Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex as a Cause of Mental
... When migration is complete, the cortex is a sixlayered structure, with each layer comprising different types of neurons that form discrete connections within the CNS and perform distinct functions. The abnormalities that primarily affect proliferation are usually associated with an alteration in bot ...
... When migration is complete, the cortex is a sixlayered structure, with each layer comprising different types of neurons that form discrete connections within the CNS and perform distinct functions. The abnormalities that primarily affect proliferation are usually associated with an alteration in bot ...
Brain and Behavior
... One-Minute Motivator 2.1: Firing of the Neuron To conceptualize the firing of the neuron, students often need analogies to concrete objects. Possible analogies include: a radio, a telephone, a fax machine, a stereo system, the process of sending mail, etc. The analogy must be developed carefully: It ...
... One-Minute Motivator 2.1: Firing of the Neuron To conceptualize the firing of the neuron, students often need analogies to concrete objects. Possible analogies include: a radio, a telephone, a fax machine, a stereo system, the process of sending mail, etc. The analogy must be developed carefully: It ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... Huerta1 is superimposed over the SC. Central vision is represented rostrolaterally: + denotes the upper field, − denotes the lower field. Left is medial (m), up is rostral (r). (B–E) Photomicrographs of the case 1 injection sites in coronal sections through the SC and pulvinar. Injection cores can b ...
... Huerta1 is superimposed over the SC. Central vision is represented rostrolaterally: + denotes the upper field, − denotes the lower field. Left is medial (m), up is rostral (r). (B–E) Photomicrographs of the case 1 injection sites in coronal sections through the SC and pulvinar. Injection cores can b ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describe cortical types quantitatively (Dombrowski et al. 2001). As novel markers are introduced, investig ...
... of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describe cortical types quantitatively (Dombrowski et al. 2001). As novel markers are introduced, investig ...
Full Text
... by the neural layers that are free from anatomical constraints required for the representation of the configuration itself (35). Therefore, the illusions can be an outcome of higher level neural activities that realize a set of computational processes. In other words, the common perceptual processes ...
... by the neural layers that are free from anatomical constraints required for the representation of the configuration itself (35). Therefore, the illusions can be an outcome of higher level neural activities that realize a set of computational processes. In other words, the common perceptual processes ...
Cerebrum - CM
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): • Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): • Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement • Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input ...
... • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex (continued): • Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): • Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement • Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input ...
Representation of the Visual Field in the Human Occipital Cortex
... To assess the accuracy of the Holmes map4 and a revised map,6 the location of the lesion in each patient was predicted using the 2 maps based on the patient’s visual field defect. We then compared the predicted location of the lesion with its actual location on MRI to assess the compatibility betwee ...
... To assess the accuracy of the Holmes map4 and a revised map,6 the location of the lesion in each patient was predicted using the 2 maps based on the patient’s visual field defect. We then compared the predicted location of the lesion with its actual location on MRI to assess the compatibility betwee ...
Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic
... (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.005), prefrontal (left: p = 0.010, right: p = 0.014), occipital (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.023), and right prem ...
... (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.005), prefrontal (left: p = 0.010, right: p = 0.014), occipital (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.023), and right prem ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... in the monkey from the point of view of its electrophysiological features. As for other features, the presence of the movement-related neurons was defined (71) as active due to the occurrence of some sensory signals. ...
... in the monkey from the point of view of its electrophysiological features. As for other features, the presence of the movement-related neurons was defined (71) as active due to the occurrence of some sensory signals. ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
Transient Storage of a Tactile Memory Trace in Primary
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
Chapter 11: The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
... Sound from left side, activity in left cochlear nucleus, sent to superior olive Sound reaches right ear, activity in right cochlear nucleus, first impulse far Impulses reach olivary neuron at the same time summation action potential Localization of Sound in Vertical Plane Sweeping curves of outer ...
... Sound from left side, activity in left cochlear nucleus, sent to superior olive Sound reaches right ear, activity in right cochlear nucleus, first impulse far Impulses reach olivary neuron at the same time summation action potential Localization of Sound in Vertical Plane Sweeping curves of outer ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... great apes (including humans) (Hackett et al., 2001). These fields are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. ...
... great apes (including humans) (Hackett et al., 2001). These fields are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. ...
AHD The Telencephalon R. Altman 4-03
... – Thalamocortical/corticothalamic fibers (collectively called the anterior thalamic radiations) that interconnect the dorsomedial and anterior thalamic nuclei with areas of the frontal lobe and the cingulate gyrus. – Frontopontine fibers, especially those from the prefrontal areas. ...
