OPTICAL MINERALOGY-2
... If instead of using a calcite rhomb we had used a slab of calcite which had been cut in a random orientation and placed that on the dots, two images would still appear. ...
... If instead of using a calcite rhomb we had used a slab of calcite which had been cut in a random orientation and placed that on the dots, two images would still appear. ...
Paraxial Optics
... described. A great variety of textbooks in optics include specific chapters to the paraxial approximation of the geometrical optics.[1–11] Other textbooks focused in geometrical optics propose that the paraxial treatment should be included as part of the first approach to the subject.[12–16] The par ...
... described. A great variety of textbooks in optics include specific chapters to the paraxial approximation of the geometrical optics.[1–11] Other textbooks focused in geometrical optics propose that the paraxial treatment should be included as part of the first approach to the subject.[12–16] The par ...
The effect of skin phototype on laser propagation through skin
... Figure 2.11: Integrating sphere system for reflection (R) and transmission (T) measurements. ......................... 19 Figure 2.12: Absorption and scattering in skin. .................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.13: Schematics of ...
... Figure 2.11: Integrating sphere system for reflection (R) and transmission (T) measurements. ......................... 19 Figure 2.12: Absorption and scattering in skin. .................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.13: Schematics of ...
Vers un plan détaillé (début 08/11/01)
... Lambrecht and Reynaud, 2003), that stimulate new developments in the theory, notably justifying studies at various distance ranges, or consideration of material dispersion effects and thermal effects. An elementary situation for this interaction between two bodies is the restriction to the interacti ...
... Lambrecht and Reynaud, 2003), that stimulate new developments in the theory, notably justifying studies at various distance ranges, or consideration of material dispersion effects and thermal effects. An elementary situation for this interaction between two bodies is the restriction to the interacti ...
Optical Components and Devices for Next-Generation
... waveguides of AOTFs are fabricated on a substrate using thin-film technology, it is easy to produce devices that integrate multiple AOTFs. Figure 6 shows a compact 160 × 22 × 10 mm module that integrates four AOTFs on a chip. To adopt AOTFs for WDM systems, sidelobe levels in the filter characterist ...
... waveguides of AOTFs are fabricated on a substrate using thin-film technology, it is easy to produce devices that integrate multiple AOTFs. Figure 6 shows a compact 160 × 22 × 10 mm module that integrates four AOTFs on a chip. To adopt AOTFs for WDM systems, sidelobe levels in the filter characterist ...
Investigation of bending loss in a single
... have been observed by many workers, and Harris and Castle [14] have explained this behaviour by coupling the fundamental mode and the so-called whispering gallery modes using ray optics. This bending loss in coated optical fibres has been investigated by means of numerical methods based on wave opti ...
... have been observed by many workers, and Harris and Castle [14] have explained this behaviour by coupling the fundamental mode and the so-called whispering gallery modes using ray optics. This bending loss in coated optical fibres has been investigated by means of numerical methods based on wave opti ...
Optical measurement of depth and duty cycle for
... of binary diffraction gratings. For a near-normal angle of incidence, the ⫹1 and ⫺1 diffracted orders will behave nearly the same as the duty cycle is varied for a fixed grating depth. The difference in their behavior, quantified as the ratio of their respective diffraction efficiencies, is compared ...
... of binary diffraction gratings. For a near-normal angle of incidence, the ⫹1 and ⫺1 diffracted orders will behave nearly the same as the duty cycle is varied for a fixed grating depth. The difference in their behavior, quantified as the ratio of their respective diffraction efficiencies, is compared ...
Profiling Atmospheric Turbulence with Single Star
... resulting in index-of-refraction fluctuations. The system uses the scintillation to characterise the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere by estimation of the refractive index structure constant as a function of altitude, Cn2 (h). Once the refractive index fluctuation profile is obtained, o ...
... resulting in index-of-refraction fluctuations. The system uses the scintillation to characterise the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere by estimation of the refractive index structure constant as a function of altitude, Cn2 (h). Once the refractive index fluctuation profile is obtained, o ...
Sisay M THESIS - Addis Ababa University Institutional Repository
... dynamics. Its values are vitally important to the proper design of the reduced gravity experiments. In particular, it determines the desirable range for the speeds of the displacing fluids, so that the effect of diffusion is not overshadowed by convective transport of mass [8]. ...
... dynamics. Its values are vitally important to the proper design of the reduced gravity experiments. In particular, it determines the desirable range for the speeds of the displacing fluids, so that the effect of diffusion is not overshadowed by convective transport of mass [8]. ...
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
... dependent on the oxygenation status of the tissue (Elwell & Phil, 1995). The propagation of light in tissue depends on the combination of absorption, scattering, and reflection properties of photons. Absorption and scatter in tissue is dependent on the wavelength. Scatter decreases with increasing w ...
