Student Note Packet
... Teacher’s Notes – Use with Natural Selection Examples of isolating mechanisms: ...
... Teacher’s Notes – Use with Natural Selection Examples of isolating mechanisms: ...
Mutations - JeongAPbiology
... Suppose in a plant population that red flowers (R) are dominant to white flowers (r). In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for this trait? “q^2” frequency is 25% (or 0.25), which means “q” m ...
... Suppose in a plant population that red flowers (R) are dominant to white flowers (r). In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for this trait? “q^2” frequency is 25% (or 0.25), which means “q” m ...
F13 exam 3 and answers
... The Chi square value is thus Σ 102/100 + 202/200 and 102/100 which is 4 and for 1 df is significant at the 5% level, so we can say it does not fit (unless we had opted to use a d ...
... The Chi square value is thus Σ 102/100 + 202/200 and 102/100 which is 4 and for 1 df is significant at the 5% level, so we can say it does not fit (unless we had opted to use a d ...
genetics Study Guide(fall 2016) - new book)
... Genetics Unit Test Study Guide This is not a complete list of all the material that could potentially be on your genetics unit test – use your class notes as a guide ...
... Genetics Unit Test Study Guide This is not a complete list of all the material that could potentially be on your genetics unit test – use your class notes as a guide ...
Speciation - Seattle Central College
... populations (gene flow) • Barrier to gene flow appears between one population ...
... populations (gene flow) • Barrier to gene flow appears between one population ...
Chapter 11 sexual selection (slides 1
... Costs: Double the sex organs Benefits: When optimal sex for relative size of mates changes ...
... Costs: Double the sex organs Benefits: When optimal sex for relative size of mates changes ...
LEQ: How do genes assort independently?
... Independent Assortment When Mendel conducted dihybrid crosses he noticed new gene combinations (different from the P and F1) From that he came up with the Law of Independent Assortment: Each pair of alleles segregates independently from other pairs of alleles during gamete formation ...
... Independent Assortment When Mendel conducted dihybrid crosses he noticed new gene combinations (different from the P and F1) From that he came up with the Law of Independent Assortment: Each pair of alleles segregates independently from other pairs of alleles during gamete formation ...
cystic fibrosis pedigree
... Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder. Individuals with CF have an excess amount of fluid produced in their lungs, leading to severe respiratory problems. People with CF often die within their first year of life. The gene for CF is not found on the sex chromosomes. Therefore, males and females will ...
... Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder. Individuals with CF have an excess amount of fluid produced in their lungs, leading to severe respiratory problems. People with CF often die within their first year of life. The gene for CF is not found on the sex chromosomes. Therefore, males and females will ...
Conditions for extinction of some lethal alleles of X-linked
... them. Some of these alleles, as could be that responsible of hemophilia, correspond to genes linked to sex chromosomes, especially to X chromosome. If these alleles are dominant, all the carriers die so they are rarely detected due to their rapid elimination from populations. However, recessive leth ...
... them. Some of these alleles, as could be that responsible of hemophilia, correspond to genes linked to sex chromosomes, especially to X chromosome. If these alleles are dominant, all the carriers die so they are rarely detected due to their rapid elimination from populations. However, recessive leth ...
The Ins and Outs of Pedigree Analysis, Genetic
... BREEDING BY PEDIGREE Outbreeding brings together two dogs less related than the average for the breed. This promotes more heterozygosity, and gene diversity within each dog by matching pairs of unrelated genes from different ancestors. Outbreeding can also mask the expression of recessive genes, an ...
... BREEDING BY PEDIGREE Outbreeding brings together two dogs less related than the average for the breed. This promotes more heterozygosity, and gene diversity within each dog by matching pairs of unrelated genes from different ancestors. Outbreeding can also mask the expression of recessive genes, an ...
Hardy-Weinberg loven for genfrekvens stabilitet i store
... Hardy-Weinberg law Mutation: The selection coefficient has the symbol s The mutation frequency has the symbol m Selection mutations equilibrium occurs when: q2 s = m for the recessive genes pq s = p s = m for the dominant genes ...
... Hardy-Weinberg law Mutation: The selection coefficient has the symbol s The mutation frequency has the symbol m Selection mutations equilibrium occurs when: q2 s = m for the recessive genes pq s = p s = m for the dominant genes ...
Non-Mendelian Genetics
... When several genes affect a character, it is called a polygenic character. eye color is affected by several genes. One gene controls the relative amount of greenness of the eye, and another gene controls brownness. (The recessive condition in both cases is blue eyes.) Other genes also affect ey ...
... When several genes affect a character, it is called a polygenic character. eye color is affected by several genes. One gene controls the relative amount of greenness of the eye, and another gene controls brownness. (The recessive condition in both cases is blue eyes.) Other genes also affect ey ...
