Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics
... Image: If a cone of rays emitted from a point source S arrives at a certain point P, then P is called the image of S. Diffraction-limited image: The size of the image for a point source is not zero. The limited size of an optical system causes the blur of the image point due to diffraction: ...
... Image: If a cone of rays emitted from a point source S arrives at a certain point P, then P is called the image of S. Diffraction-limited image: The size of the image for a point source is not zero. The limited size of an optical system causes the blur of the image point due to diffraction: ...
Criteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference • Optical Path
... I ( z ) = I 0 exp( −α z ) where α = β = absorption coefficient (cm-1) z = depth into material • Absorption coefficient dependent on wavelength, material & intensity • High powers can get multiphoton effects • Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering • Tissues, liquids, have low ab ...
... I ( z ) = I 0 exp( −α z ) where α = β = absorption coefficient (cm-1) z = depth into material • Absorption coefficient dependent on wavelength, material & intensity • High powers can get multiphoton effects • Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering • Tissues, liquids, have low ab ...
Reflection and Mirrors
... The word plane means “flat,” so a plane mirror has a flat reflecting surface. The image a plane mirror forms is the same size as the object. However, it is a virtual image because no object is located at the place where the image appears. A virtual image is an image of an object that your brain perc ...
... The word plane means “flat,” so a plane mirror has a flat reflecting surface. The image a plane mirror forms is the same size as the object. However, it is a virtual image because no object is located at the place where the image appears. A virtual image is an image of an object that your brain perc ...
Full Paper
... acoustic frequency will leads to decrease in centre transmission wavelength.The frequency and tuned wavelength are varying in inverse fashion but this relation is not exact because the ratio of refractive indices for o-rays and e-rays also varies with wavelength.Electro-acoustic bandwidth of the pie ...
... acoustic frequency will leads to decrease in centre transmission wavelength.The frequency and tuned wavelength are varying in inverse fashion but this relation is not exact because the ratio of refractive indices for o-rays and e-rays also varies with wavelength.Electro-acoustic bandwidth of the pie ...
The Eye
... distant star), corresponds to the impulse response or point spread function (PSF) of the eye’s optics • The PSF provides a complete description of image quality at that retinal location for a given wavelength of light. Indeed, if the PSF is known at a retinal location, one can calculate the retinal ...
... distant star), corresponds to the impulse response or point spread function (PSF) of the eye’s optics • The PSF provides a complete description of image quality at that retinal location for a given wavelength of light. Indeed, if the PSF is known at a retinal location, one can calculate the retinal ...
HOLOGRAPHY, 1948-1971
... times worse than the resolution which one wants to obtain. Such a very bad lens was obtained using a microscope objective the wrong way round, and using it again in the reconstruction. So it was with some confidence that two years later, in 1950 we started a programme of holographic electron microsc ...
... times worse than the resolution which one wants to obtain. Such a very bad lens was obtained using a microscope objective the wrong way round, and using it again in the reconstruction. So it was with some confidence that two years later, in 1950 we started a programme of holographic electron microsc ...
A Fast Optical Propagation Technique for Modeling
... aperture size are greater than the wavelength of light. These restrictions are based on the boundary conditions of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld formulation, and the fact that the electric and magnetic fields cannot be treated independently at the boundaries of the aperture [4]. To compute the complex wav ...
... aperture size are greater than the wavelength of light. These restrictions are based on the boundary conditions of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld formulation, and the fact that the electric and magnetic fields cannot be treated independently at the boundaries of the aperture [4]. To compute the complex wav ...
Initial demonstration of a local, evanescent, array coupled biosensor concept
... In proof-of-concept experiments, the evanescent field has been monitored via an alternative method of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Similar to the underlying detector array, NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field and thus the optical intensity on the upper surface of ...
... In proof-of-concept experiments, the evanescent field has been monitored via an alternative method of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Similar to the underlying detector array, NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field and thus the optical intensity on the upper surface of ...
Single-pulse coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
... resonant signal of a single Raman mode can be extracted from analysis of the CARS spectrum [12–14]. The spectral analysis also provides multi-spectral images based on various Raman modes. In this paper, we demonstrate two approaches to overcome the two difficulties in singlepulse CARS microscopy. Th ...
