ICRP
... Most of those earlier reports are of a general nature. More recently, the Commission has focused on addressing some more specific situations where difficulties have been observed. A series of such reports was initiated at the Commission’s meeting in Oxford, United Kingdom, in September 1997. On the rec ...
... Most of those earlier reports are of a general nature. More recently, the Commission has focused on addressing some more specific situations where difficulties have been observed. A series of such reports was initiated at the Commission’s meeting in Oxford, United Kingdom, in September 1997. On the rec ...
Walter et al. (2007) Radiotherapy and Oncology 85
... Purpose: Positioning verification is usually performed with treatment beam (MV) portal images (PI) using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). A new alternative is the use of a low energy photon source (kV) and an additional EPID mounted to the accelerator gantry. This system may be used for P ...
... Purpose: Positioning verification is usually performed with treatment beam (MV) portal images (PI) using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). A new alternative is the use of a low energy photon source (kV) and an additional EPID mounted to the accelerator gantry. This system may be used for P ...
design and implementation of an anthropomorphic quality
... scanning bed to eliminate interference-pattern artifacts found with use of the standard polished glass scanning bed. A mask was created for the scanning bed to exclude light contamination. This film-scanning system is based on the technique used by Dempsey et al. (10). Films were scanned at least 36 ...
... scanning bed to eliminate interference-pattern artifacts found with use of the standard polished glass scanning bed. A mask was created for the scanning bed to exclude light contamination. This film-scanning system is based on the technique used by Dempsey et al. (10). Films were scanned at least 36 ...
CT Dosimetry: Com- parison of Measure- ment
... the integration limits are ⫾50 mm centered over the dose profile, which corresponds to the 100-mm length of the commercially available pencil ionization chamber. CTDI100 is acquired by using a 100-mm-long, 3 cm3 active volume CT pencil ionization chamber and the two standard CTDI acrylic phantoms (F ...
... the integration limits are ⫾50 mm centered over the dose profile, which corresponds to the 100-mm length of the commercially available pencil ionization chamber. CTDI100 is acquired by using a 100-mm-long, 3 cm3 active volume CT pencil ionization chamber and the two standard CTDI acrylic phantoms (F ...
Full Text - Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
... as well as targeted training programs in radiological protection for healthcare staff outside the radiology department. While the full range of recommendations is outside the scope of this article, the interested reader is referred to ICRP Publication 117 for further information. Several limitations ...
... as well as targeted training programs in radiological protection for healthcare staff outside the radiology department. While the full range of recommendations is outside the scope of this article, the interested reader is referred to ICRP Publication 117 for further information. Several limitations ...
Dosimetric verification of respiratory
... surrounding the target and avoid complications. By including RGRT into a radiation therapy program it would offer the benefits of higher target dose and lower normal tissue dose. RGRT would allow for an increase in local control while lowering the probability of complications. Dosimetric verificatio ...
... surrounding the target and avoid complications. By including RGRT into a radiation therapy program it would offer the benefits of higher target dose and lower normal tissue dose. RGRT would allow for an increase in local control while lowering the probability of complications. Dosimetric verificatio ...
Special procedures and techniques in radiotherapy
... and phantom conditions that most nearly represent the actual treatment geometry. “dose rate to a small mass” > the value calculated from the IVSL, because of scatter contribution from the walls or the floor. This is especially true for Co-60 and lower energy linacs. In air calibrations not be perfor ...
... and phantom conditions that most nearly represent the actual treatment geometry. “dose rate to a small mass” > the value calculated from the IVSL, because of scatter contribution from the walls or the floor. This is especially true for Co-60 and lower energy linacs. In air calibrations not be perfor ...
IONIZING RADIATION AND RADIONUCLIDS AS THE SOURSES …
... • Ionizing radiation occurs in two forms – particles or waves. • Alpha particles is not external hazard and can bee shielded against by clothing. Internal deposition of alpha particles is of importance on a long-term basis in terms of causing radiation injury. • Beta irradiation causes damage to the ...
