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... Corollary: If there are only finitely many Fermat primes, then E(2a) = 2a+l for every sufficiently large a. Remark: The prime 2 seems to be the only one for which such an explicit result can be derived. This is in agreement with the saying of H. Zassenhaus that two is the oddest of primes. The next ...
pptx
pptx

... r is not equal to any of the r1 , r2 , r3 ,... Because it differs from ri in its ith position after the decimal point. Therefore there is a real number between 0 and 1 that is not on the list since every real number has a unique decimal expansion. Hence, all the real numbers between 0 and 1 cannot b ...
Introductory Mathematics
Introductory Mathematics

... number 1 is defined to be a set with a single element. The number 2 is defined to be a set with two elements, and so on. In order that we don’t run out of symbols, we can define the natural numbers as follows: Definition The set of natural numbers consists of the elements (numbers): ...
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Lecture Notes: College Algebra Contents Joseph Lee Metropolitan Community College

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(425.0kB )

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... Since we can express the solution set to a compound inequality by graphing on a number line, or using interval notation, let us now review interval notation. Interval notation is frequently used to express a set of numbers between two values, a and b. We basically use two symbols: parentheses ( ) an ...
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... In recent work [13], L. Somer shows that for fixed d there are at most finitely many composite integers N such that some Integer a relatively prime to N has multiplicative order {N -1)1 d modulo N. A composite Integer N with this property Is a Fermat ^-pseudoprime. (See [12], p. 117, where Fermat rf ...
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Non-standard calculus

In mathematics, non-standard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of non-standard analysis, to differential and integral calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic.Calculations with infinitesimals were widely used before Karl Weierstrass sought to replace them with the (ε, δ)-definition of limit starting in the 1870s. (See history of calculus.) For almost one hundred years thereafter, mathematicians like Richard Courant viewed infinitesimals as being naive and vague or meaningless.Contrary to such views, Abraham Robinson showed in 1960 that infinitesimals are precise, clear, and meaningful, building upon work by Edwin Hewitt and Jerzy Łoś. According to Jerome Keisler, ""Robinson solved a three hundred year old problem by giving a precise treatment of infinitesimals. Robinson's achievement will probably rank as one of the major mathematical advances of the twentieth century.""
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