The Right Whey Protein
... Whey peptides are comprised of two or more amino acids linked together in sequence, like the pearls of a necklace. Each pearl represents a single amino acid, such as tryptophan or leucine. When two amino acids are connected to each other they become a peptide. A dipeptide is defined as two amino aci ...
... Whey peptides are comprised of two or more amino acids linked together in sequence, like the pearls of a necklace. Each pearl represents a single amino acid, such as tryptophan or leucine. When two amino acids are connected to each other they become a peptide. A dipeptide is defined as two amino aci ...
A1987K668100001
... Further studies of the system led to the discovery of insulin mediators. However, the statement in the review that has given me the most pleasure over the years is, “Therefore we would propose that the independent form may be the physiologically active form within the cells.” This has turned out to ...
... Further studies of the system led to the discovery of insulin mediators. However, the statement in the review that has given me the most pleasure over the years is, “Therefore we would propose that the independent form may be the physiologically active form within the cells.” This has turned out to ...
Structural characterization of L
... and as a food additive. The amino acid is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain [1,2]. Furthermore, its excessive release might play a major role in the neuronal death associated with various neurological disorders [3]. Therefore, the quantitative assay of l-glutamate is import ...
... and as a food additive. The amino acid is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain [1,2]. Furthermore, its excessive release might play a major role in the neuronal death associated with various neurological disorders [3]. Therefore, the quantitative assay of l-glutamate is import ...
Poster
... The ribosome is an existential part of life in that it synthesizes thousands of proteins needed to carry out life processes. Antibiotics, which generally affect ribosomal activity, are often used in treating bacterial diseases such as strep throat. The primary architecture of the ribosomes in bacter ...
... The ribosome is an existential part of life in that it synthesizes thousands of proteins needed to carry out life processes. Antibiotics, which generally affect ribosomal activity, are often used in treating bacterial diseases such as strep throat. The primary architecture of the ribosomes in bacter ...
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5, Methods
... ceramide, which is a conjugate of a sphingosine and a fatty acid (Fig. S2C). To predict ...
... ceramide, which is a conjugate of a sphingosine and a fatty acid (Fig. S2C). To predict ...
Representations of 3D Structures
... •The structure can be determined by inputting this information to computer minimization software. •The computer program also contains information about amino acids, bond lengths/angles and standard information about atom-atom interactions such as minimum distance (i.e. Van der Waals radii) •With all ...
... •The structure can be determined by inputting this information to computer minimization software. •The computer program also contains information about amino acids, bond lengths/angles and standard information about atom-atom interactions such as minimum distance (i.e. Van der Waals radii) •With all ...
X-ray structures of the N and C-terminal domains of a
... The N protein is a multifunctional phosphoprotein with a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses, which, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection (20, 39). The highly basic N protein is able to bind ssRNA non-specificall ...
... The N protein is a multifunctional phosphoprotein with a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses, which, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection (20, 39). The highly basic N protein is able to bind ssRNA non-specificall ...
2012 patel DE perox
... were targeted for directed evolution. These sequences were chosen as test cases because both proteins had been characterized extensively, and their structures were solved previously by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as shown in Fig. 1 (Wei et al., 2003a,b; Go et al., 2008). Furthermore, as ...
... were targeted for directed evolution. These sequences were chosen as test cases because both proteins had been characterized extensively, and their structures were solved previously by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as shown in Fig. 1 (Wei et al., 2003a,b; Go et al., 2008). Furthermore, as ...
... epsilon and beta toxins and the fusion chimeric protein were predicted by PROMOTIF online program software. Our data demonstrated similar characteristics of each of the epsilon and beta fragments comprised to epsilon-beta fusion protein constructions. The data confirms that amino acid Lys number 33 ...
Pattern searches for the identification of putative lipoprotein genes in
... context it is significant that the lipobox amino acids are apparently subject to subtle taxon-specific restrictions. For example, the lipobox consensus defined from a dataset of 26 proven spirochaetal Lpps is distinctive in comparison to that of E. coli Lpps (Haake, 2000). Likewise, the lipobox sequ ...
... context it is significant that the lipobox amino acids are apparently subject to subtle taxon-specific restrictions. For example, the lipobox consensus defined from a dataset of 26 proven spirochaetal Lpps is distinctive in comparison to that of E. coli Lpps (Haake, 2000). Likewise, the lipobox sequ ...
How flexible is α-actinin`s rod domain?
... Abstract: α−actinin, an actin binding protein, plays a Endo, and Ebashi (1967)]. On the other hand, in nonkey role in cell migration, cross-links actin filaments in muscle cells, α-actinin organizes the cortical cytoskelethe Z-disk, and is a major component of contractile mus- ton adjacent to membra ...
