Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Fiber-Optic Bio-Sensors
... fibers, fibers with inverted gradient index profile (IGI, see Figure 1A–E) and down or up tapered fibers (see Figure 2A,C) [18–23]. The types of fibers mentioned above are now produced commercially [24,25]. The development and investigation of designed OF in that way has been done with the aim of in ...
... fibers, fibers with inverted gradient index profile (IGI, see Figure 1A–E) and down or up tapered fibers (see Figure 2A,C) [18–23]. The types of fibers mentioned above are now produced commercially [24,25]. The development and investigation of designed OF in that way has been done with the aim of in ...
Oblique Incidence
... As the incident angle θ varies over 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90o , the angle of refraction θ will have a corresponding range of variation. It can be determined by solving for θ from Snel’s law, n sin θ = n sin θ : ...
... As the incident angle θ varies over 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90o , the angle of refraction θ will have a corresponding range of variation. It can be determined by solving for θ from Snel’s law, n sin θ = n sin θ : ...
The Optical Beam Diameter Within the Beam
... distance √(λz)=6.6mm. A Gaussian beam of this size will expand in diameter by a factor of √2 over 20m of propagation distance, and initially uniform beams will look more like an Airy pattern than a sharp-edged disk. It is the fact that the beam is nearly in an image plane which causes the high SNR: ...
... distance √(λz)=6.6mm. A Gaussian beam of this size will expand in diameter by a factor of √2 over 20m of propagation distance, and initially uniform beams will look more like an Airy pattern than a sharp-edged disk. It is the fact that the beam is nearly in an image plane which causes the high SNR: ...
Chapter 8: Optical Fibers and Components
... • It is due to the fact that the core of the fiber is not perfectly round. • In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber the light gets polarized and it travels along two polarization planes which have the same speed. • When the core of the fiber is not round, the light traveling along the two planes may ...
... • It is due to the fact that the core of the fiber is not perfectly round. • In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber the light gets polarized and it travels along two polarization planes which have the same speed. • When the core of the fiber is not round, the light traveling along the two planes may ...
Characterization of proton-exchanged waveguides in
... change process. The negative ordinary index profile was measured by launching a wave at an angle 0 to the usual propagation direction (along y) in an x-cut waveguide. The resulting index step An seen by the wave is then a known combination of Ane and Ano, from which the latter can easily be extracte ...
... change process. The negative ordinary index profile was measured by launching a wave at an angle 0 to the usual propagation direction (along y) in an x-cut waveguide. The resulting index step An seen by the wave is then a known combination of Ane and Ano, from which the latter can easily be extracte ...
Kogelnik and Li
... masers operating in the optical or infrared wavelength regionsusually appears as a beam whose transverse extent is large compared to the wavelength. The resonant properties of such a beam in the resonator structure, its propagation characteristics in free space,and its interaction behavior with vari ...
... masers operating in the optical or infrared wavelength regionsusually appears as a beam whose transverse extent is large compared to the wavelength. The resonant properties of such a beam in the resonator structure, its propagation characteristics in free space,and its interaction behavior with vari ...
laser-based fibre-optic sensor for measurement of surface properties
... A design for a fibre-optic sensor achieving two-dimensional representation o f a surface is presented The simple operating principle is similar to that o f a barcode reader or photoelectric sensor Receiving and transmitting fibres are onented in the same plane at equal incident angles to a surface C ...
... A design for a fibre-optic sensor achieving two-dimensional representation o f a surface is presented The simple operating principle is similar to that o f a barcode reader or photoelectric sensor Receiving and transmitting fibres are onented in the same plane at equal incident angles to a surface C ...
Chapter 25: Interference and Diffraction
... Example (text problem 25.12): A Michelson interferometer is adjusted so that a bright fringe appears on the screen. As one of the mirrors is moved 25.8 m, 92 bright fringes are counted on the screen. What is the wavelength of the light used in the interferometer? Moving the mirror a distance d intr ...
... Example (text problem 25.12): A Michelson interferometer is adjusted so that a bright fringe appears on the screen. As one of the mirrors is moved 25.8 m, 92 bright fringes are counted on the screen. What is the wavelength of the light used in the interferometer? Moving the mirror a distance d intr ...
Sensitivity of Cirrus Bidirectional Reflectance to Vertical
... satellite instruments such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). MODIS has a total of 36 bands for studies of land, ocean, and the atmosphere, including the 1.38 µm band for cirrus detection and correction [Gao and Kaufman,1995] , 0.65, 1.66, and 2.11 µm bands for implementing clo ...
