
Holographic particle image velocimetry
... a circular pipe or an engine head) must be reinserted into the reconstructed object wave (Barnhart et al 1994). In classical light-sheet PIV, lasers are preferred because they provide short pulses of high energy. For holography lasers are definitely needed because interference requires coherence. An ...
... a circular pipe or an engine head) must be reinserted into the reconstructed object wave (Barnhart et al 1994). In classical light-sheet PIV, lasers are preferred because they provide short pulses of high energy. For holography lasers are definitely needed because interference requires coherence. An ...
Visible light optical coherence correlation spectroscopy
... As illustrated in Fig. 1, the illumination and detection beams do not overlap in the aperture plane of the objective: any specular reflected light from the glass slide is blocked by the diaphragm Fdet . The interferometer was conceived with a minimum number of optical elements in order to increase t ...
... As illustrated in Fig. 1, the illumination and detection beams do not overlap in the aperture plane of the objective: any specular reflected light from the glass slide is blocked by the diaphragm Fdet . The interferometer was conceived with a minimum number of optical elements in order to increase t ...
Displacement Measuring Interferometry
... in Figure 4.11, which depicts the relative intensities of the modes when the laser is in the stabilized condition, the two modes are disposed symmetrically with respect to the wavelength corresponding to the peak of the gain curve. The polarizer following the BS passes only one of the modes, which t ...
... in Figure 4.11, which depicts the relative intensities of the modes when the laser is in the stabilized condition, the two modes are disposed symmetrically with respect to the wavelength corresponding to the peak of the gain curve. The polarizer following the BS passes only one of the modes, which t ...
Revista Mexicana de Física . Simulation of Michelson and
... Almost every physics lab at the undergraduate level includes the Michelson and Young experiments in the Optics program. This is important not only from the historical point of view but also for the didactic development of a General Physics course [1]. In this paper, these popular optical experiments ...
... Almost every physics lab at the undergraduate level includes the Michelson and Young experiments in the Optics program. This is important not only from the historical point of view but also for the didactic development of a General Physics course [1]. In this paper, these popular optical experiments ...
Coatings, Filters, and Surface Finishes
... Here are some typical examples of the uses of coatings. The goal is physical insight, not detailed coating recipes, so we neglect dispersion, material absorption, adhesion problems, and interface effects, for example, the 10–50 nm of Al2 O3 that grows immediately on top of deposited aluminum, even i ...
... Here are some typical examples of the uses of coatings. The goal is physical insight, not detailed coating recipes, so we neglect dispersion, material absorption, adhesion problems, and interface effects, for example, the 10–50 nm of Al2 O3 that grows immediately on top of deposited aluminum, even i ...
Stereochemistry - Kantipur Engineering College
... This rule was developed by Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog to assign R and S configuration to the stereocenters. This system of nomenclature is also known as R, S-system or Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system and has been a part of IUPAC system. 1. All the four groups are assigned priority by the sequence rule discu ...
... This rule was developed by Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog to assign R and S configuration to the stereocenters. This system of nomenclature is also known as R, S-system or Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system and has been a part of IUPAC system. 1. All the four groups are assigned priority by the sequence rule discu ...
lab 7 Wave Optics
... the pattern formed by many viruses. If the technique is to be useful, you must be able to distinguish the diffraction pattern due to a single virus from the pattern that results from several copies of the same type of virus. In this problem and the next one, you will study light interference in a si ...
... the pattern formed by many viruses. If the technique is to be useful, you must be able to distinguish the diffraction pattern due to a single virus from the pattern that results from several copies of the same type of virus. In this problem and the next one, you will study light interference in a si ...
EE 5551
... the capabilities and limitations – Get to know the system components such as laser, detectors, amplifiers, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and describe how they are used – Familiar with bandwidth, bit rate, fiber loss, and understanding sampling ...
... the capabilities and limitations – Get to know the system components such as laser, detectors, amplifiers, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and describe how they are used – Familiar with bandwidth, bit rate, fiber loss, and understanding sampling ...
Development of a New Optical Wavelength Rejection Filter
... techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements of weakly fluorescing samples. Unfortunately, these multiple dispersing monochromators are expensive and result in a loss of signal throughput. Typically the throughput is less than 10% for a double monochromator, even close to the ...
... techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements of weakly fluorescing samples. Unfortunately, these multiple dispersing monochromators are expensive and result in a loss of signal throughput. Typically the throughput is less than 10% for a double monochromator, even close to the ...
pdf
... added third vertical dimension using multilayer stacks.[16] In these structures, lateral index contrast is combined with a 1D vertical high-index contrast.[17] Analogous to their 3D counterparts, 2.5D structures are fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, electron beam litho ...
... added third vertical dimension using multilayer stacks.[16] In these structures, lateral index contrast is combined with a 1D vertical high-index contrast.[17] Analogous to their 3D counterparts, 2.5D structures are fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, electron beam litho ...
Through the Looking Glass
... ments used for the shaping of this “rubber” mirror are piezoelectric crystals whose lengths change precisely when the voltages across their faces are changed. Such mirrors have been built, and research on improving their properties is proceeding in a number of laboratories. However, these mirrors su ...
... ments used for the shaping of this “rubber” mirror are piezoelectric crystals whose lengths change precisely when the voltages across their faces are changed. Such mirrors have been built, and research on improving their properties is proceeding in a number of laboratories. However, these mirrors su ...
Governing the speed of light and its application to the
... GHz, which is much larger than slow light based on other physical mechanisms. It must be noted that, in addition to the optical pump, the bias voltage or the electrical injection current can also be used in this technology to control the speed of light providing another degree of freedom for manipul ...
