• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Lecture 5 - Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Lecture 5 - Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

... In this case f is not a function of type P → P because people have two parents. For example, if q has mother m and father p, then f(q) = m and f(q) = p, which is contrary to the requirement that each domain element be associated with exactly one codomain element. – f(x) is the mother of x. In this c ...
On the Finite Model Property in Order-Sorted Logic
On the Finite Model Property in Order-Sorted Logic

If T is a consistent theory in the language of arithmetic, we say a set
If T is a consistent theory in the language of arithmetic, we say a set

Points, lines and diamonds: a two-sorted modal logic for projective
Points, lines and diamonds: a two-sorted modal logic for projective

Lecture 1- Real Numbers
Lecture 1- Real Numbers

... By inspection we see that as n gets larger the sequence ‘zn approaches 1.22222222 · · · = 1.2 as n gets larger and larger’. Thus 1.2 is the answer. What is the precise meaninf of ‘a sequence approaches a real number’? We will see this in the next lecture. ...
Representations of Integers by Linear Forms in Nonnegative
Representations of Integers by Linear Forms in Nonnegative

x - Hays High School
x - Hays High School

... Concept Summary: Zeros, Factors, Roots, and Intercepts Key Concept: Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Example 1: Determine Number and Type of Roots Key Concept: Corollary to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Key Concept: Descartes’ Rule of Signs Example 2: Find Numbers of Positive and Negative Zeros E ...
Euler and the Exponential Base e
Euler and the Exponential Base e

Approximation to real numbers by algebraic numbers of
Approximation to real numbers by algebraic numbers of

... From now on and until the end of the memoir we will use the following notations: f  g iff for some c = c(ζ, d) we have f ≤ cg. f ∼ g iff f  g and g  f . All implied constants may depend on ζ and d. Lets reformulate Dirichlet theorem: Theorem 2.1. (Dirichlet, revisited) For every real number ζ, wh ...
Hypergeometric τ -functions, Hurwitz numbers and paths J. Harnad and A. Yu. Orlov
Hypergeometric τ -functions, Hurwitz numbers and paths J. Harnad and A. Yu. Orlov

... In [29] a large class of hypergeometric 2D Toda τ -functions was studied, including a family that, when the flow variables are restricted to the trace invariants of a pair of N × N matrices, can be interpreted as hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments [8]. (This was in fact the origin of the t ...
PARABOLAS INFILTRATING THE FORD CIRCLES BY SUZANNE C
PARABOLAS INFILTRATING THE FORD CIRCLES BY SUZANNE C

... We now define a real valued function FQ on the interval [0, 1] as follows. Let a/q and a0 /q 0 be consecutive fractions in FQ . From basic properties of Farey fractions we know that the fraction θ = (a + a0 )/(q + q 0 ) does not belong to FQ , and it is the first fraction that would be inserted betw ...
CHAP10 Ordinal and Cardinal Numbers
CHAP10 Ordinal and Cardinal Numbers

Recursion
Recursion

The Pentagonal Number Theorem and All That
The Pentagonal Number Theorem and All That

... writes “The other problem, to transform (1 − x)(1 − x2 )(. . .) into 1 − x − x2 + x5 + . . ., follows easily by induction, if one multiplied many factors. The remainder of the series I do not see. This can be shown in a most pleasant investigation, together with tranquil pastime and the endurance of ...
The Satisfiability Problem for Probabilistic CTL
The Satisfiability Problem for Probabilistic CTL

LNCS 4168 - Univariate Polynomial Real Root Isolation: Continued
LNCS 4168 - Univariate Polynomial Real Root Isolation: Continued

... integers, transforms A(X) to An (X), which has no more than one sign variation. Remark 1. Since 4d32 < d < d42 [10] we conclude that 1d + 1 < 2d2 for d ≥ 2. Thus, if d ≥ 2 we can replace the two conditions of Th. 3 by Fn−1 Δ ≥ 2d2 , since Fn ≥ Fn−1 ≥ 1 and Fn−1 Fn Δ ≥ Fn−1 Δ ≥ 2d2 > 2. Th. 3 can b ...
Full text
Full text

Open problems in number theory
Open problems in number theory

On integers with many small prime factors
On integers with many small prime factors

x → +∞ means
x → +∞ means

Solved and unsolved problems in elementary number theory
Solved and unsolved problems in elementary number theory

Mathematical writing - QMplus - Queen Mary University of London
Mathematical writing - QMplus - Queen Mary University of London

Selected MOSP Problems 1. (a) Let P(x)
Selected MOSP Problems 1. (a) Let P(x)

Combinatorics of simple marked mesh patterns in 132
Combinatorics of simple marked mesh patterns in 132

... The quadrant II is now about to classify 132-avoiding permutations according to the number of values having k greater values on their left. We will see that this statistic can be read on first values (0,ℓ,0,0) only. The following table displays the first values of Q132 |tn xk : ...
On Stern╎s Diatomic Sequence 0,1,1,2,1,3,2,3,1,4
On Stern╎s Diatomic Sequence 0,1,1,2,1,3,2,3,1,4

< 1 ... 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 ... 132 >

Non-standard calculus

In mathematics, non-standard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of non-standard analysis, to differential and integral calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.Calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. (See history of calculus.) For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians like Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Jerome Keisler, ""Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals. Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century.""
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report