advanced chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... In water, HCl reacts to form ions {H+(aq) = H3O+(aq)} and Cl- and these are responsible for the conductivity of the solution. (1) In hexane, since the solvent cannot accept protons (no lone pairs), (0.5) the HCl molecule remains un-ionized and the solution is therefore non-conducting. (0.5) (2 marks ...
... In water, HCl reacts to form ions {H+(aq) = H3O+(aq)} and Cl- and these are responsible for the conductivity of the solution. (1) In hexane, since the solvent cannot accept protons (no lone pairs), (0.5) the HCl molecule remains un-ionized and the solution is therefore non-conducting. (0.5) (2 marks ...
by John Mu
... It is currently uneconomical to ferment ethanol specifically for use car fuel due to the high cost of distillation. Water dissolves easily in ethanol which proves a transport problem If used in unmodified engines may cause problems since dissolved water may rust fuel lines Currently ethanol is mixed ...
... It is currently uneconomical to ferment ethanol specifically for use car fuel due to the high cost of distillation. Water dissolves easily in ethanol which proves a transport problem If used in unmodified engines may cause problems since dissolved water may rust fuel lines Currently ethanol is mixed ...
equilibrium questions - Southington Public Schools
... Answer the following questions that relate to solubility of salts of lead and barium. (a) A saturated solution is prepared by adding excess PbI2(s) to distilled water to form 1.0 L of solution at 25˚C. The concentration of Pb2+(aq) in the saturated solution is found to be 1.3 10–3 M. The chemical ...
... Answer the following questions that relate to solubility of salts of lead and barium. (a) A saturated solution is prepared by adding excess PbI2(s) to distilled water to form 1.0 L of solution at 25˚C. The concentration of Pb2+(aq) in the saturated solution is found to be 1.3 10–3 M. The chemical ...
Pre-AP Chemistry Final Exam Review 1. Write the name for
... □Know that solutions are made up of two parts – the solvent and the solute. □The solvent is usually water and it makes up the majority of the solution. □The solute is what is being dissolved and it makes up the smaller portion of the solution. □Be able to describe the trends in solubility as tempera ...
... □Know that solutions are made up of two parts – the solvent and the solute. □The solvent is usually water and it makes up the majority of the solution. □The solute is what is being dissolved and it makes up the smaller portion of the solution. □Be able to describe the trends in solubility as tempera ...
Inorganic and organic chemistry 2
... The coordination number is the number of coordinate bonds between the ligand(s) and the central metal atom or ion. EDTA4− is a hexadentate ligand, so one ion forms six coordinate bonds. The other ligands are monodentate so each forms a single coordinate bond with the central metal atom or ion. ...
... The coordination number is the number of coordinate bonds between the ligand(s) and the central metal atom or ion. EDTA4− is a hexadentate ligand, so one ion forms six coordinate bonds. The other ligands are monodentate so each forms a single coordinate bond with the central metal atom or ion. ...
Chemistry – V – BSC – 503
... 1. To determine normality of xN HCl by pH metry. 2. To determine normality and dissociation constant of weak acid (xN CH3COOH) by pH metry. 3. To determine normality and dissociation constant of dibasic acid (xN oxalic acid/malonic acid/maleic acid) using 0.1N NaOH Solution. Colourimetry 1. Find out ...
... 1. To determine normality of xN HCl by pH metry. 2. To determine normality and dissociation constant of weak acid (xN CH3COOH) by pH metry. 3. To determine normality and dissociation constant of dibasic acid (xN oxalic acid/malonic acid/maleic acid) using 0.1N NaOH Solution. Colourimetry 1. Find out ...
3(aq)
... Same, but as a complete ionic equation: 2Na+(aq) 2OH-(aq)+ Cu+2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) ...
... Same, but as a complete ionic equation: 2Na+(aq) 2OH-(aq)+ Cu+2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) ...
AtomMoleculeNaming_G1
... • Example: Compound between Ca2+ and PO43, the number of ions of each needs to be 3 and 2, so that the combined charge ...
... • Example: Compound between Ca2+ and PO43, the number of ions of each needs to be 3 and 2, so that the combined charge ...
Chemistry II Exams and Keys 2014 Season
... 8. A compound consists of C, H, O and B. The combustion of 388 mg of this compound releases 880 mg of CO2, 270 mg of H2O and 70 mg of B2O3. What is the empirical formula of the compound? C = 12; B = 11; O = 16 and H = 1. A. C2H3BO3 B. C5H10BO3 C. C10H10BO D. C10H15BO3 9. 2.0 moles of X and 2.0 moles ...
