to - UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
... optical excitation is used as it enables the large variation in the optical absorption and scattering properties of different tissue constituents to be exploited. Sources of naturally occurring absorption contrast include chromophores such as haemaglobin (and its various oxygenated states), melanin, ...
... optical excitation is used as it enables the large variation in the optical absorption and scattering properties of different tissue constituents to be exploited. Sources of naturally occurring absorption contrast include chromophores such as haemaglobin (and its various oxygenated states), melanin, ...
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
... pinhole, is used to remove interference patterns in a laser beam caused by diffraction from dust, lint, lens imperfections, etc. that are part of any laser optical system. Diffraction interference degrades the laser beam by producing phase and amplitude variations, or modulation, on the otherwise un ...
... pinhole, is used to remove interference patterns in a laser beam caused by diffraction from dust, lint, lens imperfections, etc. that are part of any laser optical system. Diffraction interference degrades the laser beam by producing phase and amplitude variations, or modulation, on the otherwise un ...
Spectroscope
... This is a transmission grating. Its surface is scored or etched with thousands of parallel grooves per centimeter. As light travels through the narrow grooves, diffraction effectively turns each groove into a new source of light. As the light spreads out, it interacts or interferes with light of the ...
... This is a transmission grating. Its surface is scored or etched with thousands of parallel grooves per centimeter. As light travels through the narrow grooves, diffraction effectively turns each groove into a new source of light. As the light spreads out, it interacts or interferes with light of the ...
Aalborg Universitet Transfer function and near-field detection of evanescent waves
... the coupling actually takes place, the (Gaussian) laser beam can be considered as a plane wave, so the detected signal should be proportional to the squared magnitude of the corresponding ACF component, at least in the case of s polarization. Measurements for both polarizations showed that the detec ...
... the coupling actually takes place, the (Gaussian) laser beam can be considered as a plane wave, so the detected signal should be proportional to the squared magnitude of the corresponding ACF component, at least in the case of s polarization. Measurements for both polarizations showed that the detec ...
JOURNAL OF T O THE EUROPEAN OPTI CAL SOCI ETY
... and the diameter of the aperture stop D is small in comparison with the distance z between an image plane and aperture stop, the natural vignetting is described by the “cosine fourth” law of illumination fall-off [3]–[5]. Natural vignetting is inherent to each lens design and becomes more troublesom ...
... and the diameter of the aperture stop D is small in comparison with the distance z between an image plane and aperture stop, the natural vignetting is described by the “cosine fourth” law of illumination fall-off [3]–[5]. Natural vignetting is inherent to each lens design and becomes more troublesom ...
Optical laser beam scanner lens relay system
... A lens-coupled system is inevitably chromatic to some extent and it is hard to ensure field flatness with standard, i.e. commonly available lenses. Nevertheless, a very good performance can be obtained with a little bit of care in the design. Even a very simple design using achromats is adequate, al ...
... A lens-coupled system is inevitably chromatic to some extent and it is hard to ensure field flatness with standard, i.e. commonly available lenses. Nevertheless, a very good performance can be obtained with a little bit of care in the design. Even a very simple design using achromats is adequate, al ...
physics 415/416 supplemental problems
... (c) The intensity of the light in the viewing plane is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of the aperture function. If we choose I(0) = 1 for convenience for both intensity patterns, write down the expressions for the intensity distributions as functions of screen position y. (Recal ...
... (c) The intensity of the light in the viewing plane is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of the aperture function. If we choose I(0) = 1 for convenience for both intensity patterns, write down the expressions for the intensity distributions as functions of screen position y. (Recal ...
Interference of light Ordinary illumination Interference fringes
... wavelength of light can be deduced, even though it is very small Even with white light, a few coloured fringes can be seen around the central white fringe, before the colours wash out By putting a wedge of material across S1 the path length can be increased until the fringes disappear, giving a ...
... wavelength of light can be deduced, even though it is very small Even with white light, a few coloured fringes can be seen around the central white fringe, before the colours wash out By putting a wedge of material across S1 the path length can be increased until the fringes disappear, giving a ...
Diffraction
... Large number of small zones, each with a width y. Phase difference between adjacent zones: = (2/)y sin Total electric filed E at point P: EP = Esin(t) + Esin(t+) +…+ Esin(t+N) It can be shown that: EP =(NE)[sin(/2)/(/2)]sin(t+), where = N = (2/) a sin. Light intensity ...