... GHz, which is much larger than slow light based on other physical mechanisms. It must be noted that, in addition to the optical pump, the bias voltage or the electrical injection current can also be used in this technology to control the speed of light providing another degree of freedom for manipul ...
Nonlinear photoacoustic spectroscopy of hemoglobin
... a motor placed on top of the sample holder (not shown in Fig. 1(a)). An engineered diffuser (PRC Photonics) provides a flat-top beam profile with 5%–10% uniformity within a 1.24 mm optical beam diameter at the sample cell surface (see Fig. 1(b)). The photoacoustically generated ultrasonic signal is ...
... a motor placed on top of the sample holder (not shown in Fig. 1(a)). An engineered diffuser (PRC Photonics) provides a flat-top beam profile with 5%–10% uniformity within a 1.24 mm optical beam diameter at the sample cell surface (see Fig. 1(b)). The photoacoustically generated ultrasonic signal is ...
Optical bistability in a Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
... been reported at all communication wavelengths with switching power ranging from several to hundreds of microwatts [4,5]. Researchers seeking to utilize the low input switching energy and the presence of optical gain have demonstrated optical logic and optical memory functions based on the optical b ...
... been reported at all communication wavelengths with switching power ranging from several to hundreds of microwatts [4,5]. Researchers seeking to utilize the low input switching energy and the presence of optical gain have demonstrated optical logic and optical memory functions based on the optical b ...
reflection and refraction
... Refraction is the interaction between the light wave and the atoms. It depends on the frequency of the wave ...
... Refraction is the interaction between the light wave and the atoms. It depends on the frequency of the wave ...
The Optical and Physical Advisor: Peter Collings
... manufacturing, non-linear optics, and nanotechnology research. Their beauty and usefulness stem in large part from the ease with which they can be manipulated by external stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields. The liquid crystal that is the topic of this research is one that was developed at ...
... manufacturing, non-linear optics, and nanotechnology research. Their beauty and usefulness stem in large part from the ease with which they can be manipulated by external stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields. The liquid crystal that is the topic of this research is one that was developed at ...
[pdf]
... field.5,6 Similar structures are correlated with smallscale intensity patterns of this field (usually named speckle patterns). The characteristic size of a coherence area, or an average size of speckles, is comparable with the wavelength used, if multiple scattering takes place. For a given polariza ...
... field.5,6 Similar structures are correlated with smallscale intensity patterns of this field (usually named speckle patterns). The characteristic size of a coherence area, or an average size of speckles, is comparable with the wavelength used, if multiple scattering takes place. For a given polariza ...
Porous Biomimetic Microlens Arrays as Multifunctional Optical
... on eyes as their photosensory organs for focusing, detection and imaging. Million of years of evolution have perfected the design of the lenses that are used for the image formation by organisms, and resulted in optical structures, whose multifunctional and hybrid characteristics are unparalleled in ...
... on eyes as their photosensory organs for focusing, detection and imaging. Million of years of evolution have perfected the design of the lenses that are used for the image formation by organisms, and resulted in optical structures, whose multifunctional and hybrid characteristics are unparalleled in ...
Measuring the Real Point Spread Function of High Numerical
... nanometer colloidal gold beads mounted beneath a #1.5 coverslip of nominal thickness (0.17 mm) acted as point scatterers in this case. The coverslip was in turn mounted on a microscope slide and a gap between them was filled with immersion oil so as to eliminate reflection from the back surface of t ...
... nanometer colloidal gold beads mounted beneath a #1.5 coverslip of nominal thickness (0.17 mm) acted as point scatterers in this case. The coverslip was in turn mounted on a microscope slide and a gap between them was filled with immersion oil so as to eliminate reflection from the back surface of t ...
Fig. 36-6
... 36.4 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction, Qualitatively To obtain the locations of the minima, the slit was equally divided into N zones, each with width Dx. Each zone acts as a source of Huygens wavelets. Now these zones can be superimposed at the screen to obtain the intensity as a function of q ...
... 36.4 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction, Qualitatively To obtain the locations of the minima, the slit was equally divided into N zones, each with width Dx. Each zone acts as a source of Huygens wavelets. Now these zones can be superimposed at the screen to obtain the intensity as a function of q ...
Tapered Fiber Fabrication
... therefore is difficult to utilize. One method of doing so, called frustrated total internal reflection, is an effect related to tunneling in quantum mechanics. Frustrated total internal reflection involves placing two highly polished surfaces within about one wavelength of each other so that the sec ...
... therefore is difficult to utilize. One method of doing so, called frustrated total internal reflection, is an effect related to tunneling in quantum mechanics. Frustrated total internal reflection involves placing two highly polished surfaces within about one wavelength of each other so that the sec ...
Laser Cutting
... wave. This is known as coherent light. One of the special properties of this coherent light is that it is all at a single frequency. In terms of light, its frequency is its colour. So it is mono-chromatic light, i.e. light that has only one colour. This will prove very useful in certain applications ...
... wave. This is known as coherent light. One of the special properties of this coherent light is that it is all at a single frequency. In terms of light, its frequency is its colour. So it is mono-chromatic light, i.e. light that has only one colour. This will prove very useful in certain applications ...
Holography
... system changes in exactly the same way as if the object was still present, thus making the recorded image (hologram) appear three dimensional. Holograms can also be made using other types of waves. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. Wh ...
... system changes in exactly the same way as if the object was still present, thus making the recorded image (hologram) appear three dimensional. Holograms can also be made using other types of waves. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. Wh ...
... 16.Among microwaves and light waves, which have high bit rate distance product? Why? Light waves have high bit rate distance product because light waves have high frequency (1014hz) than microwave frequency (1011hz) and information carrying capacity of an electromagnetic wave is directly proportiona ...
Microscopy

Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.