Carbon sequestration - University of Idaho
... Carbon offset credits could initially be offered at trees so that they may continue to burn fossil fuels wholesale levels for $6 per ton, of which $3 would go essentially transfers carbon stored deep in the earth to the landowner/manager for production of the credit. into carbon dangling above its s ...
... Carbon offset credits could initially be offered at trees so that they may continue to burn fossil fuels wholesale levels for $6 per ton, of which $3 would go essentially transfers carbon stored deep in the earth to the landowner/manager for production of the credit. into carbon dangling above its s ...
B.Cicin-Sain PPT-Mon..
... Adopt stringent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, including from marine industries such as shipping, within a short timeframe; Support additional research on quantifying the amounts of carbon stored and released by marine and coastal ecosystems (“Blue Carbon”), take measures to protect and res ...
... Adopt stringent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, including from marine industries such as shipping, within a short timeframe; Support additional research on quantifying the amounts of carbon stored and released by marine and coastal ecosystems (“Blue Carbon”), take measures to protect and res ...
Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels and Forest Management
... of about 280 parts per million to roughly 380 parts per million in 2005. Levels have been increasing by about 1 to 2 parts per million a year since instrumental measurements began in 1958 (Figure 1). Because of ongoing contributions from human activity, levels are expected to continue rising in the ...
... of about 280 parts per million to roughly 380 parts per million in 2005. Levels have been increasing by about 1 to 2 parts per million a year since instrumental measurements began in 1958 (Figure 1). Because of ongoing contributions from human activity, levels are expected to continue rising in the ...
Workshops
... c. A closer examination of the distribution of the ocean carbon sink between the Southern Ocean and southern hemisphere temperate ocean, which is critical to the result giving a low CO2 fertilization sink in the tropics. d. The need to do carbon inventories in the Amazon, particularly given that th ...
... c. A closer examination of the distribution of the ocean carbon sink between the Southern Ocean and southern hemisphere temperate ocean, which is critical to the result giving a low CO2 fertilization sink in the tropics. d. The need to do carbon inventories in the Amazon, particularly given that th ...
A geophysiologist`s thoughts on geoengineering
... is little chance that tree planting could keep pace. Forest clearance has direct climate consequences through water cycling and atmospheric albedo change and is also responsible for much of the CO2 emissions. Agriculture in total has climatic effects comparable to those caused by fossil fuel combust ...
... is little chance that tree planting could keep pace. Forest clearance has direct climate consequences through water cycling and atmospheric albedo change and is also responsible for much of the CO2 emissions. Agriculture in total has climatic effects comparable to those caused by fossil fuel combust ...
Applications and skills
... There is a correlation between rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide since the start of the industrial revolution 200 years ago and average global temperatures. Ozone depletion ≠ enhanced greenhouse effect Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are largely due to increase ...
... There is a correlation between rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide since the start of the industrial revolution 200 years ago and average global temperatures. Ozone depletion ≠ enhanced greenhouse effect Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are largely due to increase ...
A Decade of Synthesis and Modeling in the U.S. Joint Global Ocean
... differentially contribute to vertical export flux. Mongin et al. (2006) adopt a flexiblecomposition structure to model plankton dynamics at the KERFIX site, including independent formulations for iron, carbon, nitrogen and silica. One outcome of including iron limitation in this an other models is t ...
... differentially contribute to vertical export flux. Mongin et al. (2006) adopt a flexiblecomposition structure to model plankton dynamics at the KERFIX site, including independent formulations for iron, carbon, nitrogen and silica. One outcome of including iron limitation in this an other models is t ...
Greenhouse Gases and Farming Livestock
... * Net emissions calculated by Carbon Farming Group and Overseer® carbon calculators, includes nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) Footnote: The GHG emissions shown in the Figure were calculated using the online Carbon Farming Group calculator (www.carbonfarming.org.nz). Calculations provided by O ...
... * Net emissions calculated by Carbon Farming Group and Overseer® carbon calculators, includes nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) Footnote: The GHG emissions shown in the Figure were calculated using the online Carbon Farming Group calculator (www.carbonfarming.org.nz). Calculations provided by O ...
