cell Electrical Characterization Techniques
... Received: 16 February 2015 / Accepted: 13 April 2015 / Published: 4 June 2015 ...
... Received: 16 February 2015 / Accepted: 13 April 2015 / Published: 4 June 2015 ...
Daratumumab-mediated lysis of primary multiple
... Since the signals transmitted by inhibitory KIRs may prevent NK cell-mediated ADCC, even in the presence of an activating receptor-ligand interaction,12 we set out to test the possibility of improving DARA efficacy by blocking inhibitory KIRs. IPH2102 (formerly 1-7F9 and IPH2101) is a hinge-stabiliz ...
... Since the signals transmitted by inhibitory KIRs may prevent NK cell-mediated ADCC, even in the presence of an activating receptor-ligand interaction,12 we set out to test the possibility of improving DARA efficacy by blocking inhibitory KIRs. IPH2102 (formerly 1-7F9 and IPH2101) is a hinge-stabiliz ...
Active Transport
... transporters can also transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose. These three types of carrier proteins are also found in facilitated diusion,+but+they do not require ATP to work in that process. Some examples of pumps for active transport are Na -K ATPase, which carries sodium and p ...
... transporters can also transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose. These three types of carrier proteins are also found in facilitated diusion,+but+they do not require ATP to work in that process. Some examples of pumps for active transport are Na -K ATPase, which carries sodium and p ...
Chapter 6
... Roles of the Cytoskeleton: Support, Motility, and Regulation • The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell and maintain its shape • It interacts with motor proteins to produce motility • Inside the cell, vesicles can travel along “monorails” provided by the cytoskeleton • Recent evidence suggests th ...
... Roles of the Cytoskeleton: Support, Motility, and Regulation • The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell and maintain its shape • It interacts with motor proteins to produce motility • Inside the cell, vesicles can travel along “monorails” provided by the cytoskeleton • Recent evidence suggests th ...
Saito et al, 2009 - The EMBO Journal
... dynamin (Galletta and Cooper, 2009). Dynamin and actin are very different proteins and it is hard to imagine how they can replace each other’s function. Nevertheless, these proteins are important for fission of clathrin-coated vesicles. Since neither dynamin nor actin is required for COPII vesicle b ...
... dynamin (Galletta and Cooper, 2009). Dynamin and actin are very different proteins and it is hard to imagine how they can replace each other’s function. Nevertheless, these proteins are important for fission of clathrin-coated vesicles. Since neither dynamin nor actin is required for COPII vesicle b ...
Leukaemia Section T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a distinct entity of aggressive lymphoma, recognized by the WHO classification as a separate entity (2008), in which few scattered neoplastic cells (usually <5%) are surrounded by reactive T-lymphocytes and histiocytes. THRLBCL shares several ...
... T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a distinct entity of aggressive lymphoma, recognized by the WHO classification as a separate entity (2008), in which few scattered neoplastic cells (usually <5%) are surrounded by reactive T-lymphocytes and histiocytes. THRLBCL shares several ...
Integument
... whose nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles are gone. The bundles of tonofilaments have dispersed and the cells are now packed with keratin composed of individual tonofilaments embedded in a matrix contributed by the keratohyalin granules. NOTE: There is no example of lucidum since these micrographs ar ...
... whose nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles are gone. The bundles of tonofilaments have dispersed and the cells are now packed with keratin composed of individual tonofilaments embedded in a matrix contributed by the keratohyalin granules. NOTE: There is no example of lucidum since these micrographs ar ...
Biochemical and Microscopic Evidence for the
... granule is released into extracellular fluid, whereas two neutral proteases and heparin proteoglycans form the extracellular granule remnants. These structures are negatively charged and bind with high affinity LDL and other basic molecules. In this study we show that granule remnants expelled into ...
... granule is released into extracellular fluid, whereas two neutral proteases and heparin proteoglycans form the extracellular granule remnants. These structures are negatively charged and bind with high affinity LDL and other basic molecules. In this study we show that granule remnants expelled into ...
Review Article Oncogene: The Dominant Evil
... oxygen species (ROS). These ROS have roles in mediating cell proliferation, genomic instability, cell motility and angiogenesis and thus can contribute to tumorigenesis, but also can induce cell cycle arrest, senescence and cell death and thus attenuate tumor growth14 ...
... oxygen species (ROS). These ROS have roles in mediating cell proliferation, genomic instability, cell motility and angiogenesis and thus can contribute to tumorigenesis, but also can induce cell cycle arrest, senescence and cell death and thus attenuate tumor growth14 ...
Is the shoot a root with a view? Philip N Benfey
... by positional information and that the core function of both meristems is to maintain an undifferentiated population of cells from which new tissues can be formed. Future work should include determining how many other conserved gene cassettes act in both shoot and root. A central focus should be on ...
... by positional information and that the core function of both meristems is to maintain an undifferentiated population of cells from which new tissues can be formed. Future work should include determining how many other conserved gene cassettes act in both shoot and root. A central focus should be on ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).