... – Thalamocortical/corticothalamic fibers (collectively called the anterior thalamic radiations) that interconnect the dorsomedial and anterior thalamic nuclei with areas of the frontal lobe and the cingulate gyrus. – Frontopontine fibers, especially those from the prefrontal areas. ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... at different time intervals before the scanning session (1 h, 6 h and 3 days). This allowed us to track the effects of time on experience-related changes in more detail than we were able to do in our previous study. In addition, we measured event-related responses to objects that had been named thre ...
... at different time intervals before the scanning session (1 h, 6 h and 3 days). This allowed us to track the effects of time on experience-related changes in more detail than we were able to do in our previous study. In addition, we measured event-related responses to objects that had been named thre ...
Generation of Rapid Eye Movements during Paradoxical Sleep in
... Polysomnographic recordings were scored using standard criteria (Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968). In addition to the presence of REMs, PS was always easily recognized by the low-voltage rapid activity on EEG recording as well as by muscular atonia and twitches. To facilitate the comparison with the d ...
... Polysomnographic recordings were scored using standard criteria (Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968). In addition to the presence of REMs, PS was always easily recognized by the low-voltage rapid activity on EEG recording as well as by muscular atonia and twitches. To facilitate the comparison with the d ...
PDF preprint - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Siegel & Jarvik, 1975). The images do not move with the eyes and sometimes are fixed i ...
... pressure on the eyeballs (Tyler, 1978), in “near death” experiences (Blackmore, 1992), and most strikingly, shortly after taking hallucinogens containing ingredients such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline, or psilocybin (Siegel & Jarvik, 1975). The images do not move with the eyes and sometimes are fixed i ...
Spike Train - CMU Statistics
... In probability and statistics, irregular sequences of event times are modeled as point processes. If we start at time t = 0 and let X1 , X2 , .P . . be a sequence of random variables representing the ISIs, then the time of the jth spike is given by Sj = ji=1 Xi and the sequence S1 , S2 , . . . forms ...
... In probability and statistics, irregular sequences of event times are modeled as point processes. If we start at time t = 0 and let X1 , X2 , .P . . be a sequence of random variables representing the ISIs, then the time of the jth spike is given by Sj = ji=1 Xi and the sequence S1 , S2 , . . . forms ...
12 - Chemistry
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
Chapter 17 Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of Normal and Abnormal
... with a high enough frequency, or transition to an ictal event, then the increase in Hbr persists and a localized BOLD signal is not observed (Fig. 17.8). There are several implications to this discovery. First, it directly contradicts most fMRI studies of epileptiform events, which have generally s ...
... with a high enough frequency, or transition to an ictal event, then the increase in Hbr persists and a localized BOLD signal is not observed (Fig. 17.8). There are several implications to this discovery. First, it directly contradicts most fMRI studies of epileptiform events, which have generally s ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
... Intralaminar nuclei: the internal medullary lamina splits and encloses groups of cells (Arousal, awareness, and emotional pain responses) It can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease 1. Centromedian nucleus (CM): large, round nucleus located medial to the VPL/VPM ...
... Intralaminar nuclei: the internal medullary lamina splits and encloses groups of cells (Arousal, awareness, and emotional pain responses) It can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease 1. Centromedian nucleus (CM): large, round nucleus located medial to the VPL/VPM ...
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood
... apparent diffusion coefficients did not exhibit parallel changes and there was no evidence of BBB permeability to tracers. The cerebral ventricles enlarged progressively in the weeks following kaolin injection. In hydrocephalic rats, the dorsal cortex was more dense and the white matter less so, ind ...
... apparent diffusion coefficients did not exhibit parallel changes and there was no evidence of BBB permeability to tracers. The cerebral ventricles enlarged progressively in the weeks following kaolin injection. In hydrocephalic rats, the dorsal cortex was more dense and the white matter less so, ind ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... 20⫻ confocal images using automations made in OpenLab software (Improvision). Quantification of Gad67-GFP and Lhx6 cells was performed on sagittal sections using a grid of 0.04 mm 2 (Gad67-GFP) or 0.017 mm 2 (Lhx6) quadrants. Due to high variability between different animals, cell counts inside PV h ...
... 20⫻ confocal images using automations made in OpenLab software (Improvision). Quantification of Gad67-GFP and Lhx6 cells was performed on sagittal sections using a grid of 0.04 mm 2 (Gad67-GFP) or 0.017 mm 2 (Lhx6) quadrants. Due to high variability between different animals, cell counts inside PV h ...
The Central Visual System
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.