Slides - University of Toronto Physics
... wave theory to explain diffraction effects (bending of light around obstacles.) Fresnel used the idea of polarization to predict amplitudes of reflected and transmitted light from glass interfaces. These successes finally convinced the scientific community that light was a wave phenomenon, not a ...
... wave theory to explain diffraction effects (bending of light around obstacles.) Fresnel used the idea of polarization to predict amplitudes of reflected and transmitted light from glass interfaces. These successes finally convinced the scientific community that light was a wave phenomenon, not a ...
Lecture notes lecture 11 (diffraction)
... and r2 is λ/2, the two rays will be out of phase when they reach P1 on the screen, resulting in destructive interference at P1. The path length difference is the distance from the starting point of r2 at the center of the slit to point b. For D>>a, the path length difference between rays r1 and r2 i ...
... and r2 is λ/2, the two rays will be out of phase when they reach P1 on the screen, resulting in destructive interference at P1. The path length difference is the distance from the starting point of r2 at the center of the slit to point b. For D>>a, the path length difference between rays r1 and r2 i ...
From near-field optics to optical antennas
... gives rise to a greatly amplified electric field just outside the studied in the multipole basis. The multipole expansion genprobe, which then affects the nearby sample. erates a near field, an intermediate field, and a far field. The near field typically dominates the region kR ≪ 1, where k is ...
... gives rise to a greatly amplified electric field just outside the studied in the multipole basis. The multipole expansion genprobe, which then affects the nearby sample. erates a near field, an intermediate field, and a far field. The near field typically dominates the region kR ≪ 1, where k is ...
Enpolarization and depolarization of light
... In this paper, we rely on a simple and versatile heuristics to modelize the scattering matrix: the random phasors sum [26]. It was recently shown that this phenomenological model is relevant for strongly scattering medium, such as an inhomogeneous bulk with high optical index variations or a rough s ...
... In this paper, we rely on a simple and versatile heuristics to modelize the scattering matrix: the random phasors sum [26]. It was recently shown that this phenomenological model is relevant for strongly scattering medium, such as an inhomogeneous bulk with high optical index variations or a rough s ...
Di raction and Interference PRECAUTION
... Is light a wave or a particle? The Dutch physicist Christiann Huygens (1629-1695) advocated that light was a wave. Huygens principle is often used to describe how waves in general propagate. In 1704 Newton published the first edition of his book Optiks in which he championed the notion that light co ...
... Is light a wave or a particle? The Dutch physicist Christiann Huygens (1629-1695) advocated that light was a wave. Huygens principle is often used to describe how waves in general propagate. In 1704 Newton published the first edition of his book Optiks in which he championed the notion that light co ...
Optimal wavelength for ultrahigh-resolution optical
... of biological tissues. Figure 2 shows the calculated broadening of the autocorrelation function due to nonzero dispersion with Eq. (1). The horizontal axis shows OCT resolution which is determined by the source bandwidth. The vertical axis is the broadening ratio K for the autocorrelation function f ...
... of biological tissues. Figure 2 shows the calculated broadening of the autocorrelation function due to nonzero dispersion with Eq. (1). The horizontal axis shows OCT resolution which is determined by the source bandwidth. The vertical axis is the broadening ratio K for the autocorrelation function f ...
Optical fibers are not affected by interference
... Two types of light source are used with fibers, LEDs and Laser Diodes. LEDs can operate in the near infrared (the main wavelengths used in fibers are 1300nm and 1550nm, along with 850nm for some applications); they can emit light at 850nm and 1300nm. They also have the advantages of long lifetimes ...
... Two types of light source are used with fibers, LEDs and Laser Diodes. LEDs can operate in the near infrared (the main wavelengths used in fibers are 1300nm and 1550nm, along with 850nm for some applications); they can emit light at 850nm and 1300nm. They also have the advantages of long lifetimes ...
Sample manuscript showing specifications and style
... Although 3D displays in general are known for a long time they have become a field of increasing research activities in recent years. Mayor display manufacturing companies have developed prototypes or even products of 3D displays, for example Samsung1. Such displays are of the stereoscopic type. The ...
... Although 3D displays in general are known for a long time they have become a field of increasing research activities in recent years. Mayor display manufacturing companies have developed prototypes or even products of 3D displays, for example Samsung1. Such displays are of the stereoscopic type. The ...
Microscope
... It is better to begin examination with 10x objective. The 10x objective can be used for adjusting the illumination and for searching the specimen before using a high power lens. 5. Bring the objective as close as possible to the slide preparation and while viewing in the eye piece slowly move th ...
... It is better to begin examination with 10x objective. The 10x objective can be used for adjusting the illumination and for searching the specimen before using a high power lens. 5. Bring the objective as close as possible to the slide preparation and while viewing in the eye piece slowly move th ...
Measured limits to contamination of optical
... test cavity. The Fluorel test cavity showed a decrease in losses for the first 200 h. There are several mechanisms that could explain such an effect. For example, the mirror coating could have absorbed water or a contaminant film could have formed on the mirror before evacuation of the chamber, whic ...
... test cavity. The Fluorel test cavity showed a decrease in losses for the first 200 h. There are several mechanisms that could explain such an effect. For example, the mirror coating could have absorbed water or a contaminant film could have formed on the mirror before evacuation of the chamber, whic ...
Toward the development of a Three-Dimensional Mid–Field Microscope
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
Yellow nanosecond sum-frequency generating optical
... copper vapour lasers at 578 nm and dye lasers operating at 585 nm and 595 nm. These lasers are both bulky and inefficient and it would be attractive to develop a solid-state alternative to these lasers. One path that has been followed for the generation of yellow light is second harmonic generation ...
... copper vapour lasers at 578 nm and dye lasers operating at 585 nm and 595 nm. These lasers are both bulky and inefficient and it would be attractive to develop a solid-state alternative to these lasers. One path that has been followed for the generation of yellow light is second harmonic generation ...
Strong enhancement of light extraction efficiency in GaInAsP 2D
... the ohmic contact. The effect of the textured surface also depends on the mirror reflectivity [15]. This method achieved 30% efficiency in an LED with a nonannealed metal mirror separated from electrodes. This paper discusses the extraction efficiency in 2-Darranged semiconductor microcolumns, desig ...
... the ohmic contact. The effect of the textured surface also depends on the mirror reflectivity [15]. This method achieved 30% efficiency in an LED with a nonannealed metal mirror separated from electrodes. This paper discusses the extraction efficiency in 2-Darranged semiconductor microcolumns, desig ...
Atmospheric optics
Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena. The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer. Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles creating colorful glowing skies at dusk and dawn. Scattering off of ice crystals and other particles in the atmosphere are responsible for halos, afterglows, coronas, rays of sunlight, and sun dogs. The variation in these kinds of phenomena is due to different particle sizes and geometries.Mirages are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refraction index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect where the sun appears to rise earlier or set later than predicted with a distorted shape. A spectacular form of refraction occurs with a temperature inversion called the Fata Morgana where objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon, such as islands, cliffs, ships or icebergs, appear elongated and elevated, like ""fairy tale castles"".Rainbows are the result of a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky as the sun, rainbows are more prominent the closer the sun is to the horizon due to their greater distance apart.