... • Ionizing radiation occurs in two forms – particles or waves. • Alpha particles is not external hazard and can bee shielded against by clothing. Internal deposition of alpha particles is of importance on a long-term basis in terms of causing radiation injury. • Beta irradiation causes damage to the ...
article in press - The EndoExperience
... diagnostics and surgery planning [1,2]. Conventional CT protocols are generally associated with relatively high radiation dose levels and even clinical protocols for multi-slice CT (MSCT) still show high doses [3,4]. The introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) holds promising potential ...
... diagnostics and surgery planning [1,2]. Conventional CT protocols are generally associated with relatively high radiation dose levels and even clinical protocols for multi-slice CT (MSCT) still show high doses [3,4]. The introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) holds promising potential ...
AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents: Topics in CT
... within the patient. That is, in a uniform circular object, such as a test phantom, all of the points at a certain radius from the center have the same (or nearly the same) radiation dose (Fig 2). As we shall see, the magnitude of that dose gradient (the size of the difference from center to peripher ...
... within the patient. That is, in a uniform circular object, such as a test phantom, all of the points at a certain radius from the center have the same (or nearly the same) radiation dose (Fig 2). As we shall see, the magnitude of that dose gradient (the size of the difference from center to peripher ...
Shielding of Medical Facilities. Shielding Desing Considerations for
... are manipulated and stored until injection time), the uptake rooms (named “quiet” in this layout), the toilet exclusive to PET patients, and the scan room (PET/CT exam room in this case). The radiological evaluation consists of the assessment of the annual effective dose to occupationally exposed wo ...
... are manipulated and stored until injection time), the uptake rooms (named “quiet” in this layout), the toilet exclusive to PET patients, and the scan room (PET/CT exam room in this case). The radiological evaluation consists of the assessment of the annual effective dose to occupationally exposed wo ...
Image quality vs radiation dose of four cone beam computed
... evaluate this error, measurement lines are defined along the bone surface in the laser model. These measurement lines are transferred to the CT image based on the transformation calculated in the previous section. For the definition of the measurement lines, a cylindrical grid with the vertical axis ...
... evaluate this error, measurement lines are defined along the bone surface in the laser model. These measurement lines are transferred to the CT image based on the transformation calculated in the previous section. For the definition of the measurement lines, a cylindrical grid with the vertical axis ...
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in projection radiography
... 48% of the total number of examinations in diagnostic radiology and contribute 41% to the collective dose [1]. This implies that justification and optimization is not only important for high-dose applications like computed tomography or fluoroscopy but also for projection radiography. One of the mai ...
... 48% of the total number of examinations in diagnostic radiology and contribute 41% to the collective dose [1]. This implies that justification and optimization is not only important for high-dose applications like computed tomography or fluoroscopy but also for projection radiography. One of the mai ...
Foreword: Radiology Select Volume 5—Radiation Dose and
... of future cancers from low doses of ionizing radiation (16,17) and one arguing quite the opposite—that these increases in cancer risk are not hypothetical and have begun to be measured (18). Because this debate is unlikely to be settled anytime soon, Thrall (19) proposes that the most promising appr ...
... of future cancers from low doses of ionizing radiation (16,17) and one arguing quite the opposite—that these increases in cancer risk are not hypothetical and have begun to be measured (18). Because this debate is unlikely to be settled anytime soon, Thrall (19) proposes that the most promising appr ...
Dose Management Update for Advocate Healthcare
... Pre-scan verification of patient information and protocol Standard PC.01.02.15 A 10 Prior to conducting a diagnostic imaging study, verify the following: • Correct patient • Correct imaging site • Correct patient positioning • For CT only: Correct imaging protocol • For CT only: Correct scanne ...