Speciation
... their heads. Some lice phenotypes were better suited to survive in the back feathers because they were faster movers and flatter. They had long legs enabling them to hold onto the feather barbs. These features helped them to escape grooming and so were selected for in this area. Fatter, slow moving ...
... their heads. Some lice phenotypes were better suited to survive in the back feathers because they were faster movers and flatter. They had long legs enabling them to hold onto the feather barbs. These features helped them to escape grooming and so were selected for in this area. Fatter, slow moving ...
7.14ABCTestReviewKEY
... external fertilization (when the female lays an egg and it is fertilized by the sperm outside of the female; usually requires a medium – such as water – for the sperm to swim to the egg) internal fertilization (when the egg is fertilized within the female; o Mammals (gorillas, lions, elephants, rats ...
... external fertilization (when the female lays an egg and it is fertilized by the sperm outside of the female; usually requires a medium – such as water – for the sperm to swim to the egg) internal fertilization (when the egg is fertilized within the female; o Mammals (gorillas, lions, elephants, rats ...
2.3 Genetic Variation Assessment Schedule 07
... time more than one generation to cancel out chance. Generally well answered. Q 3a For merit you needed to mention allele frequencies. Traits / alleles are not the same thing. Understanding of natural selection, mutations, genetic drift needs to improve. Changes in the environment and no gene alleles ...
... time more than one generation to cancel out chance. Generally well answered. Q 3a For merit you needed to mention allele frequencies. Traits / alleles are not the same thing. Understanding of natural selection, mutations, genetic drift needs to improve. Changes in the environment and no gene alleles ...
Document
... equilibrium of genetic diversity in subsequent generations provided that certain assumptions apply: Mating is random (no biased mating, infinite population size) Allele frequencies do not change ...
... equilibrium of genetic diversity in subsequent generations provided that certain assumptions apply: Mating is random (no biased mating, infinite population size) Allele frequencies do not change ...
Population Genetics and Patterns of Evolution
... • Evolution is change over time, which means it occurs within a group whose individuals are actually breeding with each other; • and therefore, we study evolution by examining genetic change within a population. • INDIVIDUALS do NOT EVOLVE, a population evolves. ...
... • Evolution is change over time, which means it occurs within a group whose individuals are actually breeding with each other; • and therefore, we study evolution by examining genetic change within a population. • INDIVIDUALS do NOT EVOLVE, a population evolves. ...
Ch. 15: Presentation Slides
... Allelic Variation • Allelic variation may result from differences in the number of units repeated in tandem = simple tandem repeat (STR) • STRs can be used to map DNA since they generate fragments of different sizes which can be detected by various methods Most people are heterozygous for SSR allel ...
... Allelic Variation • Allelic variation may result from differences in the number of units repeated in tandem = simple tandem repeat (STR) • STRs can be used to map DNA since they generate fragments of different sizes which can be detected by various methods Most people are heterozygous for SSR allel ...
Sexual determination in plants
... hermaphroditic; different species differentiate at different times ...
... hermaphroditic; different species differentiate at different times ...
Sexual determination in plants
... hermaphroditic; different species differentiate at different times ...
... hermaphroditic; different species differentiate at different times ...
Chapter 7: Outline Sexual Differentiation Heterogametic Sex
... – Half of body expressed mutant phenotype (white eyes and miniature wing), while other side expressed wild phenotype ...
... – Half of body expressed mutant phenotype (white eyes and miniature wing), while other side expressed wild phenotype ...
Marker-based inferences about fecundity genes contributing
... depression in two selfed progeny arrays of Mimulus guttatus. Five fecundity traits were measured. Six of eight marked chromosomal segments were significantly associated with the expression of these traits. The number of genes detected for five traits in two progeny arrays varied, with an average of ...
... depression in two selfed progeny arrays of Mimulus guttatus. Five fecundity traits were measured. Six of eight marked chromosomal segments were significantly associated with the expression of these traits. The number of genes detected for five traits in two progeny arrays varied, with an average of ...
Evolution – Chapter 11
... Effect of drift when a small number of individuals start a new population Effect is pronounced on isolated islands ...
... Effect of drift when a small number of individuals start a new population Effect is pronounced on isolated islands ...
Nonlinear Genetics Inbreeding and Genetic Load
... siblings, uncle - niece, etc.), can be spread widely enough. Therefore in such populations so-called the genetic load frequently connected to harmful mutations only recessive alleles passed to offspring is accumulates. The concept of the genetic load in the population was used for the first time the ...
... siblings, uncle - niece, etc.), can be spread widely enough. Therefore in such populations so-called the genetic load frequently connected to harmful mutations only recessive alleles passed to offspring is accumulates. The concept of the genetic load in the population was used for the first time the ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.