Contributions to the Understanding of the Neural Bases of
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... the cell, typically causing bursts of action potentials (Larkum et al., 1999; Stuart et al., 1997a). The output activity of the cell is an alternative mechanism through which each dendrite could influence learning in the other dendrite. Ryder and Favorov (2001) present such a model. The activity in ...
... the cell, typically causing bursts of action potentials (Larkum et al., 1999; Stuart et al., 1997a). The output activity of the cell is an alternative mechanism through which each dendrite could influence learning in the other dendrite. Ryder and Favorov (2001) present such a model. The activity in ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... parahippocampal cortical regions of the “medial temporal lobe”, is an important component of the memory system. More recently it has been discovered that in the human brain this cortex undergoes severe neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia or temporal lobe epilepsy, and int ...
... parahippocampal cortical regions of the “medial temporal lobe”, is an important component of the memory system. More recently it has been discovered that in the human brain this cortex undergoes severe neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia or temporal lobe epilepsy, and int ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
... 1997; Knight and Nakada 1998). This suggests that some portion of the neural activity evoked by these stimuli is not observed using fMRI. In a previous study (Clark et al. 1998), we introduced a method for performing event-related fMRI using multiple regression, which has shown greater sensitivity t ...
Study on Future of Artificial Intelligence in Neural Network
... speed in an apportioned manned.ANNS can be called as information processing which consists of large connected elements where the structure is exhilarated from architecture of cerebral cortex of the brain. There are two types of ANNS: 4.1. Feed Forward Networks: In this the data flows along the conne ...
... speed in an apportioned manned.ANNS can be called as information processing which consists of large connected elements where the structure is exhilarated from architecture of cerebral cortex of the brain. There are two types of ANNS: 4.1. Feed Forward Networks: In this the data flows along the conne ...
Visual speech circuits in profound acquired
... we assessed the impact of acquired deafness on the brain network related to speechreading and teased apart cortical areas with responses showing long-term reorganization, i.e. time-dependent plasticity over 4^48 months of deafness, from those expressing compensation, i.e. performance-related activit ...
... we assessed the impact of acquired deafness on the brain network related to speechreading and teased apart cortical areas with responses showing long-term reorganization, i.e. time-dependent plasticity over 4^48 months of deafness, from those expressing compensation, i.e. performance-related activit ...
Predicting Activation Across Individuals with Resting
... paradigm. We evaluated the accuracy of the activation prediction by leave-oneout cross validation across 40 subjects. During each prediction by label fusion, we chose one contrast, and predicted the Z-score on a hold-out target subject. The prediction was performed by label-fusion from the Z-scores ...
... paradigm. We evaluated the accuracy of the activation prediction by leave-oneout cross validation across 40 subjects. During each prediction by label fusion, we chose one contrast, and predicted the Z-score on a hold-out target subject. The prediction was performed by label-fusion from the Z-scores ...
Neural Darwinism
... as well as via more complex arrangements seen in the connections among the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Gerfen, 1992; Edelman, 1989). Reentry is adynamic process that is inherently parallel and distributed. Although it can occur within a single map, reentry usually involves correlative sig ...
... as well as via more complex arrangements seen in the connections among the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Gerfen, 1992; Edelman, 1989). Reentry is adynamic process that is inherently parallel and distributed. Although it can occur within a single map, reentry usually involves correlative sig ...
Drivers and modulators from push-pull and balanced synaptic input
... conductance changes and levels of noise, the synaptic inputs were in a configuration in which excitation approximately balanced inhibition. In particular, to simulate typical in vivo conditions, excitatory inputs were generated at a rate of 7000 Hz and inhibitory inputs at a rate of 3000 Hz, represe ...
... conductance changes and levels of noise, the synaptic inputs were in a configuration in which excitation approximately balanced inhibition. In particular, to simulate typical in vivo conditions, excitatory inputs were generated at a rate of 7000 Hz and inhibitory inputs at a rate of 3000 Hz, represe ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... 2012). Recent behavioral analyses in 22q11DS patients indicate that distinct aspects of executive function, some of which may engage behavioral mechanisms and frontal cortical areas similar to those used for reversal tasks in mice, are selectively compromised (Shashi et al. 2010; Shapiro et al. 2013 ...
... 2012). Recent behavioral analyses in 22q11DS patients indicate that distinct aspects of executive function, some of which may engage behavioral mechanisms and frontal cortical areas similar to those used for reversal tasks in mice, are selectively compromised (Shashi et al. 2010; Shapiro et al. 2013 ...
storyboards
... Movement in the body is controlled by the brain. Working in conjunction with motor neurons (neurons that connect to muscles), the brain sends signals to muscles to contract. A combination of these signals results in either a wanted movement or the stopping of an unwanted movement. ...
... Movement in the body is controlled by the brain. Working in conjunction with motor neurons (neurons that connect to muscles), the brain sends signals to muscles to contract. A combination of these signals results in either a wanted movement or the stopping of an unwanted movement. ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... sound) to another (e.g., vision), explaining a more abstract concept in terms of more concrete sensory-motor concepts, and imitation of visually perceived events to generate a similar motion are all good examples where a broader definition of analogy can be applied, and where cortical integration is ...