... dependent on the oxygenation status of the tissue (Elwell & Phil, 1995). The propagation of light in tissue depends on the combination of absorption, scattering, and reflection properties of photons. Absorption and scatter in tissue is dependent on the wavelength. Scatter decreases with increasing w ...
Nonparaxial Mathieu and Weber Accelerating Beams Peng Zhang, Yi Hu, Tongcang Li,
... To examine the beam propagation dynamics of the above formulized MABs, we perform numerical simulations by solving the nonparaxial wave equations. The results at ¼ 532 nm, m ¼ 80, h ¼ 8:7 m, ¼ 104 , are juxtaposed in Figs. 1(b)–1(f), where (b)–(c) depict the beam profiles, the intensities, and ...
... To examine the beam propagation dynamics of the above formulized MABs, we perform numerical simulations by solving the nonparaxial wave equations. The results at ¼ 532 nm, m ¼ 80, h ¼ 8:7 m, ¼ 104 , are juxtaposed in Figs. 1(b)–1(f), where (b)–(c) depict the beam profiles, the intensities, and ...
UV LEDs ramp up the quiet side of the LED market
... nm, the output power of a UV LED is only 5-8% of the input power. At 385 nm, this efficiency improves, but only to ~15%, making the higher-wavelength chip the better choice. Curing processes require large, highpower LEDs (multiple die/chip) arranged in a tight matrix in a chip-on-board configuration ...
... nm, the output power of a UV LED is only 5-8% of the input power. At 385 nm, this efficiency improves, but only to ~15%, making the higher-wavelength chip the better choice. Curing processes require large, highpower LEDs (multiple die/chip) arranged in a tight matrix in a chip-on-board configuration ...
Elastic stretchable optical fibers
... approaches. Optical fibers consist of a core and a cladding where the core has a higher refractive index than the cladding. This allows for light guiding based on total internal reflection, thereby transmitting optical signals through the fiber with very low losses. These traditional fibers are typi ...
... approaches. Optical fibers consist of a core and a cladding where the core has a higher refractive index than the cladding. This allows for light guiding based on total internal reflection, thereby transmitting optical signals through the fiber with very low losses. These traditional fibers are typi ...
light sources for optical fibers
... Once you understand total internal reflection, you understand the illuminated stream shown in Fig. 5.2. Light traveling through the water is reflected off of the surface of the water-air interface and trapped inside the stream. The same thing will happen to a glass rod or thread. Optical fibers are ...
... Once you understand total internal reflection, you understand the illuminated stream shown in Fig. 5.2. Light traveling through the water is reflected off of the surface of the water-air interface and trapped inside the stream. The same thing will happen to a glass rod or thread. Optical fibers are ...
Development and Application of Time
... Gordon studied the interface electrochemical properties by SPR method for the first time in 1980 [49,50]. Two Swedish scientists, Nylander and Liedberg, firstly applied SPR technology to chemical sensors field in 1982 [51,52]. Meanwhile, they successfully used SPR technology for gas detection and re ...
... Gordon studied the interface electrochemical properties by SPR method for the first time in 1980 [49,50]. Two Swedish scientists, Nylander and Liedberg, firstly applied SPR technology to chemical sensors field in 1982 [51,52]. Meanwhile, they successfully used SPR technology for gas detection and re ...
Brillouin scattering at high pressure: an overview
... direction of propagation of the measured phonon. In order to determine the linear combination of elastic constants involved, one has to know the crystallographic orientations of the crystal inside the DAC. This may be done when the sample is solid under ambient conditions. When the sample is loaded ...
... direction of propagation of the measured phonon. In order to determine the linear combination of elastic constants involved, one has to know the crystallographic orientations of the crystal inside the DAC. This may be done when the sample is solid under ambient conditions. When the sample is loaded ...
Fiber Optics
... where a and no are the radius and refractive index at the center of the core, respectively. In the case of a parabolic index fiber (α = 2) the total power that can be launched is one half of that of a step-index fiber with the same ∆ (NA). Graded-index fibers are found in most applications for telec ...
... where a and no are the radius and refractive index at the center of the core, respectively. In the case of a parabolic index fiber (α = 2) the total power that can be launched is one half of that of a step-index fiber with the same ∆ (NA). Graded-index fibers are found in most applications for telec ...
Integrated Optic/Nanofluidic Detection Device with Plasmonic Readout
... The detection of small signals from fluorescent tags, impedance measurements, mass, or other techniques is difficult. Specifically, when looking for such small signals background noise is significant. This noise usually comes from sources such as Raman and Rayleigh scattering from the medium (1) or ...
... The detection of small signals from fluorescent tags, impedance measurements, mass, or other techniques is difficult. Specifically, when looking for such small signals background noise is significant. This noise usually comes from sources such as Raman and Rayleigh scattering from the medium (1) or ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.