final review sheet
... 3) If the distance between the Sun and the Earth increased by a factor of 2, the Sun’s luminosity would decrease by a factor of 4. 4) Pre-main sequence stars release energy by nuclear reactions which turn hydrogen into helium. 5) Astronomers can determine the age of clusters by looking at the distri ...
... 3) If the distance between the Sun and the Earth increased by a factor of 2, the Sun’s luminosity would decrease by a factor of 4. 4) Pre-main sequence stars release energy by nuclear reactions which turn hydrogen into helium. 5) Astronomers can determine the age of clusters by looking at the distri ...
gravity - in a secure place with other
... More mass = greater curvature (locally) Affects time (locally at curvature) E= mc2 means that photons have energy related mass and therefore follow the curvature: Need an Ant Universe to demonstrate: ...
... More mass = greater curvature (locally) Affects time (locally at curvature) E= mc2 means that photons have energy related mass and therefore follow the curvature: Need an Ant Universe to demonstrate: ...
Our Expanding Universe
... Cosmologists—people who study the components, evolution, and physics of the entire Universe—now believe that all matter and energy in the Universe expanded from a point that was smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. This theory is called the Big Bang theory. Around the same time that ...
... Cosmologists—people who study the components, evolution, and physics of the entire Universe—now believe that all matter and energy in the Universe expanded from a point that was smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. This theory is called the Big Bang theory. Around the same time that ...
Unit 1
... Bang, only protons and electrons existed Shortly after the BB, temperature and density was high enough for deuterium to form by fusion After 100 seconds or so, temperature cooled enough so that deuterium could fuse into helium nuclei The temperature continued to cool, and fusion stopped after a few ...
... Bang, only protons and electrons existed Shortly after the BB, temperature and density was high enough for deuterium to form by fusion After 100 seconds or so, temperature cooled enough so that deuterium could fuse into helium nuclei The temperature continued to cool, and fusion stopped after a few ...
THE BIG BANG THEORY
... • 1960: spectroscopic studies of stars showed that the helium accounted for 20-30% of the mass of stars, the rest (70-80%) being mostly hydrogen. • However, 24% of the matter in the entire universe is due to Helium…star formation of Helium couldn’t account for all that Helium! • Some, if not most, o ...
... • 1960: spectroscopic studies of stars showed that the helium accounted for 20-30% of the mass of stars, the rest (70-80%) being mostly hydrogen. • However, 24% of the matter in the entire universe is due to Helium…star formation of Helium couldn’t account for all that Helium! • Some, if not most, o ...
No Slide Title
... Why didn’t it take over the expansion billions of years ago, before galaxies (and us) had the chance to form? Or why didn’t it wait until the far future, so today we would never have detected it? This is called the coincidence problem. ...
... Why didn’t it take over the expansion billions of years ago, before galaxies (and us) had the chance to form? Or why didn’t it wait until the far future, so today we would never have detected it? This is called the coincidence problem. ...
The Nature of Space and Time
... Still provides great insight into the origin, history, evolution, and underlying physics and chemistry of celestial phenomena and the universe itself… ...
... Still provides great insight into the origin, history, evolution, and underlying physics and chemistry of celestial phenomena and the universe itself… ...
Lecture082602 - Florida State University
... If you were 1 LY away and flashed a light, we wouldn’t see it for a year The starlight we see tonight was emitted by the stars many years ago Looking into the sky is looking at what happened in the past. The further away you look, the farther back in time ...
... If you were 1 LY away and flashed a light, we wouldn’t see it for a year The starlight we see tonight was emitted by the stars many years ago Looking into the sky is looking at what happened in the past. The further away you look, the farther back in time ...
Key Topics Astronomy Unit
... expansion of the universe and suggests that it was once compacted. 2. If the universe was initially very hot as the big bang suggests, there should be remnants of this radiation. • In 1965, Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered Cosmic Background Radiation, which supports the Big ...
... expansion of the universe and suggests that it was once compacted. 2. If the universe was initially very hot as the big bang suggests, there should be remnants of this radiation. • In 1965, Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered Cosmic Background Radiation, which supports the Big ...
GCSE P1 1.5.4 Red shift
... after exploding suddenly in a Big Bang from a very small initial point, some 13.5 billion years ago. ...
... after exploding suddenly in a Big Bang from a very small initial point, some 13.5 billion years ago. ...
Recent Developments in Cosmology
... initial `seed’ perturbations which grew into Large-scale Structure Density Perturbations from Quantum Mechanics: Classically, the scalar field rolls down its potential at the same speed everywhere in the Universe: = (t). According to Quantum Mechanics, the amplitude (or rolling speed) of the fiel ...
... initial `seed’ perturbations which grew into Large-scale Structure Density Perturbations from Quantum Mechanics: Classically, the scalar field rolls down its potential at the same speed everywhere in the Universe: = (t). According to Quantum Mechanics, the amplitude (or rolling speed) of the fiel ...
Spacebook Research Project
... to edit this page and creativity is worth extra credit!! We will cover all of the pieces of this essay in class though some of it will not be till the end of the unit. BiG BanG Question. How did Universe get here anyway? The universe is very old and every day we are gathering more evidence about how ...
... to edit this page and creativity is worth extra credit!! We will cover all of the pieces of this essay in class though some of it will not be till the end of the unit. BiG BanG Question. How did Universe get here anyway? The universe is very old and every day we are gathering more evidence about how ...