Report on oceans
... to ocean ecosystems in the Paris Agreement, and to the UNFCCC and the IPCC for their decisions to commission two special reports on “Climate change and oceans and the cryosphere” and on “Impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C”. The results of these reports are of critical importance for the wellbeing o ...
... to ocean ecosystems in the Paris Agreement, and to the UNFCCC and the IPCC for their decisions to commission two special reports on “Climate change and oceans and the cryosphere” and on “Impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C”. The results of these reports are of critical importance for the wellbeing o ...
The Oceans, the Atmosphere and Climate Change - EUR
... as energy, take up inorganic nutrients in the sea, transform CO2 into organic carbon for grow and release oxygen, through a process known as photosynthesis. Eventually phytoplankton dies and sinks contributing to the vertical transport of carbon towards deeper layers of the ocean and its accumulatio ...
... as energy, take up inorganic nutrients in the sea, transform CO2 into organic carbon for grow and release oxygen, through a process known as photosynthesis. Eventually phytoplankton dies and sinks contributing to the vertical transport of carbon towards deeper layers of the ocean and its accumulatio ...
Ocean acidification: the little-known impact of CO2 emissions
... further concrete actions by governments, he added. There has been a 26 per cent1 increase in ocean acidity since pre-industrial levels as a result of the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, and the current rate of ocean acidification is over ten times faster than that of any other period in the last ...
... further concrete actions by governments, he added. There has been a 26 per cent1 increase in ocean acidity since pre-industrial levels as a result of the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, and the current rate of ocean acidification is over ten times faster than that of any other period in the last ...
Traveling in Time through Climate History - Max-Planck
... Of particular interest to the scientists is the transition from a cold to a warm period some 12,000 years ago, because in just a few millennia, carbon dioxide levels increased by almost a third, climbing from 0.19 per mil to 0.27 per mil. Brovkin and his team managed to simulate this change fairly c ...
... Of particular interest to the scientists is the transition from a cold to a warm period some 12,000 years ago, because in just a few millennia, carbon dioxide levels increased by almost a third, climbing from 0.19 per mil to 0.27 per mil. Brovkin and his team managed to simulate this change fairly c ...
schedule of events. - Marine Biological Association
... account for ~50% of global net primary productivity. However, the export efficiency of phytoplankton and their ecological roles are strongly determined by their sizes, which range over 9 orders of magnitude by volume. Therefore, methods of estimating the primary production of different phytoplankton ...
... account for ~50% of global net primary productivity. However, the export efficiency of phytoplankton and their ecological roles are strongly determined by their sizes, which range over 9 orders of magnitude by volume. Therefore, methods of estimating the primary production of different phytoplankton ...
April Cover.qxd - KNAW Research Portal
... phytoplankton cells are often relatively low. Conversely, when P is limiting but light and inorganic C are in ample supply, intracellular C:P ratios can become very high (Figure 1). Although the C-to-nutrient stoichiometry of autotrophs may vary widely, many heterotrophic organisms tend to keep thei ...
... phytoplankton cells are often relatively low. Conversely, when P is limiting but light and inorganic C are in ample supply, intracellular C:P ratios can become very high (Figure 1). Although the C-to-nutrient stoichiometry of autotrophs may vary widely, many heterotrophic organisms tend to keep thei ...
Ocean Iron Fertilization, Climate Change, and the International
... photosynthetic activity could potentially absorb enough heattrapping carbon dioxide to help cool the atmosphere of the In practice, this strategy requires spreading iron Earth.24 particles in ocean areas where iron exists in such low concentrations that its absence limits phytoplankton growth.25 The ...
... photosynthetic activity could potentially absorb enough heattrapping carbon dioxide to help cool the atmosphere of the In practice, this strategy requires spreading iron Earth.24 particles in ocean areas where iron exists in such low concentrations that its absence limits phytoplankton growth.25 The ...