... satellite instruments such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). MODIS has a total of 36 bands for studies of land, ocean, and the atmosphere, including the 1.38 µm band for cirrus detection and correction [Gao and Kaufman,1995] , 0.65, 1.66, and 2.11 µm bands for implementing clo ...
Visualization of superluminal pulses inside a temporal transfer functions
... H. N. Yum, M. E. Kim, Y. J. Jang, and M. S. Shahriar, “Distortion free pulse delay system using a pair of tunable white light cavities,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6705–6713 (2011). H. Yum, X. Liu, Y. J. Jang, M. E. Kim, and S. M. Shahriar, “Pulse delay via tunable white light cavities using fiber optic re ...
... H. N. Yum, M. E. Kim, Y. J. Jang, and M. S. Shahriar, “Distortion free pulse delay system using a pair of tunable white light cavities,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6705–6713 (2011). H. Yum, X. Liu, Y. J. Jang, M. E. Kim, and S. M. Shahriar, “Pulse delay via tunable white light cavities using fiber optic re ...
guide to thin section microscopy - Mineralogical Society of America
... difficult to grasp for novices, has undergone a major revision. We added more figures and text that should help to understand the physical background to some basic optical phenomena such as retardation and interference colours. Furthermore, the upgrade involves new calculated interference colour cha ...
... difficult to grasp for novices, has undergone a major revision. We added more figures and text that should help to understand the physical background to some basic optical phenomena such as retardation and interference colours. Furthermore, the upgrade involves new calculated interference colour cha ...
Radiative Transfer Theory - UCL Department of Geography
... The vector form of the vector radiative transfer (VRT) equation expresses the transfer of radiation through an elemental volume in the same way as the scalar form. Vectors are used to express polarisation coupling, as noted above. Depolarisation of incident horizontal and vertically polarised waves ...
... The vector form of the vector radiative transfer (VRT) equation expresses the transfer of radiation through an elemental volume in the same way as the scalar form. Vectors are used to express polarisation coupling, as noted above. Depolarisation of incident horizontal and vertically polarised waves ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
... matched (sync) then they are added together, resulting sine wave has twice the amplitude of the individual waves. In contrast, when two waves are completely out of sync, then resulting wave has no amplitude because two light waves cancel each other out [4]. Silicon is not considered to exhibit good ...
... matched (sync) then they are added together, resulting sine wave has twice the amplitude of the individual waves. In contrast, when two waves are completely out of sync, then resulting wave has no amplitude because two light waves cancel each other out [4]. Silicon is not considered to exhibit good ...
Inducing Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate using light beams
... more and more control and knowledge about the systems under observation is gained. This allows comparison with theory to so far unreached precision. Celebrated experimental successes of yesterday, such as the Magneto-Optical Trap [1] and the achievment of Bose-Einstein Condensation [2, 3, 4], can no ...
... more and more control and knowledge about the systems under observation is gained. This allows comparison with theory to so far unreached precision. Celebrated experimental successes of yesterday, such as the Magneto-Optical Trap [1] and the achievment of Bose-Einstein Condensation [2, 3, 4], can no ...
Guide for the Measurement of Smooth Surface Topography using
... Interferometry is based on the idea that the amplitudes of two waves (for example, light, sound or water) with the same frequency will add to each other. When the two waves are in phase the result will sum to twice the amplitude (figure 1, assuming both have the same amplitude). When the two waves a ...
... Interferometry is based on the idea that the amplitudes of two waves (for example, light, sound or water) with the same frequency will add to each other. When the two waves are in phase the result will sum to twice the amplitude (figure 1, assuming both have the same amplitude). When the two waves a ...
Changes in spatial extent and peak double optical density of human
... The macular pigment (MP) is a yellow pigment found in the human fovea in both the inner and outer layers of the retina, and located along the axons of the cone photoreceptors [1]. It is mainly composed of two xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin [2]. MP has a peak absorption wavelength at 460 nm but ...
... The macular pigment (MP) is a yellow pigment found in the human fovea in both the inner and outer layers of the retina, and located along the axons of the cone photoreceptors [1]. It is mainly composed of two xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin [2]. MP has a peak absorption wavelength at 460 nm but ...
Chapter 2 Optical Layout
... Figure 2.5: Reflection angle The “reflection angle” is so called by convention; it is the angle that the reflected or refracted central ray makes with the normal to the surface of the optical element. For most purposes it is set equal to the incidence angle shown in figure 2.5 but in many cases it i ...
... Figure 2.5: Reflection angle The “reflection angle” is so called by convention; it is the angle that the reflected or refracted central ray makes with the normal to the surface of the optical element. For most purposes it is set equal to the incidence angle shown in figure 2.5 but in many cases it i ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.