... resonant signal of a single Raman mode can be extracted from analysis of the CARS spectrum [12–14]. The spectral analysis also provides multi-spectral images based on various Raman modes. In this paper, we demonstrate two approaches to overcome the two difficulties in singlepulse CARS microscopy. Th ...
Certified Optical Network Engineer Core Networks
... today. You’ll learn about the clever things that can be done with light to deliver higher data rates over longer distances at lower cost than ever before. You’ll also appreciate the supporting role played by recent advances in electronic communications technology in overcoming some of the impairment ...
... today. You’ll learn about the clever things that can be done with light to deliver higher data rates over longer distances at lower cost than ever before. You’ll also appreciate the supporting role played by recent advances in electronic communications technology in overcoming some of the impairment ...
AP® Physics 2 Myers Park High School Problem Set: Ray Diagrams
... a. frequency in air and glass b. incident angle c. speed in air and glass d. all of the above. 3. Light refracts when traveling from air into glass because light _____. a. intensity is greater in air than in glass. b. frequency is greater in glass than in air. c. speed is greater in air than in glas ...
... a. frequency in air and glass b. incident angle c. speed in air and glass d. all of the above. 3. Light refracts when traveling from air into glass because light _____. a. intensity is greater in air than in glass. b. frequency is greater in glass than in air. c. speed is greater in air than in glas ...
Fluoroscopic Unit (Bushong, chapter 21)
... Explain multifield image intensification. How does vigneting occur? b. Multifield Image Intensification: flexibility w/fluoro; standard w/digital fluoro. dual-focus: diameter of input phosphor of II tube = 25 cm/17cm trifocus: diameter of input phosphor of II tube = 25/17/12 or 23/15/10. @ 2 ...
... Explain multifield image intensification. How does vigneting occur? b. Multifield Image Intensification: flexibility w/fluoro; standard w/digital fluoro. dual-focus: diameter of input phosphor of II tube = 25 cm/17cm trifocus: diameter of input phosphor of II tube = 25/17/12 or 23/15/10. @ 2 ...
RADIOMETRY - gamma
... these materials are specially processed to convert incident radiation to an electrical signal by the photoelectric effect.The converson ratio or detector responsivity is linear over the sensor's input range.For a silicon sensor, this range spans 12 decades.For a germanium sensor it spans 9 decades. ...
... these materials are specially processed to convert incident radiation to an electrical signal by the photoelectric effect.The converson ratio or detector responsivity is linear over the sensor's input range.For a silicon sensor, this range spans 12 decades.For a germanium sensor it spans 9 decades. ...
Suppression of optical damage at 532 nm in
... A series of Ho:cLN crystals were grown with the Czochralski technique with Ho2O3 concentration ranging from 0.0047 to 0.94 mol. % (0.0094-1.88 mol. % Ho3+) in the melt. Here we define the Ho2O3 mol. % as the ratio of [Ho2O3]/([Ho2O3] + [cLiNbO3]). Further details on the crystal growth can be found i ...
... A series of Ho:cLN crystals were grown with the Czochralski technique with Ho2O3 concentration ranging from 0.0047 to 0.94 mol. % (0.0094-1.88 mol. % Ho3+) in the melt. Here we define the Ho2O3 mol. % as the ratio of [Ho2O3]/([Ho2O3] + [cLiNbO3]). Further details on the crystal growth can be found i ...
Interference of Light waves Wave Optics
... different media, one of lower index than the film and one of higher index, the conditions for constructive and destructive interference are reversed With different materials on either side of the film, you may have a situation in which there is a 180o phase change at both surfaces or at neither surf ...
... different media, one of lower index than the film and one of higher index, the conditions for constructive and destructive interference are reversed With different materials on either side of the film, you may have a situation in which there is a 180o phase change at both surfaces or at neither surf ...
unit –iii fiber optics and applications part-a 2
... 1. What is optical fiber? Optical fiber is a wave guide made up of transparent dielectric like glass or plastics in cylindrical form through which light is transmitted by total internal reflection. An optical fiber consists of a central core glass about 50μm diameter surrounded by a cladding about 1 ...
