What is Population Genetics?
... individuals in a larger population are drastically reduced • By chance, some alleles may be overrepresented and others underrepresented among the survivors • Some alleles may be eliminated altogether • Genetic drift will continue to impact the gene pool until the population is large enough ...
... individuals in a larger population are drastically reduced • By chance, some alleles may be overrepresented and others underrepresented among the survivors • Some alleles may be eliminated altogether • Genetic drift will continue to impact the gene pool until the population is large enough ...
Final Lecture
... individuals in a larger population are drastically reduced • By chance, some alleles may be overrepresented and others underrepresented among the survivors • Some alleles may be eliminated altogether • Genetic drift will continue to impact the gene pool until the population is large enough ...
... individuals in a larger population are drastically reduced • By chance, some alleles may be overrepresented and others underrepresented among the survivors • Some alleles may be eliminated altogether • Genetic drift will continue to impact the gene pool until the population is large enough ...
Genetics Study Guide
... used pea plants for his studies. • Short growing period/Easy to Grow • 7 traits in 2 distinct forms • Produces many offspring ...
... used pea plants for his studies. • Short growing period/Easy to Grow • 7 traits in 2 distinct forms • Produces many offspring ...
Mendel/Punnet/pedigrees powerpoint mendel.punnett
... flowers are dominant over white flowers. What is the probability that two flowers, both heterozygous for flower color, will have heterozygous offspring? What is the probability of a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous flower having offspring that is white? ...
... flowers are dominant over white flowers. What is the probability that two flowers, both heterozygous for flower color, will have heterozygous offspring? What is the probability of a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous flower having offspring that is white? ...
Genes Within Populations
... • Natural selection is not the only process that can lead to the genetic makeup of populations • Allele frequencies can also change as the result of repeated mutations from one allele to another and from migrants bringing alleles into a population • In small populations, the frequencies of alleles c ...
... • Natural selection is not the only process that can lead to the genetic makeup of populations • Allele frequencies can also change as the result of repeated mutations from one allele to another and from migrants bringing alleles into a population • In small populations, the frequencies of alleles c ...
Mendel`s experiments: Mendel`s conclusions
... that are passed on to descendents unchanged (these units are now called genes) An individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait A trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation. In this experiment, the starting parent plants were homozygo ...
... that are passed on to descendents unchanged (these units are now called genes) An individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait A trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation. In this experiment, the starting parent plants were homozygo ...
Laws of Heredity -Single Gene Disorders
... that are passed on to descendents unchanged (these units are now called genes) An individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait A trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation. In this experiment, the starting parent plants were homozygo ...
... that are passed on to descendents unchanged (these units are now called genes) An individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait A trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation. In this experiment, the starting parent plants were homozygo ...
Genomic Measures of Relationship and Inbreeding
... alleles than to common alleles when calculating genomic relationships. Also, the genomic inbreeding coefficient is higher if the individual is homozygous for rare alleles than for common alleles. ...
... alleles than to common alleles when calculating genomic relationships. Also, the genomic inbreeding coefficient is higher if the individual is homozygous for rare alleles than for common alleles. ...
Selective Breeding - Mrs. Teffeteller's Science Classes
... Natural Selection Over time, a species can change its appearance, and may even become a new species, unable to reproduce successfully with individuals of the original species Individuals with the most favourable genes for the environment they live in are selected over time: this is natural sele ...
... Natural Selection Over time, a species can change its appearance, and may even become a new species, unable to reproduce successfully with individuals of the original species Individuals with the most favourable genes for the environment they live in are selected over time: this is natural sele ...
Random Allelic Variation
... alone because they become fixed for different alleles or different combinations of alleles at unlinked loci The probability that an allele will ultimately become fixed is equal to its frequency in the population in any given generation Rate of fixation (or loss) is greater in small populations ...
... alone because they become fixed for different alleles or different combinations of alleles at unlinked loci The probability that an allele will ultimately become fixed is equal to its frequency in the population in any given generation Rate of fixation (or loss) is greater in small populations ...
Chapter 23: Microevolution
... A. the ultimate source of genetic variation is mutations B. once variation exists, it can be affected by independent assortment and genetic recombination during gamete formation 1. consider the cross AaBb x AaBb – 9 different genotypes arise 2. this involves only 2 alleles at 2 loci; if there were 6 ...
... A. the ultimate source of genetic variation is mutations B. once variation exists, it can be affected by independent assortment and genetic recombination during gamete formation 1. consider the cross AaBb x AaBb – 9 different genotypes arise 2. this involves only 2 alleles at 2 loci; if there were 6 ...
File
... Directional selection occurs when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. The range of phenotypes shifts because some individuals are more successful at surviving and ...
... Directional selection occurs when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. The range of phenotypes shifts because some individuals are more successful at surviving and ...