... sound) to another (e.g., vision), explaining a more abstract concept in terms of more concrete sensory-motor concepts, and imitation of visually perceived events to generate a similar motion are all good examples where a broader definition of analogy can be applied, and where cortical integration is ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... hippocampal neurons primarily within the hilar region of the dentate gyrus, whereas CA1–3 was much less involved (16). The same study showed that most of the neuronal degeneration was complete by 7 days after pilocarpine-induced seizures. In the present study, histologic assessment using cresyl viol ...
... hippocampal neurons primarily within the hilar region of the dentate gyrus, whereas CA1–3 was much less involved (16). The same study showed that most of the neuronal degeneration was complete by 7 days after pilocarpine-induced seizures. In the present study, histologic assessment using cresyl viol ...
A functional magnetic resonance study
... In this study, one finding showed increased FCs in depressed subjects between pgACC with the left parahippocampus gyrus, parietal lobe and frontal lobe. Another finding showed decreased FCs in depressed subjects between thalamus with right precuneus and right cingulate gyrus. The earlier two studies ...
... In this study, one finding showed increased FCs in depressed subjects between pgACC with the left parahippocampus gyrus, parietal lobe and frontal lobe. Another finding showed decreased FCs in depressed subjects between thalamus with right precuneus and right cingulate gyrus. The earlier two studies ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... Stereopsis is traditionally defined as the perception of depth based on small positional differences, known as retinal disparities. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys showed that there is a widespread distribution of retinal disparity sensitive cells throughout many cortical areas of nonhuman prim ...
... Stereopsis is traditionally defined as the perception of depth based on small positional differences, known as retinal disparities. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys showed that there is a widespread distribution of retinal disparity sensitive cells throughout many cortical areas of nonhuman prim ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... the distribution of receptive field size was not random. There was a greater incidence of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second regio ...
... the distribution of receptive field size was not random. There was a greater incidence of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second regio ...
Safety Alert: Diathermy (Therapeutic Ultrasound)
... Safety Alert: Diathermy (Therapeutic Ultrasound) DO NOT use or receive shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy (all now referred to as diathermy) once you are implanted with any type of Medtronic neurostimulation system. Diathermy treatments are used by a variety ...
... Safety Alert: Diathermy (Therapeutic Ultrasound) DO NOT use or receive shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy (all now referred to as diathermy) once you are implanted with any type of Medtronic neurostimulation system. Diathermy treatments are used by a variety ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, most notable the medial [pre]frontal cortex [(MPFC)] and temporo-parietal junction [(TPJ)]’’ (Frith and Frith, 2000). Since then ...
... empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, most notable the medial [pre]frontal cortex [(MPFC)] and temporo-parietal junction [(TPJ)]’’ (Frith and Frith, 2000). Since then ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... (FIG. 2a); because short-term synaptic plasticity is often of the same magnitude as long-term plasticity 34, it should have significant effects on local neural computations. Thus, in the same manner that long-term potentiation provides a long-lasting memory of coincident pre- and postsynaptic activi ...
... (FIG. 2a); because short-term synaptic plasticity is often of the same magnitude as long-term plasticity 34, it should have significant effects on local neural computations. Thus, in the same manner that long-term potentiation provides a long-lasting memory of coincident pre- and postsynaptic activi ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... In this first experiment, we wanted to make inferences about the generalization of rule-selection, across 2 rule modalities—color and height. We also wanted to study action-selection without reference to one of these rules. Lastly, we wanted to study the effects of different numbers of response opti ...
... In this first experiment, we wanted to make inferences about the generalization of rule-selection, across 2 rule modalities—color and height. We also wanted to study action-selection without reference to one of these rules. Lastly, we wanted to study the effects of different numbers of response opti ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... their inputs. However, if circuitry in prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain often implicated in cognitive processing, is the same as that in any other cortical region, how could it perform such a complex function as human mentation? A study of the literature reveals an alternative viewpoint, t ...
... their inputs. However, if circuitry in prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain often implicated in cognitive processing, is the same as that in any other cortical region, how could it perform such a complex function as human mentation? A study of the literature reveals an alternative viewpoint, t ...
Brain Organization and Handedness
... peculiar cross-wiring is but one of the brain’s many surprises. Inside the brainstem, between your ears, lies the reticular (“netlike”) formation, a finger-shaped network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord right up to the thalamus. As the spinal cord’s sensory input travels up to the thala ...
... peculiar cross-wiring is but one of the brain’s many surprises. Inside the brainstem, between your ears, lies the reticular (“netlike”) formation, a finger-shaped network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord right up to the thalamus. As the spinal cord’s sensory input travels up to the thala ...
Vertebrate brains and evolutionary connectomics: on the origins of
... and early-twentieth centuries relied almost completely upon non-experimental descriptive studies which severely limited the prospect of deciphering the wiring diagram of the nonmammalian brain, much less the physiological operations of these animals. It was largely based on examination of various an ...
... and early-twentieth centuries relied almost completely upon non-experimental descriptive studies which severely limited the prospect of deciphering the wiring diagram of the nonmammalian brain, much less the physiological operations of these animals. It was largely based on examination of various an ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... 0.36–1.49 mm2, using a ×20 objective lens. The size of the area examined was constrained by the extent of flatness within the region. This was frequently too small to allow for random sampling with a grid. Therefore, rather than employ an unbiased sampling procedure, we instead measured all the avai ...
... 0.36–1.49 mm2, using a ×20 objective lens. The size of the area examined was constrained by the extent of flatness within the region. This was frequently too small to allow for random sampling with a grid. Therefore, rather than employ an unbiased sampling procedure, we instead measured all the avai ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.