Color center production by femtosecond-pulse laser
... electrons or holes. They are usually created in single crystals at room temperature by irradiation with ionizing radiation [1]. When LiYF4 crystals are exposed to high intensities of pumping radiation in the UV/visible spectral regions or ionizing particles, degradation of the applicationrelated cha ...
... electrons or holes. They are usually created in single crystals at room temperature by irradiation with ionizing radiation [1]. When LiYF4 crystals are exposed to high intensities of pumping radiation in the UV/visible spectral regions or ionizing particles, degradation of the applicationrelated cha ...
Optimization of multilayer reflectors for extreme ultraviolet lithography
... single interface between two different media, the reflectivity and phase shift depend on the complex refractive indices n of the two media and the angle of incidence . The origin of the reflected ray is the point of intersection of the incident ray with the interface. The direction of the reflected ...
... single interface between two different media, the reflectivity and phase shift depend on the complex refractive indices n of the two media and the angle of incidence . The origin of the reflected ray is the point of intersection of the incident ray with the interface. The direction of the reflected ...
Optical Fiber and Communication Course Code: Credit
... Course Objectives: The objective of the present course is to introduce fundamentals of optical fibers, detectors and amplifiers and their applications in communication system. Pre-requisites: Students must have the knowledge of laws and principle of optics, electromagnetic theory, semiconductor mate ...
... Course Objectives: The objective of the present course is to introduce fundamentals of optical fibers, detectors and amplifiers and their applications in communication system. Pre-requisites: Students must have the knowledge of laws and principle of optics, electromagnetic theory, semiconductor mate ...
Multiplexing in high-density optical data storage using the orbital
... a disc. We have chosen a fine structure such that the optical beam reflected from the disc shows orbital angular momentum. Because of the electromagnetic conservation law that applies to angular momentum it should be possible to detect the amount of angular momentum both in the optical far-field or ...
... a disc. We have chosen a fine structure such that the optical beam reflected from the disc shows orbital angular momentum. Because of the electromagnetic conservation law that applies to angular momentum it should be possible to detect the amount of angular momentum both in the optical far-field or ...
CP2: Optics Why study optics? The problem of teaching optics
... begin by throwing out Huygens’s principle completely; later we will see that it actually does give the right answer for the wrong reasons. (Melvin Schwartz, Principles of Electrodynamics) ...
... begin by throwing out Huygens’s principle completely; later we will see that it actually does give the right answer for the wrong reasons. (Melvin Schwartz, Principles of Electrodynamics) ...
Superprism phenomena in planar photonic crystals
... situation, where the incident edge 0– is tilted at 25 from the vertical direction (Fig. 1). From this picture, it can be seen that, when the wavelength is altered by 20 nm (the frequency changes from 0.217 to 0.214), the propagation direction swings by 10 (from A to B) assuming the input mode is inc ...
... situation, where the incident edge 0– is tilted at 25 from the vertical direction (Fig. 1). From this picture, it can be seen that, when the wavelength is altered by 20 nm (the frequency changes from 0.217 to 0.214), the propagation direction swings by 10 (from A to B) assuming the input mode is inc ...
Electronic color charts for dielectric films on silicon
... vary from 0 to 1. However, the XYZ color space contains colors that do not lie within the RGB subspace; this can cause the R, G, and B parameters to be outside of that range. Therefore, any value less than 0 or greater to 1 are respectively set to 0 and 1, which results in an approximation of the co ...
... vary from 0 to 1. However, the XYZ color space contains colors that do not lie within the RGB subspace; this can cause the R, G, and B parameters to be outside of that range. Therefore, any value less than 0 or greater to 1 are respectively set to 0 and 1, which results in an approximation of the co ...
Subpixel Scatter in Digital Micromirror Devices
... about 4μmx4μm. An image of several micromirrors can be seen in Figure 7. The mirrors tip along the diagonal, making diamond shaped pixels. Newer mirror designs utilize a ±12◦ design and have higher ON-OFF state contrast ratios. An instrument was assembled to make scattering studies applicable to the ...
... about 4μmx4μm. An image of several micromirrors can be seen in Figure 7. The mirrors tip along the diagonal, making diamond shaped pixels. Newer mirror designs utilize a ±12◦ design and have higher ON-OFF state contrast ratios. An instrument was assembled to make scattering studies applicable to the ...
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy in a shear flow
... homodyne scattering and therefore consider only the measurement of relative velocities. The key to the new technique is the description of the propagation of light in a strongly scattering medium in terms of a random walk. Thus the transport of light is assumed to be diffusive. 6 The photon-diffusio ...
... homodyne scattering and therefore consider only the measurement of relative velocities. The key to the new technique is the description of the propagation of light in a strongly scattering medium in terms of a random walk. Thus the transport of light is assumed to be diffusive. 6 The photon-diffusio ...
Orbital rotation without orbital angular momentum
... whereas even the physical explanation of how the spin momentum can be transferred from the field to a particle is not clear. For example, as is well established for a long time [29], a circularly polarized beam as a whole, as well as any part of its transverse cross section, carries the “pure” angul ...
... whereas even the physical explanation of how the spin momentum can be transferred from the field to a particle is not clear. For example, as is well established for a long time [29], a circularly polarized beam as a whole, as well as any part of its transverse cross section, carries the “pure” angul ...
Blue light hazard
... exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Wavelengths shorter than 320 nm are most effective in causing this condition. The peak of the action spectrum is approximately at 270 nm. Note: Different action spectra have been published for photokeratitis and photoconjuctivitis (CIE 106/2 and CIE 106/3– 199 ...
... exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Wavelengths shorter than 320 nm are most effective in causing this condition. The peak of the action spectrum is approximately at 270 nm. Note: Different action spectra have been published for photokeratitis and photoconjuctivitis (CIE 106/2 and CIE 106/3– 199 ...
Optical fibres solutions
... refractive index, it is higher in the middle of the fibre and smaller towards the edges. This means that the mode that have the shortest distance to travel (Down the middle of the fibre) travel the slowest. The modes then stay together and the modal dispersion is reduced in the graded index fibre. T ...
... refractive index, it is higher in the middle of the fibre and smaller towards the edges. This means that the mode that have the shortest distance to travel (Down the middle of the fibre) travel the slowest. The modes then stay together and the modal dispersion is reduced in the graded index fibre. T ...
full Lab Facts summary
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... Content is available to customers upon request. Please contact us if you would like to publish any of the information contained within this presentation ...
Optical Networks
... Control and Management (Network Management Functions, Configuration management, Performance & Fault management, Optical safety), Network Survivability (Protection in SONET / SDH and IP Networks, Optical layer Protection, Interworking between layers). ...
... Control and Management (Network Management Functions, Configuration management, Performance & Fault management, Optical safety), Network Survivability (Protection in SONET / SDH and IP Networks, Optical layer Protection, Interworking between layers). ...
Atmospheric optics
Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena. The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer. Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles creating colorful glowing skies at dusk and dawn. Scattering off of ice crystals and other particles in the atmosphere are responsible for halos, afterglows, coronas, rays of sunlight, and sun dogs. The variation in these kinds of phenomena is due to different particle sizes and geometries.Mirages are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refraction index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect where the sun appears to rise earlier or set later than predicted with a distorted shape. A spectacular form of refraction occurs with a temperature inversion called the Fata Morgana where objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon, such as islands, cliffs, ships or icebergs, appear elongated and elevated, like ""fairy tale castles"".Rainbows are the result of a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky as the sun, rainbows are more prominent the closer the sun is to the horizon due to their greater distance apart.