... Large number of small zones, each with a width y. Phase difference between adjacent zones: = (2/)y sin Total electric filed E at point P: EP = Esin(t) + Esin(t+) +…+ Esin(t+N) It can be shown that: EP =(NE)[sin(/2)/(/2)]sin(t+), where = N = (2/) a sin. Light intensity ...
Microsoft Word Format - University of Toronto Physics
... 1. Align the laser and mirror. Let the laser beam reflect from the silver side of the mirror, turned to approximately 45° so that the reflected light is incident on the pinhole. 2. Align the track. Take everything from the track and put up the bar pointer (one that has a sharp tip on the top). The ...
... 1. Align the laser and mirror. Let the laser beam reflect from the silver side of the mirror, turned to approximately 45° so that the reflected light is incident on the pinhole. 2. Align the track. Take everything from the track and put up the bar pointer (one that has a sharp tip on the top). The ...
Acknowledgments
... In mechanical engineering, a primary motivation for studying optics is to learn how to use optical techniques for making measurements. Optical techniques are widely used in many areas of the thermal sciences for measuring system temperatures, velocities, and species on a time- and space-resolved bas ...
... In mechanical engineering, a primary motivation for studying optics is to learn how to use optical techniques for making measurements. Optical techniques are widely used in many areas of the thermal sciences for measuring system temperatures, velocities, and species on a time- and space-resolved bas ...
![r - Nano[studijní] materiály - Technical University of Liberec](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007925985_1-5e55f54db686ed86c2131eb21f7dd098-300x300.png)
r - Nano[studijní] materiály - Technical University of Liberec
... • The second crystal, made from the same material as sample crystal, but with another length is used with mirror placed on the top of this crystal • If there is applied the same electric field on investigated sample (light is passing through it) and on compensating crystal (light is reflected from t ...
... • The second crystal, made from the same material as sample crystal, but with another length is used with mirror placed on the top of this crystal • If there is applied the same electric field on investigated sample (light is passing through it) and on compensating crystal (light is reflected from t ...
ph104exp09_Physical_Optics_03
... Holding the double razor blade between your middle finger and thumb, with your fore finger pressing down on top (the dull part), draw a line on the photographic plate parallel to one edge and about 0.5 cm in from one edge. Look at it with a magnifier to see if there is a clean double line scratched ...
... Holding the double razor blade between your middle finger and thumb, with your fore finger pressing down on top (the dull part), draw a line on the photographic plate parallel to one edge and about 0.5 cm in from one edge. Look at it with a magnifier to see if there is a clean double line scratched ...
Whole-cell-analysis of live cardiomyocytes using
... capable of capturing the entire complex field distribution (amplitude and phase) associated with a sample in a single digital camera exposure, without the need for scanning or contrast agents. Valuable information regarding the three-dimensional structure of live cells can be obtained by using WFDI ...
... capable of capturing the entire complex field distribution (amplitude and phase) associated with a sample in a single digital camera exposure, without the need for scanning or contrast agents. Valuable information regarding the three-dimensional structure of live cells can be obtained by using WFDI ...
Compressive Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging with Extended Depth of Field
... allow for operation over a volume. The method uses a cubic phase element in the pupil plane of the system in combination with post-detection signal processing to render system operation relatively insensitive to object distance. Using this technique increased the depth-of-field of a 94 GHz imager to ...
... allow for operation over a volume. The method uses a cubic phase element in the pupil plane of the system in combination with post-detection signal processing to render system operation relatively insensitive to object distance. Using this technique increased the depth-of-field of a 94 GHz imager to ...
Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens
... The quasistatic limit also considerably eases design criteria at microwave frequencies. For example we could make a near field electrostatic lens operating in the GHz band by using a slab of material containing thin gold wires oriented normal to the surface and spaced in a square lattice cell side 5 ...
... The quasistatic limit also considerably eases design criteria at microwave frequencies. For example we could make a near field electrostatic lens operating in the GHz band by using a slab of material containing thin gold wires oriented normal to the surface and spaced in a square lattice cell side 5 ...
Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens
... The quasistatic limit also considerably eases design criteria at microwave frequencies. For example we could make a near field electrostatic lens operating in the GHz band by using a slab of material containing thin gold wires oriented normal to the surface and spaced in a square lattice cell side 5 ...