... 8. A compound consists of C, H, O and B. The combustion of 388 mg of this compound releases 880 mg of CO2, 270 mg of H2O and 70 mg of B2O3. What is the empirical formula of the compound? C = 12; B = 11; O = 16 and H = 1. A. C2H3BO3 B. C5H10BO3 C. C10H10BO D. C10H15BO3 9. 2.0 moles of X and 2.0 moles ...
X012/13/02
... 4. In a PPA the manganese content of a steel paper clip is determined by converting the manganese into purple permanganate ions, the concentration of which is measured using colorimetry. At the start of the activity, a calibration graph has to be drawn. (a) What data must be collected to al ...
... 4. In a PPA the manganese content of a steel paper clip is determined by converting the manganese into purple permanganate ions, the concentration of which is measured using colorimetry. At the start of the activity, a calibration graph has to be drawn. (a) What data must be collected to al ...
Ionic Bonding
... compounds formed by each of the following pairs of elements: (a) strontium and oxygen (b) sodium and sulfur (c) silver and iodine (d) barium and fluorine (e) calcium and bromine (f) lithium and chlorine 10. Write the chemical formulas for the following ionic compounds: (a) mercury(II) sulfide, cinna ...
... compounds formed by each of the following pairs of elements: (a) strontium and oxygen (b) sodium and sulfur (c) silver and iodine (d) barium and fluorine (e) calcium and bromine (f) lithium and chlorine 10. Write the chemical formulas for the following ionic compounds: (a) mercury(II) sulfide, cinna ...
syllabus details - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Deduce the formula and state the name of an ionic compound formed from a group 1, 2 or 3 metal and a group 5, 6 or 7 non-metal. ...
... Deduce the formula and state the name of an ionic compound formed from a group 1, 2 or 3 metal and a group 5, 6 or 7 non-metal. ...
Separation and Purification Methods
... extracts were washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution”). On the other hand, when components are removed from water by treatment with an organic solvent, the aqueous phase is said to be extracted (e.g., “The aqueous layer was extracted with three portions of ethyl acetate”). Thus aqueous laye ...
... extracts were washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution”). On the other hand, when components are removed from water by treatment with an organic solvent, the aqueous phase is said to be extracted (e.g., “The aqueous layer was extracted with three portions of ethyl acetate”). Thus aqueous laye ...
Acids and Bases
... Notice that water can behave as either an acid or a base. It can behave as an acid because it has a proton that it can donate, but it can also behave as a base because it has a lone pair that can accept a proton. In Section 2.2, we will see how we know that water acts as a base in the reaction on pa ...
... Notice that water can behave as either an acid or a base. It can behave as an acid because it has a proton that it can donate, but it can also behave as a base because it has a lone pair that can accept a proton. In Section 2.2, we will see how we know that water acts as a base in the reaction on pa ...
Acid-Base Equilibria and Activity
... Table 5.1 lists Pauling electronegativities for the first three rows of the periodic table. These values provide a first approximation for predicting when a hydrogen atom in a molecule will be acidic. As an extreme example, molecular hydrogen, H2 , forms a very covalent bond. It will not provide an ...
... Table 5.1 lists Pauling electronegativities for the first three rows of the periodic table. These values provide a first approximation for predicting when a hydrogen atom in a molecule will be acidic. As an extreme example, molecular hydrogen, H2 , forms a very covalent bond. It will not provide an ...
solutions - chem.msu.su
... at the first step, and formation of the acyl chloride with its subsequent transformation into the amide C as the second one. This is followed by deprotection resulting in D, containing amide and amino groups. Then D is treated with an acid providing the corresponding salt. Finally, formaldehyde is a ...
... at the first step, and formation of the acyl chloride with its subsequent transformation into the amide C as the second one. This is followed by deprotection resulting in D, containing amide and amino groups. Then D is treated with an acid providing the corresponding salt. Finally, formaldehyde is a ...
Key - GCC
... 2. How can you identify each of the three reaction types above (e.g., what characteristic defines each one?)? Precipitation reactions have solid products, also all reactants and products are ionic compounds; Acid-base reactions react an acid with a base to produce a salt (ionic compound) and water; ...
... 2. How can you identify each of the three reaction types above (e.g., what characteristic defines each one?)? Precipitation reactions have solid products, also all reactants and products are ionic compounds; Acid-base reactions react an acid with a base to produce a salt (ionic compound) and water; ...
Acid
An acid (from the Latin acidus/acēre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. Non-aqueous acids are usually formed when an anion (negative ion) reacts with one or more positively charged hydrogen cations. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.There are three common definitions for acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition, and the Lewis definition. The Arrhenius definition defines acids as substances which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), or more accurately, hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition is an expansion: an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By this definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O-H or N-H fragments. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. Examples of Lewis acids include all metal cations, and electron-deficient molecules such as boron trifluoride and aluminium trichloride.Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (a solid used in baking). As these examples show, acids can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric acid.