Slide 1
... (DNA) – ultimate source of all new alleles Migration (gene flow) the introduction of new alleles into a population via seeds, pollen, or vegetative propagules Random genetic drift the random process whereby some alleles are not included in the next generation by chance alone Natural select ...
... (DNA) – ultimate source of all new alleles Migration (gene flow) the introduction of new alleles into a population via seeds, pollen, or vegetative propagules Random genetic drift the random process whereby some alleles are not included in the next generation by chance alone Natural select ...
Differences between individuals of the same species
... Individuals of a species can differ in a variety of ways. Their variations can be physical (anatomical), behavioural, physiological or biochemical. They can be caused by two separate factors: there is genetic variation (also known as inherited variation) and there is also environmental variation. Ge ...
... Individuals of a species can differ in a variety of ways. Their variations can be physical (anatomical), behavioural, physiological or biochemical. They can be caused by two separate factors: there is genetic variation (also known as inherited variation) and there is also environmental variation. Ge ...
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BIOS 30305 EXAM #2 FALL 2016
... Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) studies based on crosses between divergent individuals are used to estimate the number of genes (or genomic regions) that influence phenotypic variation ...
... Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) studies based on crosses between divergent individuals are used to estimate the number of genes (or genomic regions) that influence phenotypic variation ...
chapter10
... True-breeding refers to a variety of organism, when self-fertilized, produces offspring identical to one another and to the parent. Flower color: purple and white. Flower position: axial or terminal. Seed color: yellow or green. Seed shape: round or wrinkled Pod shape: inflated or constricted. Pod c ...
... True-breeding refers to a variety of organism, when self-fertilized, produces offspring identical to one another and to the parent. Flower color: purple and white. Flower position: axial or terminal. Seed color: yellow or green. Seed shape: round or wrinkled Pod shape: inflated or constricted. Pod c ...
Genetics Concept Check Answers Concept Check 10.1 Particulate
... Genetics Concept Check Answers Concept Check 10.1 1. Particulate hypothesis – parents pass on distinct factors that retain their identity Blending hypothesis – parents genetic material blends in the offspring 2. Self-fertilization: sperm fertilizes egg of same plant Cross-fertilization: sperm from o ...
... Genetics Concept Check Answers Concept Check 10.1 1. Particulate hypothesis – parents pass on distinct factors that retain their identity Blending hypothesis – parents genetic material blends in the offspring 2. Self-fertilization: sperm fertilizes egg of same plant Cross-fertilization: sperm from o ...
A new algorithm for finding maximum likelihood pedigrees New
... New research will help reconstruct pedigrees in mass grave situations A new algorithm has been formulated which helps to reconstruct pedigrees of individuals, for example in wild animal or plant populations, or in a group of related people. The algorithm uses genotypic data to find the pedigree havi ...
... New research will help reconstruct pedigrees in mass grave situations A new algorithm has been formulated which helps to reconstruct pedigrees of individuals, for example in wild animal or plant populations, or in a group of related people. The algorithm uses genotypic data to find the pedigree havi ...
unnatural selection or artificial selection or selective breeding
... for any reason or is removed from the genetic pool by any means this obviously affects the genetic makeup of any future population and generation. Differential survival of humans currently often has nothing to do with these factors of evolution that were present for billions of years. Currently with ...
... for any reason or is removed from the genetic pool by any means this obviously affects the genetic makeup of any future population and generation. Differential survival of humans currently often has nothing to do with these factors of evolution that were present for billions of years. Currently with ...
Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics
... How can a pedigree be useful in counselling prospective parents who are concerned about their children inheriting genetic disorders that run in the family? Why is pedigree-based information sometimes incomplete? In analyzing a pedigree, why is it useful to know whether a trait is common or rare in t ...
... How can a pedigree be useful in counselling prospective parents who are concerned about their children inheriting genetic disorders that run in the family? Why is pedigree-based information sometimes incomplete? In analyzing a pedigree, why is it useful to know whether a trait is common or rare in t ...
Evolution Advanced Levels of Selection Where does evolution act
... Evolution of anisogamy -> disruptive evolution one gamete specialises in swimming, other in providing energy, selection against fusion between two small cells (not viable!) and against fusion between big cells -> too expensive! Small cells compete for access to large cell sexual selection Sexual s ...
... Evolution of anisogamy -> disruptive evolution one gamete specialises in swimming, other in providing energy, selection against fusion between two small cells (not viable!) and against fusion between big cells -> too expensive! Small cells compete for access to large cell sexual selection Sexual s ...
Selective Breeding
... important crops. There are two common methods of selective breeding—hybridization and inbreeding. ...
... important crops. There are two common methods of selective breeding—hybridization and inbreeding. ...
Lecture: How Does Evolution Happen?
... INBREEDING occurs when matings occur between related individuals significantly more often than they occur between unrelated individuals chosen at random from within the population. OUTBREEDING is the opposite: individuals mate with non-relatives more often than would be predicted by random chance. I ...
... INBREEDING occurs when matings occur between related individuals significantly more often than they occur between unrelated individuals chosen at random from within the population. OUTBREEDING is the opposite: individuals mate with non-relatives more often than would be predicted by random chance. I ...