Climate and economics
... 4. Uneven distribution of costs, poor countries likely most effected. 5. Market failure, global policy coordination needed, global tax likely to be best. R&D policy likely to be needed too. 6. Optimal tax is modest, no threat to growth. 7. Conventional oil is not the problem, coal and unconventional ...
... 4. Uneven distribution of costs, poor countries likely most effected. 5. Market failure, global policy coordination needed, global tax likely to be best. R&D policy likely to be needed too. 6. Optimal tax is modest, no threat to growth. 7. Conventional oil is not the problem, coal and unconventional ...
news and views
... plants4,5, suggesting that this rule is very general, if not universal. If all the individuals in a given size class do indeed use energy at the same rate as all the individuals that make up other size classes, this is an important feature of ecological organization that begs a mechanism. So far, it ...
... plants4,5, suggesting that this rule is very general, if not universal. If all the individuals in a given size class do indeed use energy at the same rate as all the individuals that make up other size classes, this is an important feature of ecological organization that begs a mechanism. So far, it ...
Document
... overrides the saltiness in governing density, so that the warm surface water regions coincide with buoyant (less dense) water. In polar regions buoyancy of the surface layer is mainly a consequence of the freshness of the surface water. Deep cold waters derive their properties at the sea surface dur ...
... overrides the saltiness in governing density, so that the warm surface water regions coincide with buoyant (less dense) water. In polar regions buoyancy of the surface layer is mainly a consequence of the freshness of the surface water. Deep cold waters derive their properties at the sea surface dur ...
- US CLIVAR
... • EBUS can therefore be characterized as both resilient (quick recovery from disturbances) and robust (maintenance of ecosystem function and relatively high productivity) to natural climate variability • However, the scale of future responses to anthropogenic climate change may be beyond the histo ...
... • EBUS can therefore be characterized as both resilient (quick recovery from disturbances) and robust (maintenance of ecosystem function and relatively high productivity) to natural climate variability • However, the scale of future responses to anthropogenic climate change may be beyond the histo ...
1 The footprints of climate change throughout geologic history show
... by computer modeling to decrease ocean temperatures at depths of 2000 feet for as long as a century. Sequences of many such large explosive eruptions per century are observed, over tens of thousands of years, to cool the ocean and the world incrementally into ice-age conditions. 2. Sudden global war ...
... by computer modeling to decrease ocean temperatures at depths of 2000 feet for as long as a century. Sequences of many such large explosive eruptions per century are observed, over tens of thousands of years, to cool the ocean and the world incrementally into ice-age conditions. 2. Sudden global war ...
Lesson Plan - Talk About Trees
... where carbon is released or made available for chemical reaction. Some examples of carbon sinks are forests, soil, and the ocean. A sink may be temporary. Carbon sinks can turn into carbon sources; for example, fossil fuels are sinks while they are buried in the Earth and wood is a sink. When the fo ...
... where carbon is released or made available for chemical reaction. Some examples of carbon sinks are forests, soil, and the ocean. A sink may be temporary. Carbon sinks can turn into carbon sources; for example, fossil fuels are sinks while they are buried in the Earth and wood is a sink. When the fo ...
Turfgrass Carbon Sequestration
... grasslands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and turfgrasses in the U.S. alone result in 20 million tons of carbon being removed from the atmosphere each year! Rapid urbanization is causing the acreage in turfgrasses to increase even more, which ensures that the total amount of CO2 sequeste ...
... grasslands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and turfgrasses in the U.S. alone result in 20 million tons of carbon being removed from the atmosphere each year! Rapid urbanization is causing the acreage in turfgrasses to increase even more, which ensures that the total amount of CO2 sequeste ...
research news - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
... climate change, and scientists working with Victor Brovkin are not concerned with that period of history – although it represents the longest period by far, at almost 4.6 billion years. It is necessary to give a brief overview of the period in order to demonstrate the complexity of climate history. ...
... climate change, and scientists working with Victor Brovkin are not concerned with that period of history – although it represents the longest period by far, at almost 4.6 billion years. It is necessary to give a brief overview of the period in order to demonstrate the complexity of climate history. ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.