6.2: Inheritance of Linked Genes pg. 251 Independent assortment
... While studying the fruit fly he discovered a white eyed male fruit fly. He crossed the white eyed male with a red eyed female. The F1 generation was all red eyed (males and females). Conclusion was the red eye allele was dominant and the white eye was a mutation. Morgan crossed a male from the F1 g ...
... While studying the fruit fly he discovered a white eyed male fruit fly. He crossed the white eyed male with a red eyed female. The F1 generation was all red eyed (males and females). Conclusion was the red eye allele was dominant and the white eye was a mutation. Morgan crossed a male from the F1 g ...
Review ch 11 Patterns of Inheritance
... also called X-inactivation. Example: Calico cats can only be female ...
... also called X-inactivation. Example: Calico cats can only be female ...
Problem set 3 with answers
... b. Would your answer to part a change if the daughter had Turner syndrome (the abnormal phenotype seen in XO individuals)? If so, how? In this case if it was the male who did not contribute an X then both male 1 or 3 could be father. ...
... b. Would your answer to part a change if the daughter had Turner syndrome (the abnormal phenotype seen in XO individuals)? If so, how? In this case if it was the male who did not contribute an X then both male 1 or 3 could be father. ...
Powerpoint - Colorado FFA
... males then females. Color blindness is caused by a recessive trait on the X chromosome. About eight percent of the male population has a form of colorblindness, whereas the female population is less then one percent. ...
... males then females. Color blindness is caused by a recessive trait on the X chromosome. About eight percent of the male population has a form of colorblindness, whereas the female population is less then one percent. ...
PDF - Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
... Inbreeding is unavoidable in finite populations, since the number of ancestors increases exponentially per generation (2n, where n is the generation, i.e. 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grand-parents, and so on). This very quickly leads to an unfeasible number of unrelated ancestors at the nth g ...
... Inbreeding is unavoidable in finite populations, since the number of ancestors increases exponentially per generation (2n, where n is the generation, i.e. 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grand-parents, and so on). This very quickly leads to an unfeasible number of unrelated ancestors at the nth g ...
Overerving van de geitensik
... Sex influenced characteristics are determined by autosomal genes and are inherited according to Mendel s principles, but they are expressed differently in males and females. In this case, a particular trait is more readily expressed in one sex; in other words, the trait has higher penetrance (see p. ...
... Sex influenced characteristics are determined by autosomal genes and are inherited according to Mendel s principles, but they are expressed differently in males and females. In this case, a particular trait is more readily expressed in one sex; in other words, the trait has higher penetrance (see p. ...
Slide 1
... However, sex is only rarely lost completely, and when it happens, obligate asexuals are usually evolutionarily young. We known just two examples of "ancient asexual scandals": ...
... However, sex is only rarely lost completely, and when it happens, obligate asexuals are usually evolutionarily young. We known just two examples of "ancient asexual scandals": ...
Growth and Development
... • All are the same species and only exist because of selective breeding by humans. • Their characteristics have been selected for over hundreds of generations. • COMPLETE WORKSHEET 1: “DOG BREEDING” ...
... • All are the same species and only exist because of selective breeding by humans. • Their characteristics have been selected for over hundreds of generations. • COMPLETE WORKSHEET 1: “DOG BREEDING” ...
Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
... Recessive Genetic Disorders Mendel’s work went unnoticed by the scientific community for about 30 years then it was rediscovered in the early 1900s. At that time many scientists were interested in the cause of diseases and noticed that some diseases “ran in families”. Alkaptonuria was the first ...
... Recessive Genetic Disorders Mendel’s work went unnoticed by the scientific community for about 30 years then it was rediscovered in the early 1900s. At that time many scientists were interested in the cause of diseases and noticed that some diseases “ran in families”. Alkaptonuria was the first ...
Card review
... milk production in mammals) the same genotype can show as different phenotypes in males or females. ...
... milk production in mammals) the same genotype can show as different phenotypes in males or females. ...
statgen4
... Genetic variation within individuals (heterozygosity) Genetic differences among individuals within a population Genetic differences among populations Species rarely exist as panmictic population = single, randomly interbreeding population Typically, genetic differences exist among populations— this ...
... Genetic variation within individuals (heterozygosity) Genetic differences among individuals within a population Genetic differences among populations Species rarely exist as panmictic population = single, randomly interbreeding population Typically, genetic differences exist among populations— this ...
Sex Linked Inheritance
... identified (e.g. hypophosphatemic rickets, Alport syndrome, diabetes insipidus) – hypophosphatemic rickets or vitamin D resistant rickets >>>low serum phosphorus, skeletal abnormalities – Alport syndrome, which involves progressive hearing loss and progressive kidney problems. ...
... identified (e.g. hypophosphatemic rickets, Alport syndrome, diabetes insipidus) – hypophosphatemic rickets or vitamin D resistant rickets >>>low serum phosphorus, skeletal abnormalities – Alport syndrome, which involves progressive hearing loss and progressive kidney problems. ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.