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Final Exam Practice 2016 (MC)
Final Exam Practice 2016 (MC)

Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... EX 4.14 (pg 162) A student carries out an experiment to standardize a sodium hydroxide solution. To do this, the student weighs out 1.3009 g sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4 or KHP–molar mass 204.22 g/mol). The student dissolves the KHP in distilled water, adds phenolphthalein as an ...
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2202 Chapter 1 - Eric G. Lambert School

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[edit]Occurrence in solution

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2009-10 Chemistry 1st Semester Final Exam Topics and Review

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... A different mixture of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide was left to reach equilibrium at the same temperature in a container of the same volume. This second equilibrium mixture contained 0.38 mol of hydrogen, 0.19 mol of iodine and 1.94 mol of hydrogen iodide. Calculate a value for Kc for this e ...
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Acid



An acid (from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. Non-aqueous acids are usually formed when an anion (negative ion) reacts with one or more positively charged hydrogen cations. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.There are three common definitions for acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition, and the Lewis definition. The Arrhenius definition defines acids as substances which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), or more accurately, hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition is an expansion: an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By this definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O-H or N-H fragments. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. Examples of Lewis acids include all metal cations, and electron-deficient molecules such as boron trifluoride and aluminium trichloride.Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (a solid used in baking). As these examples show, acids can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid.
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