CT5 - CarboOcean
... The effect of rising pCO2 on CaCO3 production and dissolution was quantified by means of model simulations forced with atmospheric CO2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year from 286 ppm to 1144 ppm over a 140 year time-period. The simulation predicts a decrease of CaCO3 production by 27%. The combined ...
... The effect of rising pCO2 on CaCO3 production and dissolution was quantified by means of model simulations forced with atmospheric CO2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year from 286 ppm to 1144 ppm over a 140 year time-period. The simulation predicts a decrease of CaCO3 production by 27%. The combined ...
climate change, ocean acidification and marine ecotoxicology: how to
... as an Australian it is hard to imagine that the Great Barrier Reef may start to disappear in 40-50 years, but this is the risk we now face. This article is concerned with one possible answer to this question of how to adapt ecotoxicological studies to also consider ongoing changes in climate and mar ...
... as an Australian it is hard to imagine that the Great Barrier Reef may start to disappear in 40-50 years, but this is the risk we now face. This article is concerned with one possible answer to this question of how to adapt ecotoxicological studies to also consider ongoing changes in climate and mar ...
A Case for the Deep Ocean - Ocean and Climate Platform
... constitutes the ultimate sink for most anthropogenic carbon. The biogenic deep-sea carbon component is poorly quantified, but chemosynthetic ecosystems with high carbon fixation rates and vertical transport by pelagic species may significantly contribute to ‘blue carbon’ sequestration (Marlow et al. ...
... constitutes the ultimate sink for most anthropogenic carbon. The biogenic deep-sea carbon component is poorly quantified, but chemosynthetic ecosystems with high carbon fixation rates and vertical transport by pelagic species may significantly contribute to ‘blue carbon’ sequestration (Marlow et al. ...
Nitrogen and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle in UKESM1 Andy
... over the 21st Century, under the RCP8.5 scenario, by between 29-147 ppm –that could potentially lead to a significant additional amount of warming. The nitrogen cycle is highly perturbed in the modern world due to large scale use of fertilisers and other anthropogenic emissions. The availability of ...
... over the 21st Century, under the RCP8.5 scenario, by between 29-147 ppm –that could potentially lead to a significant additional amount of warming. The nitrogen cycle is highly perturbed in the modern world due to large scale use of fertilisers and other anthropogenic emissions. The availability of ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... Soil carbon sequestration is a win–win strategy. It mitigates climate change by offsetting anthropogenic emissions; improves the environment, especially the quality of natural waters; enhances soil quality; improves agronomic productivity; and advances food security. It is a low-hanging fruit and a ...
... Soil carbon sequestration is a win–win strategy. It mitigates climate change by offsetting anthropogenic emissions; improves the environment, especially the quality of natural waters; enhances soil quality; improves agronomic productivity; and advances food security. It is a low-hanging fruit and a ...
PDF of this article
... become cooler and saltier (i.e., denser) and sink to great depths. This sinking may remove carbon for long periods from contact with the atmosphere and biosphere. In addition, marine plants and animals take up or release dissolved carbon through photosynthesis or respiration. Some of the carbon is r ...
... become cooler and saltier (i.e., denser) and sink to great depths. This sinking may remove carbon for long periods from contact with the atmosphere and biosphere. In addition, marine plants and animals take up or release dissolved carbon through photosynthesis or respiration. Some of the carbon is r ...
This quantity of carbonic acid, which is supplied to
... the surface, the effects of human industry and all the accidental changes to the terrestrial surface modify the temperatures in each climate.” Fourier (1827) ...
... the surface, the effects of human industry and all the accidental changes to the terrestrial surface modify the temperatures in each climate.” Fourier (1827) ...
Speed installation of system to monitor vital signs of global ocean
... global monitoring to provide timely information on trends and fluxes from the tropics to the poles. Threatened are tiny life forms that help the oceans absorb an estimated 50 gigatonnes of carbon from Earth's atmosphere annually, about the same as all plants and trees on land. Humanity has a vital i ...