... Abstract: α−actinin, an actin binding protein, plays a Endo, and Ebashi (1967)]. On the other hand, in nonkey role in cell migration, cross-links actin filaments in muscle cells, α-actinin organizes the cortical cytoskelethe Z-disk, and is a major component of contractile mus- ton adjacent to membra ...
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) & PDB Files
... • Text file, viewed/modified in editor (TextPad) • a.k.a. structure file • Contains position of every atom in the file as well as some information about the structure • Holds all the information needed to reconstruct a 3D model of a molecule – view in RASMOL or DeepView • At first, contents are inti ...
... • Text file, viewed/modified in editor (TextPad) • a.k.a. structure file • Contains position of every atom in the file as well as some information about the structure • Holds all the information needed to reconstruct a 3D model of a molecule – view in RASMOL or DeepView • At first, contents are inti ...
Decision Document
... identities between the expressed protein and the known allergens that can be found in protein databases is the following: more than 35 % of identity in the amino acid sequence of the protein expressed, using an 80 amino acid window; or an identity of 6 contiguous amino acids. If such values are obta ...
... identities between the expressed protein and the known allergens that can be found in protein databases is the following: more than 35 % of identity in the amino acid sequence of the protein expressed, using an 80 amino acid window; or an identity of 6 contiguous amino acids. If such values are obta ...
Guarding the Goods. New Insights into the
... is mediated by the NB-LRR protein RPS2, not RPM1, but RPS2 also physically interacts with RIN4 (Axtell and Staskawicz, 2003; Mackey et al., 2003), suggesting that RIN4 is guarded by at least two different R proteins. RPS2 appears to be activated by loss of RIN4, as a RIN4 knockout mutation is lethal ...
... is mediated by the NB-LRR protein RPS2, not RPM1, but RPS2 also physically interacts with RIN4 (Axtell and Staskawicz, 2003; Mackey et al., 2003), suggesting that RIN4 is guarded by at least two different R proteins. RPS2 appears to be activated by loss of RIN4, as a RIN4 knockout mutation is lethal ...
Replacing Traditional SDS-PAGE and Bradford Techniques
... In order to shorten development times, expression and purification experiments to optimize production of a particular protein are run in parallel, resulting in a large number of samples to be analyzed [1]. To enable crystallization of proteins to provide structural information, the proteins need to ...
... In order to shorten development times, expression and purification experiments to optimize production of a particular protein are run in parallel, resulting in a large number of samples to be analyzed [1]. To enable crystallization of proteins to provide structural information, the proteins need to ...
6 II. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS A. Peptide bond
... • This indirect process, although routinely used to obtain the amino acid sequences of proteins, has the limitations of not being able to predict the positions of disulfide bonds in the folded chain and of not identifying any amino acids that are modified after their incorporation into the polypepti ...
... • This indirect process, although routinely used to obtain the amino acid sequences of proteins, has the limitations of not being able to predict the positions of disulfide bonds in the folded chain and of not identifying any amino acids that are modified after their incorporation into the polypepti ...
Coarse-Grained Modeling of ProteinDynamics
... indicate a significant increase in the number of studies that rely on CG simulations (based on publication statistics over the last decade) (Takada 2012). This significant rise is perhaps related to a growing number of experimentally solved structures of large biomolecules (or their complexes), too ...
... indicate a significant increase in the number of studies that rely on CG simulations (based on publication statistics over the last decade) (Takada 2012). This significant rise is perhaps related to a growing number of experimentally solved structures of large biomolecules (or their complexes), too ...
Exploration of the Dynamic Properties of Protein Complexes
... reversible and the proteins are expressed in their natural context. In this study, we describe a method that extracts this valuable information in the form of predicted conformations, allowing the user to explore the conformational landscape, to search for structures that correlate with an activity ...
... reversible and the proteins are expressed in their natural context. In this study, we describe a method that extracts this valuable information in the form of predicted conformations, allowing the user to explore the conformational landscape, to search for structures that correlate with an activity ...
The in vitro catalysis of protein folding by endoplasmic reticulum
... prolyl peptide bonds (4). Isomerisations of Xaa-Pro peptide bonds have been identified as slow steps in in v i m folding of some proteins ( 5 ) . Nascent proteins are presumably all fruns polypeptide chains and cis Xaa-Pro peptide bonds are common under native conditions (6); this suggests a role fo ...
