• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chemistry of Riming: The Retention of Organic and Inorganic
Chemistry of Riming: The Retention of Organic and Inorganic

... boxylic acids may contribute significantly to the free acidity in precipitation (Kawamura et al., 1996). Furthermore, they have a low photochemical reactivity in the atmospheric gas phase (residence time: 2 – 3 days), so that important sinks for these organic acids are dry and wet deposition (Chebbi ...
File - Junior College Chemistry tuition
File - Junior College Chemistry tuition

... The pH–volume curve obtained when 30 cm3 of NaOH is added to 10 cm3 of the protonated form of glutamic acid of the same concentration is given below. ...
Problem 28. TUNNELING IN CHEMISTRY
Problem 28. TUNNELING IN CHEMISTRY

... The superposition principle is applicable to quantum systems only and is not valid when applied to macrosystems. To illustrate this idea, E. Schrödinger proposed the following mental experiment. Consider the Geiger counter which detects the entering electrons. The counter is connected to a device wh ...
1.24 calculations and chemical reactions
1.24 calculations and chemical reactions

... A 25.0 cm3 sample of this solution required 22.80 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 aqueous NaOH for complete reaction. Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of H2A 4.2) Sodium carbonate forms several hydrates of general formula Na2CO3.xH2O. A 2.98 g sample of one of these hydrates was dissolved in water a ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... hand, certain acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH), which gives vinegar its tart flavor, do not ionize completely and are weak electrolytes. We represent the ionization of acetic acid as CH3COOH(aq) Δ CH3COO2 (aq) 1 H1 (aq) where CH3COO2 is called the acetate ion. We use the term ionization to descr ...
Acids ,Bases and Salts
Acids ,Bases and Salts

... The more the dissociation the higher the yield of ions and the greater the electrical conductivity of the solution. A compound that conducts electricity in an electrolyte and thus a compound showing high electrical conductivity is a strong electrolyte while a compound showing low electrical conducti ...
Precision, accuracy and significant figures
Precision, accuracy and significant figures

... form. A number written in standard form is expressed as a number greater than 1 but less than 10 multiplied by 10x, where x is an integer. When a calculation involves multiplication and division, the result should have the same number of significant figures as the factor with the least number of sig ...
Chapter 4 Student Presentation
Chapter 4 Student Presentation

... • whether or not solutions conduct electricity. • If ions form in solution, the substance is an electrolyte and the solution conducts electricity. ...
CHAPTER-7
CHAPTER-7

... Explain the Effect of pressure concentration and temperature on reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3(g) ∆H = -xkJ using Le Chatelier’s principle? Ans. a) Effect of pressure: increase in pressure increases rate of forward reaction since it is accompanied by decrease in no. of gaseous moles; hence equilib ...
Chemistry of CHLORINE
Chemistry of CHLORINE

... II. Explain the trend in bond Energy of the halogens above: -Decrease down the group from chlorine to Iodine -Atomic radius increase down the group decreasing the energy required to break the covalent bonds between the larger atom with reduced effective nuclear charge an outer energy level that take ...
x - mrs. leinweber`s wiki
x - mrs. leinweber`s wiki

... Recall the conditions necessary for a chemical reaction:  Particles must collide with the correct orientation and have sufficient energy  If product particles can collide effectively also, a reaction is said to be reversible  Rate of reaction depends on temperature, surface area and concentration ...
Chemistry SAM
Chemistry SAM

... (ii) Write an equation for the reduction of silver ions to silver atoms. ...
SCH4U Exam Review
SCH4U Exam Review

... 7. A 0.100 mol sample of formaldehyde vapour, CH2O, was placed in a heated 1.00 L vessel and some of it decomposed. The reaction is: CH2O(g)  H2 (g) + CO(g) At equilibrium, the CH2O(g) concentration was 0.080 mol/L. Calculate Keq. ANS: 5.0x10-3 8. The equilibrium constant for the reaction: SO3 (g) ...
The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

... Of the many thousands of reactions that occur in the environment and in organisms, nearly all take place in water. Water’s remarkable power as a solvent results from two features of its molecules: the distribution of the bonding electrons and the overall shape. Recall from Section 2.7 that the elect ...
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure

... Rrutherford experiement of a particle showed for the first time that atom (a) nucleus ...
text
text

... When an acid and a base react, the products are a new acid and a new base. For example, the acetate ion, CH3COO–, in reaction 6.7 is a base that can accept a proton from the acidic ammonium ion, NH +4 , forming acetic acid and ammonia. We call the acetate ion the conjugate base of acetic acid, and w ...
Pirogov National Medical Univercity of Vinnitsa
Pirogov National Medical Univercity of Vinnitsa

... - concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis, toxic substances are in reserved closet, where they are worked with. Work with acids and base 1. While working with concentrated acids and alkalis, one needs to be cautious and to ensure that they do not get on skin and clothes. 2. At the dilution of co ...
chemical reactions and stoichiometry chemical reactions and
chemical reactions and stoichiometry chemical reactions and

... left and too many oxygen atoms on the right. We need to change the numbers of molecules by changing stoichiometric coefficients until the numbers of atoms of each element are equal. It is easiest to balance a chemical equation one element at a time, starting with the elements that appear in only one ...
Theoretical problems
Theoretical problems

... Preparatory Problems, Theoretical contaminations. The reaction of sulfuric acid with colemanite takes place in two steps: In the first step colemanite is dissolved in sulfuric acid forming the calcium(II) ion and boric acid. In the second step, calcium sulfate, formed from Ca 2+ and SO4 ions, pre ...
Chem 171-2-3: Final Exam Review Multiple Choice Problems 1
Chem 171-2-3: Final Exam Review Multiple Choice Problems 1

... At some temperature, a mixture of 2.00 mol H2S, 2.00 mol S2 and some H2 are at equilibrium in a 2.00 L vessel. If K = 100 for the reaction 2 H2 + S2 ÷ 2 H2S, then the [H2]eq is ...
Guide Kjeldahl
Guide Kjeldahl

... flame tests to the atomic force microscope sent to Mars for the exploration of martian soil. At the time when Johan Kjeldahl published his method for the determination of nitrogen in 1883 the electric lamp was just patented and the technical age in its childhood. Seldom in human history has an inven ...
Macromolecules in Biological System.doc
Macromolecules in Biological System.doc

... overview briefly presents the content of a module in paragraph form (maximum length : 100-150 words). The Module Developers will also be briefly interviewed (videotaped) to present the overview of the module. This video file (Quicktime, .mov) will be included with this section of the module. Second, ...
x - SharpSchool
x - SharpSchool

...  the stronger an acid, the weaker its conjugate base  the weaker an acid, the stronger its conjugate base ...
chromatographic study of photolysis of aqueous cyanocobalamin
chromatographic study of photolysis of aqueous cyanocobalamin

... detection is very high and even trace amounts of the photoproducts can be detected. In certain cases (e.g. photolysed solutions of cyanocobalamin and riboflavin), some minor unknown products of riboflavin were also detected, the Rf values of these compounds in solvent system S5 and S6 are reported i ...
Exemplar Paper
Exemplar Paper

... 2. When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of sodium thiosulfate in a beaker, solid sulfur forms in the solution. Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(aq) + S(s) + H2O(ℓ) The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be studied by varying the sodium thiosulfate concentra ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 29 >

Acid strength

The strength of an acid refers to its ability or tendency to lose a proton (H+). A strong acid is one that completely ionizes (dissociates) in a solution. In water, one mole of a strong acid HA dissolves yielding one mole of H+ (as hydronium ion H3O+) and one mole of the conjugate base, A−. Essentially, none of the non-ionized acid HA remains. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrobromic acid (HBr), perchloric acid (HClO4), nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In aqueous solution, each of these essentially ionizes 100%.In contrast, a weak acid only partially dissociates. Examples in water include carbonic acid (H2CO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH). At equilibrium, both the acid and the conjugate base are present in solution.Stronger acids have a larger acid dissociation constant (Ka) and a smaller logarithmic constant (pKa = - log Ka) than weaker acids. The stronger an acid is, the more easily it loses a proton, H+. Two key factors that contribute to the ease of deprotonation are the polarity of the H—A bond and the size of atom A, which determines the strength of the H—A bond. Acid strengths also depend on the stability of the conjugate base.While Ka measures the strength of an acidic molecule, the strength of an aqueous acid solution is measured by pH, which is a function of the concentration of hydronium ions in solution. The pH of a simple solution of an acid in water is determined by both Ka and the acid concentration. For weak acid solutions, it depends on the degree of dissociation, which may be determined by an equilibrium calculation. For concentrated solutions of strong acids with a pH less than about zero, the Hammett acidity function is a better measure of acidity than the pH.Sulfonic acids, which are organic oxyacids, are a class of strong acids. A common example is p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid). Unlike sulfuric acid itself, sulfonic acids can be solids. In fact, polystyrene functionalized into polystyrene sulfonate is a solid strongly acidic plastic that is filterable.Superacids are acid solutions that are more acidic than 100% sulfuric acid. Examples of superacids are fluoroantimonic acid, magic acid and perchloric acid. Superacids can permanently protonate water to give ionic, crystalline hydronium ""salts"". They can also quantitatively stabilize carbocations.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report