Document
... the food of the Gods". These words by Ptolemy from around 125 A.D. are handed down together with his famous book The Almagest, the bible of astronomy for some 1500 years. They capture mankind's deep fascination with the movements of the heavens, and the miracles of the physical world. After the Baby ...
... the food of the Gods". These words by Ptolemy from around 125 A.D. are handed down together with his famous book The Almagest, the bible of astronomy for some 1500 years. They capture mankind's deep fascination with the movements of the heavens, and the miracles of the physical world. After the Baby ...
Electromagnetic spectrum
... detected only by its gravitational interactions Dark Energy — an exotic form of energy whose negative pressure speeds up the expansion of the universe ...
... detected only by its gravitational interactions Dark Energy — an exotic form of energy whose negative pressure speeds up the expansion of the universe ...
Cosmology – The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
... • But ionized gas is opaque: So, we should see through closer and cooler transparent gas until our line-of-sight hits gas so young and so hot that it’s ionized and opaque. • Thus: Prediction - We should see 3,000 K gas in all directions = The Cosmic Background Radiation • Universe was hot & opaque u ...
... • But ionized gas is opaque: So, we should see through closer and cooler transparent gas until our line-of-sight hits gas so young and so hot that it’s ionized and opaque. • Thus: Prediction - We should see 3,000 K gas in all directions = The Cosmic Background Radiation • Universe was hot & opaque u ...
Episode1: Overview of the radio serial
... The study of radio waves from space also provided a proof of the way the Universe was born, some 14 billion years ago. It is now widely accepted that the Universe was created in a giant cosmic explosion, which the British astronomer Fred Hoyle termed the ‘big bang’. Initially the Universe was extrem ...
... The study of radio waves from space also provided a proof of the way the Universe was born, some 14 billion years ago. It is now widely accepted that the Universe was created in a giant cosmic explosion, which the British astronomer Fred Hoyle termed the ‘big bang’. Initially the Universe was extrem ...
Where do we come from?
... t=0: The Big Bang How do we know that this happened? Universe was denser in the past; if we daringly extrapolate backward to infinite density, that was a finite time ago. ...
... t=0: The Big Bang How do we know that this happened? Universe was denser in the past; if we daringly extrapolate backward to infinite density, that was a finite time ago. ...
Reading Selections for ID1113, p
... interpreted this in terms of the Doppler Effect: galaxies are receding from us; the more distant galaxies are receding faster than the near ones in proportion to their distance. This discovery led to the notion of the expansion of the universe and to the Big Bang theory. ...
... interpreted this in terms of the Doppler Effect: galaxies are receding from us; the more distant galaxies are receding faster than the near ones in proportion to their distance. This discovery led to the notion of the expansion of the universe and to the Big Bang theory. ...
Cosmology – The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
... • Predicts the density of the Universe = the critical density, and total energy = 0 (remember, gravitational potential energy gets counted with a negative sign so zero total energy isn’t as ridiculous as it sounds) • Density fluctuations due to the quantum uncertainty principle get blown up to galax ...
... • Predicts the density of the Universe = the critical density, and total energy = 0 (remember, gravitational potential energy gets counted with a negative sign so zero total energy isn’t as ridiculous as it sounds) • Density fluctuations due to the quantum uncertainty principle get blown up to galax ...
Mass Outflow in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151
... would still be bright) were our initial assumptions wrong? ...
... would still be bright) were our initial assumptions wrong? ...
Review
... time and has been expanding ever since n Universe began as an infinitely hot, dense concentration of energy n Evidences for big bang - Universal expansion - Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation: microwave radiations fall on Earth from all directions in a form of background signals (contin ...
... time and has been expanding ever since n Universe began as an infinitely hot, dense concentration of energy n Evidences for big bang - Universal expansion - Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation: microwave radiations fall on Earth from all directions in a form of background signals (contin ...
Cosmology * The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
... FAQ article on virtual particles). Casimir realised that between two plates, only those virtual photons whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap can be counted when calculating the vacuum energy, the rest destructively interfere. • Thus, the energy density between the plates decrea ...
... FAQ article on virtual particles). Casimir realised that between two plates, only those virtual photons whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap can be counted when calculating the vacuum energy, the rest destructively interfere. • Thus, the energy density between the plates decrea ...
Recollapsing Universe
... A. Massive central dominant elliptical galaxies. B. Massive spiral galaxies with star birth rates more than 100x that in the Milky Way C. Supermassive black holes that reside at the centers of galaxies D. Huge walls of galaxies and clusters of galaxies E. The architectural structure that is the ...
... A. Massive central dominant elliptical galaxies. B. Massive spiral galaxies with star birth rates more than 100x that in the Milky Way C. Supermassive black holes that reside at the centers of galaxies D. Huge walls of galaxies and clusters of galaxies E. The architectural structure that is the ...
Next…. Both our past and our future depend on amount of matter in
... CC but any density of matter: universe can expand forever, or collapse again, depending on mean matter density • Georges Lemaitre (P, Belgian, 1927) rediscovers Friedmann solutions, told Hubble (observing redshifts since 1924) that cosmic expansion suggests more distant galaxies should have greater ...
... CC but any density of matter: universe can expand forever, or collapse again, depending on mean matter density • Georges Lemaitre (P, Belgian, 1927) rediscovers Friedmann solutions, told Hubble (observing redshifts since 1924) that cosmic expansion suggests more distant galaxies should have greater ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.