... The quasistatic limit also considerably eases design criteria at microwave frequencies. For example we could make a near field electrostatic lens operating in the GHz band by using a slab of material containing thin gold wires oriented normal to the surface and spaced in a square lattice cell side 5 ...
Fiberoptic Sample Holder (FOSH): Characteristics and Uses APPLICATION NOTE 1056-201
... signal from the sample holder. Samples are mounted in a small quartz bucket that has a quartz lid to hold them in place. The bucket has an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a depth of 1.6 mm. The small volume of the quartz bucket limits the size of the samples that can be inserted, so you may need to des ...
... signal from the sample holder. Samples are mounted in a small quartz bucket that has a quartz lid to hold them in place. The bucket has an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a depth of 1.6 mm. The small volume of the quartz bucket limits the size of the samples that can be inserted, so you may need to des ...
Lec02 - nptel
... the direction of propagation of light energy at that point and is conventionally called as a light-ray. So, light-rays are actually imaginary lines that determine the direction of propagation of light energy. In other words, what we actually have is not light ray but the direction of propagation of ...
... the direction of propagation of light energy at that point and is conventionally called as a light-ray. So, light-rays are actually imaginary lines that determine the direction of propagation of light energy. In other words, what we actually have is not light ray but the direction of propagation of ...
Light Rays FACILITATOR NOTES
... Note: The activity with the octagonal mirror can be omitted or used as an additional challenge for more advanced students. It is also possible (but less motivating) to use it as a purely theoretical exercise without the actual octagonal mirror. Show the octagonal mirror to the class with using it to ...
... Note: The activity with the octagonal mirror can be omitted or used as an additional challenge for more advanced students. It is also possible (but less motivating) to use it as a purely theoretical exercise without the actual octagonal mirror. Show the octagonal mirror to the class with using it to ...
Bacteria: Staining Techniques
... Magnification vs. resolution • Magnification = increase in apparent size of an object • Resolution = ability to distinguish two objects as separate from each other ...
... Magnification vs. resolution • Magnification = increase in apparent size of an object • Resolution = ability to distinguish two objects as separate from each other ...
Efficient visible light detection using individual germanium nanowire
... VSD = 0.1 V, while the laser light is turned on and off repeatedly 共⬃10 kW/ cm2 and pulse duration= 5 ms兲. Here, the whole active region of the device was illuminated. While the conductivity increases 共drops兲 rapidly every time the light is turned on 共off兲, the gradual increase of the dark signal 共l ...
... VSD = 0.1 V, while the laser light is turned on and off repeatedly 共⬃10 kW/ cm2 and pulse duration= 5 ms兲. Here, the whole active region of the device was illuminated. While the conductivity increases 共drops兲 rapidly every time the light is turned on 共off兲, the gradual increase of the dark signal 共l ...
Zeeman Effect - UCI Physics and Astronomy
... that the laser beam passes through the pinhole aperture and emerges from the collimater lens without diverging from the optical axis (this can be tedious!). Next, check the alignment of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Set the spearation between plates to .5 cm. To make sure the beam incident on the ...
... that the laser beam passes through the pinhole aperture and emerges from the collimater lens without diverging from the optical axis (this can be tedious!). Next, check the alignment of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Set the spearation between plates to .5 cm. To make sure the beam incident on the ...
Wavelength-tuning interferometry of intraocular distances
... An alternative approach for measuring optical distances is to use frequency- or Fourier-domain techniques. In these techniques a fixed-reference path length is used. The object is illuminated by a broadband light source, and the frequency- or wavenumber-dependent response of the object on the remitt ...
... An alternative approach for measuring optical distances is to use frequency- or Fourier-domain techniques. In these techniques a fixed-reference path length is used. The object is illuminated by a broadband light source, and the frequency- or wavenumber-dependent response of the object on the remitt ...
Holography: origin, basic principle and applications of a
... bearing in mind how these were intended to communicate more incisively, the three-dimensional perspective both in painting and in sculpture. At the beginning of the 15th century a scientific approach to the art world was opened by Filippo Brunelleschi who discovered the geometric rules of perspectiv ...
... bearing in mind how these were intended to communicate more incisively, the three-dimensional perspective both in painting and in sculpture. At the beginning of the 15th century a scientific approach to the art world was opened by Filippo Brunelleschi who discovered the geometric rules of perspectiv ...
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.