Week 3 Figures ()
... gases), cause a strong temperature spike (the PETM). 7. This increased global temperature causes more water evaporation, more coastal run-off, more nutrients into the ocean. 8. This increases biological productivity which removes the CO2 from the atmosphere (the biological pump), and temperatures ‘c ...
... gases), cause a strong temperature spike (the PETM). 7. This increased global temperature causes more water evaporation, more coastal run-off, more nutrients into the ocean. 8. This increases biological productivity which removes the CO2 from the atmosphere (the biological pump), and temperatures ‘c ...
The Carbon Cycle Quantities
... the systems diagram that you would not get by looking only at individual relationships within the system? • Which discipline or disciplines are contribute the most to your current understanding of The Carbon Cycle, and which one(s) will be most instrumental in helping to increase your understanding ...
... the systems diagram that you would not get by looking only at individual relationships within the system? • Which discipline or disciplines are contribute the most to your current understanding of The Carbon Cycle, and which one(s) will be most instrumental in helping to increase your understanding ...
Fish & Fisheries
... tonnes of carbon annually; • Equivalent to 1.644 million tonnes of CO2; • Using the social costs of carbon we can estimate a rough value of this ecosystem service; • $148 billion per annum (range of $74 - $222 billion); • High seas fish catch value $16 billion (10 million tonnes). ...
... tonnes of carbon annually; • Equivalent to 1.644 million tonnes of CO2; • Using the social costs of carbon we can estimate a rough value of this ecosystem service; • $148 billion per annum (range of $74 - $222 billion); • High seas fish catch value $16 billion (10 million tonnes). ...
euro fact_3 WPCarbon Stores
... If the forest is managed, the harvested timber will be used to create added-value timber products which continue to store carbon. Meanwhile more trees are planted and the carbon sink effect of the forest is maintained. The total carbon stored in Europe’s forests, excluding the Russian Federation, is ...
... If the forest is managed, the harvested timber will be used to create added-value timber products which continue to store carbon. Meanwhile more trees are planted and the carbon sink effect of the forest is maintained. The total carbon stored in Europe’s forests, excluding the Russian Federation, is ...
Current Climate Change: Other Effects
... cool phase caused daytime temperatures to stay roughly constant in spite of increasing CO2, while nighttime temperature increased (Wild, Ohmura, and Makowski 2007). • This data, however, is not quite as conclusive as it might appear. The DTR is a subtraction of two datasets which have noise, and is ...
... cool phase caused daytime temperatures to stay roughly constant in spite of increasing CO2, while nighttime temperature increased (Wild, Ohmura, and Makowski 2007). • This data, however, is not quite as conclusive as it might appear. The DTR is a subtraction of two datasets which have noise, and is ...
Carbon Cycle Feedbacks - QUEST
... land and ocean contributions of future emissions of CO2. The release of carbon due to ocean warming has produced an equivalent emission that has recently increased to 0.2 Pg C per year (Figure 2). • Peatlands, which act as a terrestrial store of carbon, accumulate faster under warm conditions, and n ...
... land and ocean contributions of future emissions of CO2. The release of carbon due to ocean warming has produced an equivalent emission that has recently increased to 0.2 Pg C per year (Figure 2). • Peatlands, which act as a terrestrial store of carbon, accumulate faster under warm conditions, and n ...
Life in the Arctic Ocean
... Once the snow melts, enough light can penetrate through the ice to spur the growth of phytoplankton— very small, drifting, plantlike organisms that live in the water. They become available as food for higher organisms in the food web, the zooplankton—tiny marine animals that, in turn, are eaten by l ...
... Once the snow melts, enough light can penetrate through the ice to spur the growth of phytoplankton— very small, drifting, plantlike organisms that live in the water. They become available as food for higher organisms in the food web, the zooplankton—tiny marine animals that, in turn, are eaten by l ...
The Impacts of global Warming
... Abstract from the 17th Global Warming Conference, April, 2006. ...
... Abstract from the 17th Global Warming Conference, April, 2006. ...