... 1. What is optical fiber? Optical fiber is a wave guide made up of transparent dielectric like glass or plastics in cylindrical form through which light is transmitted by total internal reflection. An optical fiber consists of a central core glass about 50μm diameter surrounded by a cladding about 1 ...
New Developments in Transmission Electron Microscopy for
... background of why nanotechnology and why now, it is believed that the following facts may contribute to this global initiative.[1] First, the road map for microelectronics and microsystems will be reaching its limit in about 10 years. As the size of interconnects is thinner than 100 nm and one elect ...
... background of why nanotechnology and why now, it is believed that the following facts may contribute to this global initiative.[1] First, the road map for microelectronics and microsystems will be reaching its limit in about 10 years. As the size of interconnects is thinner than 100 nm and one elect ...
幻灯片 1 - 长安大学精品课程网站
... some of the wave fronts produced by this source. The figure shows only the wave fronts corresponding to wave crests, so the spacing between successive wave fronts is one wavelength. The material surrounding S1 is uniform, so the wave speed is the same in all directions, and there is no refraction (a ...
... some of the wave fronts produced by this source. The figure shows only the wave fronts corresponding to wave crests, so the spacing between successive wave fronts is one wavelength. The material surrounding S1 is uniform, so the wave speed is the same in all directions, and there is no refraction (a ...
Question 10.1: Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is
... Let I1 and I2 be the intensity of the two light waves. Their resultant intensities can be obtained as: ...
... Let I1 and I2 be the intensity of the two light waves. Their resultant intensities can be obtained as: ...
Imaging Spatial-Helical Mode Interference of Single Photons
... quantum information purposes. Features of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement allow an expanded role for imaging, where the information is encoded in a quantum mechanical way, which may involve more than one particle (photon), and which go beyond the classical forms studied unti ...
... quantum information purposes. Features of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement allow an expanded role for imaging, where the information is encoded in a quantum mechanical way, which may involve more than one particle (photon), and which go beyond the classical forms studied unti ...
Chapter 3 Fiber Optics and Integrated Optics
... Index being highest in the center, decreasing towards periphery ...
... Index being highest in the center, decreasing towards periphery ...
Whispering-gallery-mode microdisk lasers
... focused by a high numerical aperture (NA ¼ 1:35,100×) oil immersion objective lens. The laser beam measured before the objective lens was only 8 mw. The focal spot was scanned laterally by a two-galvano-mirror set, and was moved along the optical axis by a piezoelectric stage. All the 3D motions hav ...
... focused by a high numerical aperture (NA ¼ 1:35,100×) oil immersion objective lens. The laser beam measured before the objective lens was only 8 mw. The focal spot was scanned laterally by a two-galvano-mirror set, and was moved along the optical axis by a piezoelectric stage. All the 3D motions hav ...
Millikan Oil Drop Apparatus
... e/m Apparatus ......................................................................................... SE-9638 ...
... e/m Apparatus ......................................................................................... SE-9638 ...
Photorefractive cyclometalated complexes
... photons can carry much more information and more rapidly than electrons. Within this frame, materials with physical properties that can be modulated by light are very interesting, among these are photoconducting media [1], which exhibit a light dependent electric conductivity. They can be used as ma ...
... photons can carry much more information and more rapidly than electrons. Within this frame, materials with physical properties that can be modulated by light are very interesting, among these are photoconducting media [1], which exhibit a light dependent electric conductivity. They can be used as ma ...
Wang Lecture - math550mathsciencetechnology
... Wave plates (retardation plates, or retarders) are optical elements used to transform the polarization states of light. They are made from one or more pieces of birefringent crystals. Each wave plate has a fast axis and a slow axis. Inside the crystal, the incident light is separated into two lights ...
... Wave plates (retardation plates, or retarders) are optical elements used to transform the polarization states of light. They are made from one or more pieces of birefringent crystals. Each wave plate has a fast axis and a slow axis. Inside the crystal, the incident light is separated into two lights ...
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.