... prolyl peptide bonds (4). Isomerisations of Xaa-Pro peptide bonds have been identified as slow steps in in v i m folding of some proteins ( 5 ) . Nascent proteins are presumably all fruns polypeptide chains and cis Xaa-Pro peptide bonds are common under native conditions (6); this suggests a role fo ...
SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also known as SARS, is a new and mysterious disease affecting thousands of people currently worldwide. Although little is currently known about the disease, breakthroughs occur on a daily basis concerning SARS. The disease is caused by a virus that invades the lung ...
... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also known as SARS, is a new and mysterious disease affecting thousands of people currently worldwide. Although little is currently known about the disease, breakthroughs occur on a daily basis concerning SARS. The disease is caused by a virus that invades the lung ...
Classification and substrate head-group specificity of membrane
... some Δ6 desaturases utilize acyl-PC substrates, whereas the elongases at the next step utilize acyl-CoA substrates [20]. Thus, for acyl-PC-specific Δ6 desaturases, the product of the Δ6 desaturation has to be converted into an acyl-CoA molecule by an acyltransferase, which limits the metabolic flux i ...
... some Δ6 desaturases utilize acyl-PC substrates, whereas the elongases at the next step utilize acyl-CoA substrates [20]. Thus, for acyl-PC-specific Δ6 desaturases, the product of the Δ6 desaturation has to be converted into an acyl-CoA molecule by an acyltransferase, which limits the metabolic flux i ...
EXPLORE ALL BINDING SITE SIMILARITIES INCLUDING
... sites into a relational database, (3) providing advanced data MEDP-SiteClassifier is a powerful biostructural data repository mining interface to analyze clusters and interfamily links in term of for molecular biologists and medicinal chemists to mine any local conserved SCF (Structural Chemical Fea ...
... sites into a relational database, (3) providing advanced data MEDP-SiteClassifier is a powerful biostructural data repository mining interface to analyze clusters and interfamily links in term of for molecular biologists and medicinal chemists to mine any local conserved SCF (Structural Chemical Fea ...
Homology modeling
Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the ""target"" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein (the ""template""). Homology modeling relies on the identification of one or more known protein structures likely to resemble the structure of the query sequence, and on the production of an alignment that maps residues in the query sequence to residues in the template sequence. It has been shown that protein structures are more conserved than protein sequences amongst homologues, but sequences falling below a 20% sequence identity can have very different structure.Evolutionarily related proteins have similar sequences and naturally occurring homologous proteins have similar protein structure.It has been shown that three-dimensional protein structure is evolutionarily more conserved than would be expected on the basis of sequence conservation alone.The sequence alignment and template structure are then used to produce a structural model of the target. Because protein structures are more conserved than DNA sequences, detectable levels of sequence similarity usually imply significant structural similarity.The quality of the homology model is dependent on the quality of the sequence alignment and template structure. The approach can be complicated by the presence of alignment gaps (commonly called indels) that indicate a structural region present in the target but not in the template, and by structure gaps in the template that arise from poor resolution in the experimental procedure (usually X-ray crystallography) used to solve the structure. Model quality declines with decreasing sequence identity; a typical model has ~1–2 Å root mean square deviation between the matched Cα atoms at 70% sequence identity but only 2–4 Å agreement at 25% sequence identity. However, the errors are significantly higher in the loop regions, where the amino acid sequences of the target and template proteins may be completely different.Regions of the model that were constructed without a template, usually by loop modeling, are generally much less accurate than the rest of the model. Errors in side chain packing and position also increase with decreasing identity, and variations in these packing configurations have been suggested as a major reason for poor model quality at low identity. Taken together, these various atomic-position errors are significant and impede the use of homology models for purposes that require atomic-resolution data, such as drug design and protein–protein interaction predictions; even the quaternary structure of a protein may be difficult to predict from homology models of its subunit(s). Nevertheless, homology models can be useful in reaching qualitative conclusions about the biochemistry of the query sequence, especially in formulating hypotheses about why certain residues are conserved, which may in turn lead to experiments to test those hypotheses. For example, the spatial arrangement of conserved residues may suggest whether a particular residue is conserved to stabilize the folding, to participate in binding some small molecule, or to foster association with another protein or nucleic acid. Homology modeling can produce high-quality structural models when the target and template are closely related, which has inspired the formation of a structural genomics consortium dedicated to the production of representative experimental structures for all classes of protein folds. The chief inaccuracies in homology modeling, which worsen with lower sequence identity, derive from errors in the initial sequence alignment and from improper template selection. Like other methods of structure prediction, current practice in homology modeling is assessed in a biennial large-scale experiment known as the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction, or CASP.