... global monitoring to provide timely information on trends and fluxes from the tropics to the poles. Threatened are tiny life forms that help the oceans absorb an estimated 50 gigatonnes of carbon from Earth's atmosphere annually, about the same as all plants and trees on land. Humanity has a vital i ...
Lecture 13:Climate Change
... dramatic, but it does not rise sea levels as glaciers do. • Artic glaciers are shrinking at an increasing rate and contribute to a rise in sea level of only 0.2 cm per decade. • The Greenland Ice Sheet appears to be melting, but more research is required for predictions of what this means for rising ...
... dramatic, but it does not rise sea levels as glaciers do. • Artic glaciers are shrinking at an increasing rate and contribute to a rise in sea level of only 0.2 cm per decade. • The Greenland Ice Sheet appears to be melting, but more research is required for predictions of what this means for rising ...
Topic 4 Ecology – with readings
... should be clear that biomass in terrestrial ecosystems diminishes with energy along food chains due to loss of carbon dioxide, water and other waste products, such as urea. • Pyramids of energy should be drawn to scale and should be stepped, not triangular. The terms producer, first consumer and sec ...
... should be clear that biomass in terrestrial ecosystems diminishes with energy along food chains due to loss of carbon dioxide, water and other waste products, such as urea. • Pyramids of energy should be drawn to scale and should be stepped, not triangular. The terms producer, first consumer and sec ...
Topic 4: Ecology
... Assessing claims—assessment of the claims that human activities are producing climate change. (5.2) Understandings: International-mindedness: • Carbon dioxide and water vapour are the most • Release of greenhouse gases occurs locally but has a significant greenhouse gases. global impact, so internat ...
... Assessing claims—assessment of the claims that human activities are producing climate change. (5.2) Understandings: International-mindedness: • Carbon dioxide and water vapour are the most • Release of greenhouse gases occurs locally but has a significant greenhouse gases. global impact, so internat ...
Carbon Trade Watch in CNN
... one of the companies recommended by the UK government, Equiclimate sold thousands of tons of offset which were based on it buying up and then "retiring" special permits which allow EU countries to emit specific amounts of carbon. ...
... one of the companies recommended by the UK government, Equiclimate sold thousands of tons of offset which were based on it buying up and then "retiring" special permits which allow EU countries to emit specific amounts of carbon. ...
ocean fertilization
... community composition and food web structure, vertical export of biogenic material, reduction of subsurface oxygen, and production of climate active gases such as nitrous oxide. Results from the ocean iron fertilization experiments conducted so far have not determined at what scale fertilization w ...
... community composition and food web structure, vertical export of biogenic material, reduction of subsurface oxygen, and production of climate active gases such as nitrous oxide. Results from the ocean iron fertilization experiments conducted so far have not determined at what scale fertilization w ...
Bellringer
... • The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its Third Assessment Report (TAR) in 2001. • The IPCC reported that the average global surface temperature increased by 0.6ºC during the 20th century, snow and ice cover has dropped, and the global sea level has risen. • The concentrations of ...
... • The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its Third Assessment Report (TAR) in 2001. • The IPCC reported that the average global surface temperature increased by 0.6ºC during the 20th century, snow and ice cover has dropped, and the global sea level has risen. • The concentrations of ...
press release (English, 13 August 2015) - PAGES
... temperatures occurred during the Little Ice Age—a period that spanned the 16th through 18th centuries and was known for cooler average temperatures over land. The concurrence of cooling events on both land and sea suggests that a global cooling phenomenon was erased by subsequent human-caused global ...
... temperatures occurred during the Little Ice Age—a period that spanned the 16th through 18th centuries and was known for cooler average temperatures over land. The concurrence of cooling events on both land and sea suggests that a global cooling phenomenon was erased by subsequent human-caused global ...
how protecting trees preserves oceans
... The more carbon (CO2) people pump into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, the more oceans will absorb. Forests help lessen the devastating impacts of CO2 in oceans by sequestering CO2. If ...