I. Genetics*the study of heredity
... Alleles are either dominant or recessive. 3. dominant-___________ ex: B, T 4. recessive-____________ ex: b, t ...
... Alleles are either dominant or recessive. 3. dominant-___________ ex: B, T 4. recessive-____________ ex: b, t ...
Recessive Genetic Disorders
... • A) The father determine a childs gender • B) individuals may transmit characteristics to their offspring which they themselves do not show ...
... • A) The father determine a childs gender • B) individuals may transmit characteristics to their offspring which they themselves do not show ...
Sex-Linked Traits
... 3. If a female is homozygous for a sex-linked trait, what will happen to her male offspring? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. Show a Punnett Square for a mom that is heterozygous for colorblindness and ...
... 3. If a female is homozygous for a sex-linked trait, what will happen to her male offspring? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. Show a Punnett Square for a mom that is heterozygous for colorblindness and ...
Genetics Notes #4
... There is a large amount of inbreeding that occurs in these individuals due to the lack of individuals with the desired phenotypes. This inbreeding leads to a very genetically stagnant population with very low variability ...
... There is a large amount of inbreeding that occurs in these individuals due to the lack of individuals with the desired phenotypes. This inbreeding leads to a very genetically stagnant population with very low variability ...
Meiosis/ Genetics Study Guide*Test Wednesday 2/ 22/12
... 15. What is the law of independent assortment? states that separate genes for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring. That is, the biological selection of a particular gene in the gene pair for one trait to be passed to the offspring has nothing to do with ...
... 15. What is the law of independent assortment? states that separate genes for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring. That is, the biological selection of a particular gene in the gene pair for one trait to be passed to the offspring has nothing to do with ...
SC.912.L.16.1 - G. Holmes Braddock High School
... cross-pollinated pea plants, which resulted in them having two parents. He then proceeded to study 7 different traits of pea plants, each having a contrasting characteristic. The offspring of these crosses are called First Filial generation, or F1. ...
... cross-pollinated pea plants, which resulted in them having two parents. He then proceeded to study 7 different traits of pea plants, each having a contrasting characteristic. The offspring of these crosses are called First Filial generation, or F1. ...
slides for lecture 11-13
... (except that we had to use Microsoft Windows to project this as the X server I have in Linux is not too great) ...
... (except that we had to use Microsoft Windows to project this as the X server I have in Linux is not too great) ...
PPT File - Holden R
... – If a male receives a recessive allele on the X chromosome, the trait will be expressed – A female must receive a recessive allele on both X chromosomes to express the trait – If the recessive allele is on the Y chromosome, it can only be passed from father to son • Females cannot exhibit sex linke ...
... – If a male receives a recessive allele on the X chromosome, the trait will be expressed – A female must receive a recessive allele on both X chromosomes to express the trait – If the recessive allele is on the Y chromosome, it can only be passed from father to son • Females cannot exhibit sex linke ...
Activity natural selection
... Biological evolution is based on changes in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation. Another way of saying this is that biological evolution is the process through which organisms’ characteristics change over successive generations by means of genetic variation and natural selection ...
... Biological evolution is based on changes in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation. Another way of saying this is that biological evolution is the process through which organisms’ characteristics change over successive generations by means of genetic variation and natural selection ...
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
... phenotype: The characteristics of an organism that are the result of the expression of its genes. 2. Define autosome. autosomes: The paired chromosomes. 3. Explain why recessive X-linked traits in humans are more likely to occur in males. Answer: Because males are hemizygous, they may display a rece ...
... phenotype: The characteristics of an organism that are the result of the expression of its genes. 2. Define autosome. autosomes: The paired chromosomes. 3. Explain why recessive X-linked traits in humans are more likely to occur in males. Answer: Because males are hemizygous, they may display a rece ...
Microevolution Evolution within a population
... frequencies due to environmental impact • Natural Selection can act upon a population in a variety of ways… Diversifying Selection = Directional Selection = Stabilizing Selection = ...
... frequencies due to environmental impact • Natural Selection can act upon a population in a variety of ways… Diversifying Selection = Directional Selection = Stabilizing Selection = ...
SBI3U: Dihybrid Cross and Pedigree Worksheet
... In snapdragons, the inheritance of flower color and size of leaves are examples of codominance. When red flowered plants are crossed with white, the result is pink. Similarly, when plant with broad leaves are crossed with plants having narrow leaves, the offspring have intermediate leaves. Cross a h ...
... In snapdragons, the inheritance of flower color and size of leaves are examples of codominance. When red flowered plants are crossed with white, the result is pink. Similarly, when plant with broad leaves are crossed with plants having narrow leaves, the offspring have intermediate leaves. Cross a h ...
Royal family pedigree following the hemophilia allele
... There are over a 1,000 X-linked traits; Ylinked traits are rare and mostly deal with sperm production. In woman, a recessive allele on one X can be masked by a dominant allele on the other X. In men, recessive alleles on the X are always expressed since there is not a corresponding allele on the Y. ...
... There are over a 1,000 X-linked traits; Ylinked traits are rare and mostly deal with sperm production. In woman, a recessive allele on one X can be masked by a dominant allele on the other X. In men, recessive alleles on the X are always expressed since there is not a corresponding allele on the Y. ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.