Carbon cycle changes in the North Pacific
... at the moment, the outcomes of this workshop will help us to address the first two of these questions. Several complications in the North Pacific make detection of climate change difficult. High variability in the tropics, Bering Sea, and Kamatchatka regions currently hinder our interpretation of lo ...
... at the moment, the outcomes of this workshop will help us to address the first two of these questions. Several complications in the North Pacific make detection of climate change difficult. High variability in the tropics, Bering Sea, and Kamatchatka regions currently hinder our interpretation of lo ...
Global Warming- Boon or Bane
... dioxide, thus using the carbon dioxide to produce oxygen in photosynthesis and offsetting the increase in carbon dioxide. Even if the temperature does increase, scientists argue that the consequences are not exactly how other scientists would view them. Studies have shown that as temperature increas ...
... dioxide, thus using the carbon dioxide to produce oxygen in photosynthesis and offsetting the increase in carbon dioxide. Even if the temperature does increase, scientists argue that the consequences are not exactly how other scientists would view them. Studies have shown that as temperature increas ...
Addressing the rising carbon dioxide atmospheric levels
... beneath the earth and converted them back into carbon dioxide in the air. Effects of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere The increase in carbon dioxide brings the obvious issue of the greenhouse effect where the earth’s surface temperature will continue to rise. The increase of greenhou ...
... beneath the earth and converted them back into carbon dioxide in the air. Effects of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere The increase in carbon dioxide brings the obvious issue of the greenhouse effect where the earth’s surface temperature will continue to rise. The increase of greenhou ...
Iron Fertilization and International Law
... mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of the Convention 1996 Protocol One of the most important innovations is to introduce (in Article 3) what is known as the "precautionary approach". This requires that "appropriate preventative measures are taken when the ...
... mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of the Convention 1996 Protocol One of the most important innovations is to introduce (in Article 3) what is known as the "precautionary approach". This requires that "appropriate preventative measures are taken when the ...
How Do Polar Marine Ecosystems Respond to Rapid Climate
... Declines in the polar species have been re- mate, ice dynamics, and ecology. Achieving these tivity of the WAP appears to have decreased. The shift in phytoplankton biomass and size lated to decreasing sea ice cover and its possible goals will require an expanded number of ocean has direct consequen ...
... Declines in the polar species have been re- mate, ice dynamics, and ecology. Achieving these tivity of the WAP appears to have decreased. The shift in phytoplankton biomass and size lated to decreasing sea ice cover and its possible goals will require an expanded number of ocean has direct consequen ...
S7-All - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... atmosphere affecting the radiative heat balance of the earth. As a direct result of the industrial and agricultural activities of humans over the past two centuries, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased more than 100 ppm. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 is now higher than experienced o ...
... atmosphere affecting the radiative heat balance of the earth. As a direct result of the industrial and agricultural activities of humans over the past two centuries, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased more than 100 ppm. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 is now higher than experienced o ...
Carbon Sequestration in Wetlands - Minnesota Board of Water and
... CARBON SEQUESTRATION, FLUX Wetlands sequester carbon from the atmosphere through plant photosynthesis and by acting as sediment traps for runoff. Carbon is held in the living vegetation as well as in litter, peats, organic soils, and sediments that have built up, in some instances, over thousands of ...
... CARBON SEQUESTRATION, FLUX Wetlands sequester carbon from the atmosphere through plant photosynthesis and by acting as sediment traps for runoff. Carbon is held in the living vegetation as well as in litter, peats, organic soils, and sediments that have built up, in some instances, over thousands of ...
Effects of sea surface warming on marine plankton
... Ocean warming has been implicated in the observed decline of oceanic phytoplankton biomass. Some studies suggest a physical pathway of warming via stratification and nutrient flux, and others a biological effect on plankton metabolic rates; yet the relative strength and possible interaction of these ...
... Ocean warming has been implicated in the observed decline of oceanic phytoplankton biomass. Some studies suggest a physical pathway of warming via stratification and nutrient flux, and others a biological effect on plankton metabolic rates; yet the relative strength and possible interaction of these ...
