Earth Systems: Engineering and Management
... into the deep ocean. Today, this kind of a plan is called industrial carbon sequestration, which is part of carbon management: controlling the amount of GHGs in the atmosphere. The term geoengineering has evolved to mean deliberate modifications to biogeochemical or energy flows in the climate syste ...
... into the deep ocean. Today, this kind of a plan is called industrial carbon sequestration, which is part of carbon management: controlling the amount of GHGs in the atmosphere. The term geoengineering has evolved to mean deliberate modifications to biogeochemical or energy flows in the climate syste ...
Is Ocean Fertilization a Good Carbon Sequestration Option?
... arguments are still not compelling enough to support sound policy making limited, scientific testing of carbon sequestration methods may be justified. Policy makers should recognize that carbon sequestration in the ocean is nothing more than a partial, stopgap measure to combat the accumulation of ...
... arguments are still not compelling enough to support sound policy making limited, scientific testing of carbon sequestration methods may be justified. Policy makers should recognize that carbon sequestration in the ocean is nothing more than a partial, stopgap measure to combat the accumulation of ...
The Ocean and Climate Change
... and the atmosphere: heat storage, transportation of heat around the globe, wind, evaporation and precipitation patterns, freezing and thawing in polar regions, and gas storage and exchange (including CO2). The ocean naturally buffers and equilibrates with the atmosphere. Changes in the ocean-atmosph ...
... and the atmosphere: heat storage, transportation of heat around the globe, wind, evaporation and precipitation patterns, freezing and thawing in polar regions, and gas storage and exchange (including CO2). The ocean naturally buffers and equilibrates with the atmosphere. Changes in the ocean-atmosph ...
Natural England Research Report NERR057
... Read, D. J., P. H. Freer-Smith, et al. 2009. Combating climate change – a role for UK forests. An assessment of the potential of the UK’s trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Edinburgh, The Stationery Office. Stern, N. 2006. Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Lo ...
... Read, D. J., P. H. Freer-Smith, et al. 2009. Combating climate change – a role for UK forests. An assessment of the potential of the UK’s trees and woodlands to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Edinburgh, The Stationery Office. Stern, N. 2006. Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Lo ...
Cycling of Matter
... Eighty percent of the atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas (N2). In this form, nitrogen is very stable and non-reactive. However, nitrogen is very stable and non-reactive. However, nitrogen is used by living things in many physical processes. Before nitrogen can enter other parts of its cycle and be ...
... Eighty percent of the atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas (N2). In this form, nitrogen is very stable and non-reactive. However, nitrogen is very stable and non-reactive. However, nitrogen is used by living things in many physical processes. Before nitrogen can enter other parts of its cycle and be ...
Climate Change and Land-Coastal Connections
... ocean. At any given time, about half of the Bay’s water is from the Atlantic Ocean, while the other half is fresh water from rivers draining lands of the watershed. Along with precipitation and runoff, materials transported from land to the Bay via its tributaries include soils, the remains of plant ...
... ocean. At any given time, about half of the Bay’s water is from the Atlantic Ocean, while the other half is fresh water from rivers draining lands of the watershed. Along with precipitation and runoff, materials transported from land to the Bay via its tributaries include soils, the remains of plant ...
Slide 1
... changing air temperatures and snow cover – this has triggered widespread permafrost degradation Recent study by Turetsky et al. 2007 found that loss of surface permafrost in peatlands increases net carbon storage as peat accumulation is increased – CH4 emissions increase and in around 70 years, offs ...
... changing air temperatures and snow cover – this has triggered widespread permafrost degradation Recent study by Turetsky et al. 2007 found that loss of surface permafrost in peatlands increases net carbon storage as peat accumulation is increased – CH4 emissions increase and in around 70 years, offs ...
Biogeosciences
... representing nanophytoplankton and diatoms, as well as two zooplankton size classes (small and large), representing microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. For all species the C:N:P ratios are assumed constant (122:16:1; Anderson and Sarmiento, 1994), while the internal ratios of Fe:C, Chl:C, and Si:C ...