... The more carbon (CO2) people pump into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, the more oceans will absorb. Forests help lessen the devastating impacts of CO2 in oceans by sequestering CO2. If ...
Export To Word
... released into the atmosphere to further impact the planet through climate change. The text also explores other benefits for conserving coastal ecosystems. This informational text resource is designed to support reading in the content area. The text describes how scientists led by the National Center ...
... released into the atmosphere to further impact the planet through climate change. The text also explores other benefits for conserving coastal ecosystems. This informational text resource is designed to support reading in the content area. The text describes how scientists led by the National Center ...
Climate Change Activity
... Incoming energy from the sun is absorbed by the Earth and then redistributed by atmospheric and oceanic circulation before being radiated back to space. Naturally occurring ‘greenhouse gases’ in the Earth’s atmosphere—water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxi ...
... Incoming energy from the sun is absorbed by the Earth and then redistributed by atmospheric and oceanic circulation before being radiated back to space. Naturally occurring ‘greenhouse gases’ in the Earth’s atmosphere—water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxi ...
Ocean Acidification
... the acidity of the world’s oceans has increased 30 percent. Scientists believe oceans have not experienced the current level of acidity in about 2 million years. Not only that, but according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration senior scientist Richard Feely, conditions are changing fa ...
... the acidity of the world’s oceans has increased 30 percent. Scientists believe oceans have not experienced the current level of acidity in about 2 million years. Not only that, but according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration senior scientist Richard Feely, conditions are changing fa ...
Global Warming and Agriculture
... To develop these estimates, the baseline emissions projections from the most widely used scenario in the IPCC’s Third Assessment Review in 2001 were fed into the climate models. Currently, annual fossil-fuel emissions amount to about 7 billion tons of carbon. Under the IPCC’s business-as-usual estim ...
... To develop these estimates, the baseline emissions projections from the most widely used scenario in the IPCC’s Third Assessment Review in 2001 were fed into the climate models. Currently, annual fossil-fuel emissions amount to about 7 billion tons of carbon. Under the IPCC’s business-as-usual estim ...
Quantifying the carbon cycle
... Teachers may choose to use a short reading "Carbon Cycle Background" or a longer reading "Carbon Cycle Background UNH" depending on the time available. Here is a link to the diagram of the carbon cycle that is included as a student page below. 1. Have students read the background article on the carb ...
... Teachers may choose to use a short reading "Carbon Cycle Background" or a longer reading "Carbon Cycle Background UNH" depending on the time available. Here is a link to the diagram of the carbon cycle that is included as a student page below. 1. Have students read the background article on the carb ...
3) The movement of air in convective currents, such as Hadley cells
... El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) • In an El Niño event, air pressure changes, weakening the trade winds. • Without the force of the winds, the warm surface water moves back eastward, stopping cold, deep water from rising. • This cold water contains important nutrients that support marine life in ...
... El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) • In an El Niño event, air pressure changes, weakening the trade winds. • Without the force of the winds, the warm surface water moves back eastward, stopping cold, deep water from rising. • This cold water contains important nutrients that support marine life in ...
The role of the virus-phytoplankton system in marine
... caused by large scale viral infection, the effects of grazing should not be overlooked. In naturally occurring phytoplankton populations Kimmance et al. (2007) found that the rate of viral lysis was low (<0.1 d -1) and microzooplankton grazing was the main source of mortality during a study of natur ...
... caused by large scale viral infection, the effects of grazing should not be overlooked. In naturally occurring phytoplankton populations Kimmance et al. (2007) found that the rate of viral lysis was low (<0.1 d -1) and microzooplankton grazing was the main source of mortality during a study of natur ...
Irish Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Status Report 2009
... Chemical elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica are the vital building blocks of all living things. Simple unicellular plants called phytoplankton at the base of the food chain transform these inorganic elements to living material which act as food for higher organisms in a process ...
... Chemical elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica are the vital building blocks of all living things. Simple unicellular plants called phytoplankton at the base of the food chain transform these inorganic elements to living material which act as food for higher organisms in a process ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.