Deposition and Characterization of Dielectric Distributed Bragg
... To improve the performance of VCSELs, mirrors with less optical loss can be used. VCSELs require mirrors with > 99 % reflectance, and Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) are used to achieve this. Today, epitaxially-grown semiconductor DBRs are used, however these have low refractive index contrast, ...
... To improve the performance of VCSELs, mirrors with less optical loss can be used. VCSELs require mirrors with > 99 % reflectance, and Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) are used to achieve this. Today, epitaxially-grown semiconductor DBRs are used, however these have low refractive index contrast, ...
blah
... (i) The presence of the P1–P6 components is a common signature of all the low-temperature -PL spectra recorded in the thin InSe flakes, which supports the physical origin of each one of the P1–P6 components discussed in the main text. (ii) The -PL spectra obtained in terraces with similar thicknes ...
... (i) The presence of the P1–P6 components is a common signature of all the low-temperature -PL spectra recorded in the thin InSe flakes, which supports the physical origin of each one of the P1–P6 components discussed in the main text. (ii) The -PL spectra obtained in terraces with similar thicknes ...
Isotropic Diffraction-Limited Focusing Using a Single Objective Lens
... scanning because the fluorescence beam was ‘‘descanned’’ by the SLM. Typical excitation power was 10 W. Typical dwell time per pixel was 1 ms. Remarkably, the alignment procedures were not more complicated than those of a conventional confocal microscope and the setup appeared to be quite robust to ...
... scanning because the fluorescence beam was ‘‘descanned’’ by the SLM. Typical excitation power was 10 W. Typical dwell time per pixel was 1 ms. Remarkably, the alignment procedures were not more complicated than those of a conventional confocal microscope and the setup appeared to be quite robust to ...
light is - msmcgartland
... luminous using a chemical reaction similar to chemiluminescence. This is called bioluminescence. • Many organisms that live deep in the ocean use bioluminescence because so little sunlight reaches far below the surface of the water. • Fireflies, glow worms, some fish, some bacteria ...
... luminous using a chemical reaction similar to chemiluminescence. This is called bioluminescence. • Many organisms that live deep in the ocean use bioluminescence because so little sunlight reaches far below the surface of the water. • Fireflies, glow worms, some fish, some bacteria ...
TIE-41 Large Optical Glass Blanks
... shows a list of the different production steps and the corresponding time required in weeks. The preparation process and the melting, refining and casting process steps of a blank with 1.5 m diameter blank would take about 7 weeks in total. With today’s continuous tanks it is not possible to produce ...
... shows a list of the different production steps and the corresponding time required in weeks. The preparation process and the melting, refining and casting process steps of a blank with 1.5 m diameter blank would take about 7 weeks in total. With today’s continuous tanks it is not possible to produce ...
Using the Spectrophotometer
... compounds in that sample, so a spectrophotometer can also be used to determine concentrations of compounds in solution. Finally, because particles in suspension will scatter light (thus preventing it from reaching the light detector), spectrophotometers may also be used to estimate the number of cel ...
... compounds in that sample, so a spectrophotometer can also be used to determine concentrations of compounds in solution. Finally, because particles in suspension will scatter light (thus preventing it from reaching the light detector), spectrophotometers may also be used to estimate the number of cel ...
Imaging the near field
... The transmission as a function of the transverse wave-vector remains reasonably close to unity up to the resonant wave-vector for the coupled plasmon state, after which it decays exponentially with larger wave-vectors. The secret for better image resolution is to obtain a flat transmission coefficient ...
... The transmission as a function of the transverse wave-vector remains reasonably close to unity up to the resonant wave-vector for the coupled plasmon state, after which it decays exponentially with larger wave-vectors. The secret for better image resolution is to obtain a flat transmission coefficient ...
Effects of Quantum well Size Alteration on Excitonic Population
... ing, the alloy percentage and the materials of QW could be employed to design a practical optical buffer [7]. After fabrication, current injection and pump intensity are the choices for tuning of OB. Pump intensity change the Rabi frequency of QW material and the population of carriers; so, these pa ...