Palau Declaration on The Ocean Life and Future
... our culture, our direction and our actions should reflect that truth, as it is our very identity: People of the Ocean. 2. The well-being of our Pacific people remains the central point of reference and convergence for our efforts to sustainably develop, manage and conserve our Pacific Ocean and its ...
... our culture, our direction and our actions should reflect that truth, as it is our very identity: People of the Ocean. 2. The well-being of our Pacific people remains the central point of reference and convergence for our efforts to sustainably develop, manage and conserve our Pacific Ocean and its ...
S1-all - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... activities concentrated in coastal zones can be a burden on ecosystems, many of which are under stress. Clear policies are required to maintain and/or recover ecosystem functions which are impacted by human activities. Marine organisms are generally transported or migrate over extensive areas, and t ...
... activities concentrated in coastal zones can be a burden on ecosystems, many of which are under stress. Clear policies are required to maintain and/or recover ecosystem functions which are impacted by human activities. Marine organisms are generally transported or migrate over extensive areas, and t ...
REVISED Syllabus for MSL F216 - The Oceans and Global Change
... Current Event Presentations: Each student will be responsible for making TWO short presentations about current events of relevance to the course material. The presentation should draw from a news article or recent scientific finding. Schedule your presentation with the instructor 1 week in advance, ...
... Current Event Presentations: Each student will be responsible for making TWO short presentations about current events of relevance to the course material. The presentation should draw from a news article or recent scientific finding. Schedule your presentation with the instructor 1 week in advance, ...
Our options for global C02 drawdown
... but also sequesters atmospheric carbon. Proponents say that if pyrolysis of crops, forestry and other waste was in worldwide use by 2030, 9 gigatonnes of CO2 per annum could be drawn out of the atmosphere and sequestered long term. Biochar was recognised by the Garnaut Review7 for the role it has to ...
... but also sequesters atmospheric carbon. Proponents say that if pyrolysis of crops, forestry and other waste was in worldwide use by 2030, 9 gigatonnes of CO2 per annum could be drawn out of the atmosphere and sequestered long term. Biochar was recognised by the Garnaut Review7 for the role it has to ...
Land-Sea Warming Contrast
... Land-sea warming contrast is driven physically by the local feedback and land-ocean coupling, not differences in external forcing Further studies are needed to investigate the model dependencies of these results (especially a full 3-D ocean model), the role of the three processes in producing the la ...
... Land-sea warming contrast is driven physically by the local feedback and land-ocean coupling, not differences in external forcing Further studies are needed to investigate the model dependencies of these results (especially a full 3-D ocean model), the role of the three processes in producing the la ...
1 The ocean is an important factor in determining Earth`s climate and
... COASTAL VERSUS INLAND CLIMATES Ocean currents affect not only global climate, but also regional climate. For example, coastal climates tend to be much more moderate than inland climates. Consider two cities at approximately the same latitude, one located on an ocean coast, the other located well inl ...
... COASTAL VERSUS INLAND CLIMATES Ocean currents affect not only global climate, but also regional climate. For example, coastal climates tend to be much more moderate than inland climates. Consider two cities at approximately the same latitude, one located on an ocean coast, the other located well inl ...
The Rising Seas
... They reasoned that this connection between iron and plant “sink” for this gas. growth, if it indeed operated the same way in the ocean, would The carbon dioxide dissolves in the shallow layers of the ocean, have profound consequences. For example, it could explain why where, thankfully, it cannot co ...
... They reasoned that this connection between iron and plant “sink” for this gas. growth, if it indeed operated the same way in the ocean, would The carbon dioxide dissolves in the shallow layers of the ocean, have profound consequences. For example, it could explain why where, thankfully, it cannot co ...
Lab - El Camino College
... changes as the water mixes with neighboring water or via other processes (for example, oxygen is used up as animals breathe it in or bacteria use it to decompose sinking organic matter). As deep water warms owing to contact with the water above, it rises slowly over a broad area. (It gets lifted abo ...
... changes as the water mixes with neighboring water or via other processes (for example, oxygen is used up as animals breathe it in or bacteria use it to decompose sinking organic matter). As deep water warms owing to contact with the water above, it rises slowly over a broad area. (It gets lifted abo ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.