... representing nanophytoplankton and diatoms, as well as two zooplankton size classes (small and large), representing microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. For all species the C:N:P ratios are assumed constant (122:16:1; Anderson and Sarmiento, 1994), while the internal ratios of Fe:C, Chl:C, and Si:C ...
climate_change_pt1
... Loa volcano in Hawaii. Carbon dioxide concentrations have increased from 315 ppm to about 380 ppm between 1958 and the present day. The small wiggles (one wiggle per year) show that CO2 concentration changes slightly during the year. You'll find an up to date record of atmospheric CO2 concentration ...
... Loa volcano in Hawaii. Carbon dioxide concentrations have increased from 315 ppm to about 380 ppm between 1958 and the present day. The small wiggles (one wiggle per year) show that CO2 concentration changes slightly during the year. You'll find an up to date record of atmospheric CO2 concentration ...
The Great Conveyor Belt and Abrupt Climate Change
... even a stoppage of the meridional overturning circulation would NOT spell the end to the Gulf Stream. Wind and large-scale turbulence drive the bulk of the Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, of which the Gulf Stream is a part. The Gulf Stream would, however, draw significantly less water from the tropics. S ...
... even a stoppage of the meridional overturning circulation would NOT spell the end to the Gulf Stream. Wind and large-scale turbulence drive the bulk of the Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, of which the Gulf Stream is a part. The Gulf Stream would, however, draw significantly less water from the tropics. S ...
to Past editions - MARINE LIFE NETWORK
... For the love of sea cucumbers! 7 Spearo records paving the way for scientists 8 Critter Files: from salmon to fish with fingers… 11 First time Travel Feature 10 Biofuelling the world, one algae at a time 13 Bass & Flinders – their travels and time in the Furneaux 15 ...
... For the love of sea cucumbers! 7 Spearo records paving the way for scientists 8 Critter Files: from salmon to fish with fingers… 11 First time Travel Feature 10 Biofuelling the world, one algae at a time 13 Bass & Flinders – their travels and time in the Furneaux 15 ...
LIFE`S STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE
... induce hyperthermia in humans and other mammals, as dissipation of metabolic heat becomes impossible. While this never happens now, it would begin to occur with global-mean warming of about 7 ◦ C, calling the habitability of some regions into question. With 11–12 ◦ C warming, such regions would spre ...
... induce hyperthermia in humans and other mammals, as dissipation of metabolic heat becomes impossible. While this never happens now, it would begin to occur with global-mean warming of about 7 ◦ C, calling the habitability of some regions into question. With 11–12 ◦ C warming, such regions would spre ...
Impact of deep-ocean carbon sequestration on atmospheric CO2
... in the ocean would be liquefied first and injected at a depth of 3000 m or so, either from seabed pipes or from pipes suspended from moving ships. Either option poses significant technical challenges, but these are not believed to be insurmountable [Nihous, 1997]. However, the fraction of injected c ...
... in the ocean would be liquefied first and injected at a depth of 3000 m or so, either from seabed pipes or from pipes suspended from moving ships. Either option poses significant technical challenges, but these are not believed to be insurmountable [Nihous, 1997]. However, the fraction of injected c ...
Atlases Give Global Snapshot of Oceans in the 1990s
... (GO-SHIP; http://www.go -ship.org). Today, more than a decade later, WOCE data continue to provide essential insights into the ocean’s role in the climate system. Further insights will be aided by a recently completed series of atlases based on data collected by the WOCE Hydrographic Programme (WHP) ...
... (GO-SHIP; http://www.go -ship.org). Today, more than a decade later, WOCE data continue to provide essential insights into the ocean’s role in the climate system. Further insights will be aided by a recently completed series of atlases based on data collected by the WOCE Hydrographic Programme (WHP) ...
11. Human Impact on the Environment
... to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other human activities. This enhanced greenhouse effect may lead to significant climate change. Remember, global warming and climate change are not the same thing and should not be used interchangea ...
... to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other human activities. This enhanced greenhouse effect may lead to significant climate change. Remember, global warming and climate change are not the same thing and should not be used interchangea ...
Climate Change Lecture Notes
... less common here than elsewhere. Another way to think about it: weather is what conditions are like a particular day, climate is what conditions are typically like over a season or a year. Which of the following are examples of climate? Which are example of weather? During January through March of 2 ...