... ing, the alloy percentage and the materials of QW could be employed to design a practical optical buffer [7]. After fabrication, current injection and pump intensity are the choices for tuning of OB. Pump intensity change the Rabi frequency of QW material and the population of carriers; so, these pa ...
Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid
... 1.682. This value is smaller than the effective index calculated from the area-weighted average index of the PhC because the f ield propagating through the PhC region is localized primarily in the low-index material. Using the effective index and considering the PhC region as an isotropic material, ...
... 1.682. This value is smaller than the effective index calculated from the area-weighted average index of the PhC because the f ield propagating through the PhC region is localized primarily in the low-index material. Using the effective index and considering the PhC region as an isotropic material, ...
Orbital rotation without orbital angular momentum
... evolution, and allow one to describe interrelations between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of light [12,15–17,19–23]. However, the wide practical application of the internal flow parameters is hampered by difficulties in their experimental measurement and/or visualization. At present, only ...
... evolution, and allow one to describe interrelations between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of light [12,15–17,19–23]. However, the wide practical application of the internal flow parameters is hampered by difficulties in their experimental measurement and/or visualization. At present, only ...
Direct observation of light focusing by single photoreceptor cell nuclei
... ice for transport to the preparation room. Pig eyes were opened up to 15 min after the animal was killed and the retinas were excised up to one hour afterwards. The excised retinas, cut into 2mm × 2mm pieces were washed in PBS four times and incubated in 1ml PBS with papain enzyme (Roche Diagnostics ...
... ice for transport to the preparation room. Pig eyes were opened up to 15 min after the animal was killed and the retinas were excised up to one hour afterwards. The excised retinas, cut into 2mm × 2mm pieces were washed in PBS four times and incubated in 1ml PBS with papain enzyme (Roche Diagnostics ...
Frequency-Dependent Optical Constants of Water Ice Obtained
... experiments. The cell consists of a copper cylinder 80-cm long by 10-cm diameter with four separate cooling regions. The cell is only partially corrects for these losses since reflections at the thermally isolated from its surroundings by short pieces of thin wall substrate/vacuum interface can be d ...
... experiments. The cell consists of a copper cylinder 80-cm long by 10-cm diameter with four separate cooling regions. The cell is only partially corrects for these losses since reflections at the thermally isolated from its surroundings by short pieces of thin wall substrate/vacuum interface can be d ...
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
... the incoming wavefronts but mainly changes phase relations with respect to the "unperturbed" wavefronts, newly generated spherical wave fronts that are retarded by 90° (λ/4) emanate from 'O' (see the purple area that contains now "unperturbed" plane waves and spherical wave fronts). It is important ...
... the incoming wavefronts but mainly changes phase relations with respect to the "unperturbed" wavefronts, newly generated spherical wave fronts that are retarded by 90° (λ/4) emanate from 'O' (see the purple area that contains now "unperturbed" plane waves and spherical wave fronts). It is important ...
Technological Education Institute (TEI) of Piraeus
... - The energy differentials concerned reflect the acoustic phonon spectrum rather than the optical phonon spectrum. - In stimulated Brillouin, backscattered radiation couples exactly to an acoustic wave with frequency half that of the incoming light. - Acoustic velocity is induced along the core of t ...
... - The energy differentials concerned reflect the acoustic phonon spectrum rather than the optical phonon spectrum. - In stimulated Brillouin, backscattered radiation couples exactly to an acoustic wave with frequency half that of the incoming light. - Acoustic velocity is induced along the core of t ...
Unit #3 - Optics Activity: D21 Observing Lenses (pg. 449) Lenses
... Ray diagrams model the behaviour of light in mirrors and lenses. 451focal ...
... Ray diagrams model the behaviour of light in mirrors and lenses. 451focal ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.