... less common here than elsewhere. Another way to think about it: weather is what conditions are like a particular day, climate is what conditions are typically like over a season or a year. Which of the following are examples of climate? Which are example of weather? During January through March of 2 ...
the 4 per mil concept - Agriculture and agricultural soils facing
... sequestration rate, reaching locally up to 4 per mil (4‰) of the soil organic carbon stock for some of the documented examples. • Over a meaningful depth for carbon sequestration, i.e. 0-40 cm, the 4‰ target would result in a carbon sequestration that could peak at 3.5 billion tons C per year (Gt C/ ...
... sequestration rate, reaching locally up to 4 per mil (4‰) of the soil organic carbon stock for some of the documented examples. • Over a meaningful depth for carbon sequestration, i.e. 0-40 cm, the 4‰ target would result in a carbon sequestration that could peak at 3.5 billion tons C per year (Gt C/ ...
LETTER hJ3C of organic carbon in the Bengal Fan
... Fan records only refractory POC from the G-B river system, it is likely that DOC and labile POC were isotopically similar (In the Amazon, e.g., 6’3Cnoc - 6’3Cpoc usually 12%0, QUAY et al., 1992). Because the G-B river system is such an important source of OC, it is thus very likely that the mean glo ...
... Fan records only refractory POC from the G-B river system, it is likely that DOC and labile POC were isotopically similar (In the Amazon, e.g., 6’3Cnoc - 6’3Cpoc usually 12%0, QUAY et al., 1992). Because the G-B river system is such an important source of OC, it is thus very likely that the mean glo ...
The next 10 years - World Bank Group
... arbon finance is facing an uncertain future. Only two years remain before the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and the future shape of the international community’s commitment against climate change is still unclear – affecting investment decisions and slowing the growth of ...
... arbon finance is facing an uncertain future. Only two years remain before the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and the future shape of the international community’s commitment against climate change is still unclear – affecting investment decisions and slowing the growth of ...
Snowball Earth - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... and ice cool the atmosphere and thus stabilize their own existence. Budyko knew that this phenomenon, called the ice-albedo feedback, helps modern polar ice sheets to grow. But his climate simulations also revealed that this feedback can run out of control. When ice formed at latitudes lower than ar ...
... and ice cool the atmosphere and thus stabilize their own existence. Budyko knew that this phenomenon, called the ice-albedo feedback, helps modern polar ice sheets to grow. But his climate simulations also revealed that this feedback can run out of control. When ice formed at latitudes lower than ar ...
Sentence structure
... In a recent article about loss of habitat due to climate change. In a recent article about loss of habitat due to climate change, Australian animals were shown to be particularly vulnerable. Sentences beginning with words like so, as, because, who, which, that, are often incomplete. ...
... In a recent article about loss of habitat due to climate change. In a recent article about loss of habitat due to climate change, Australian animals were shown to be particularly vulnerable. Sentences beginning with words like so, as, because, who, which, that, are often incomplete. ...
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Chapter 5
... Depth integrated Anthropogenic Carbon ...
... Depth integrated Anthropogenic Carbon ...
Biology 1b Evolution and Environment GCSE CORE
... Deforestation can have a contributing effect on global warming. Large scale deforestation (especially in tropical areas) has led to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (when trees die they release their CO2) It has also reduced the amount of CO2 that is removed from the atmosphere Leads ...
... Deforestation can have a contributing effect on global warming. Large scale deforestation (especially in tropical areas) has led to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (when trees die they release their CO2) It has also reduced the amount of CO2 that is removed from the atmosphere Leads ...
aquarium of the pacific breaks ground on new exhibit gallery
... The Aquarium of the Pacific’s Science on the Sphere system can be programmed to tell different stories. The first story will focus on climate change and sea level rise, and the second will focus on the ports and maritime trade. Both stories will be shown daily on a rotation starting in late May. Fou ...
... The Aquarium of the Pacific’s Science on the Sphere system can be programmed to tell different stories. The first story will focus on climate change and sea level rise, and the second will focus on the ports and maritime trade. Both stories will be shown daily on a rotation starting in late May. Fou ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.