... Pre-scan verification of patient information and protocol Standard PC.01.02.15 A 10 Prior to conducting a diagnostic imaging study, verify the following: • Correct patient • Correct imaging site • Correct patient positioning • For CT only: Correct imaging protocol • For CT only: Correct scanne ...
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... Dose reduction with X-CARE to Breast Tissue X-CARE: Dose and Image Quality Organ based dose modulation reduces radiation exposure of the breast by 30-40% Noise level is maintained with dedicated reconstruction technique ...
... Dose reduction with X-CARE to Breast Tissue X-CARE: Dose and Image Quality Organ based dose modulation reduces radiation exposure of the breast by 30-40% Noise level is maintained with dedicated reconstruction technique ...
Imaging doses from the Elekta Synergy X
... Figure 2: TLD measured dose [mGy] in the Rando phantom. White lines indicate the slices where doses were measured. The locations within each slice are indicated as black points, with the dose measurement itself adjacent. The kV and total mAs for each scan are indicated. ...
... Figure 2: TLD measured dose [mGy] in the Rando phantom. White lines indicate the slices where doses were measured. The locations within each slice are indicated as black points, with the dose measurement itself adjacent. The kV and total mAs for each scan are indicated. ...
Understanding Radiation Units
... protection measures to be taken • Physical quantities - Directly measurable • Protection quantities - Defined for dose limitation purposes, but not directly measurable. • Application specific quantities - Measurable in medical imaging. • Diagnostic Refernce Levels ...
... protection measures to be taken • Physical quantities - Directly measurable • Protection quantities - Defined for dose limitation purposes, but not directly measurable. • Application specific quantities - Measurable in medical imaging. • Diagnostic Refernce Levels ...
CT Scan Parameters and Radiation Dose
... Reducing kVp can be an effective means of reducing the radiation dose imparted during an examination. As a general rule of thumb, the radiation dose changes with the square of kVp, and a reduction in kVp from 120 to 100 reduces radiation dose by 33%, while a further reduction to 80 kVp can reduce do ...
... Reducing kVp can be an effective means of reducing the radiation dose imparted during an examination. As a general rule of thumb, the radiation dose changes with the square of kVp, and a reduction in kVp from 120 to 100 reduces radiation dose by 33%, while a further reduction to 80 kVp can reduce do ...
Absorption and Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation
... by the appropriate modifying factor. In radiation protection profession, it is called the quality factor (QF) and it ranges from 1 (for X-rays and gamma radiation) up to 20 (for some high energy particles). Thus rem = rad x QF. In SI units rem is replaced by sievert (Sv). One Joule of beta or gamma ...
... by the appropriate modifying factor. In radiation protection profession, it is called the quality factor (QF) and it ranges from 1 (for X-rays and gamma radiation) up to 20 (for some high energy particles). Thus rem = rad x QF. In SI units rem is replaced by sievert (Sv). One Joule of beta or gamma ...
190047_190047 - espace@Curtin
... have attempted to reduce the population radiation dose from medical imaging procedures through guidelines, advising on clinical indications for utilisation and / or reference levels for the radiation dose received from each type of examination6,7. To date while Australia has developed some clinical ...
... have attempted to reduce the population radiation dose from medical imaging procedures through guidelines, advising on clinical indications for utilisation and / or reference levels for the radiation dose received from each type of examination6,7. To date while Australia has developed some clinical ...
06_Medical equipment based on ionizing radiation principle
... reduced to one-half its original value. All radionuclides have a particular half-life, some of which a very long, while other are extremely short. For example, uranium-238 has such a long half life, 4.5x109 years, that only a small fraction has decayed since the earth was formed. In contrast, carbon ...
... reduced to one-half its original value. All radionuclides have a particular half-life, some of which a very long, while other are extremely short. For example, uranium-238 has such a long half life, 4.5x109 years, that only a small fraction has decayed since the earth was formed. In contrast, carbon ...
Radiation Safety - 7
... An enclosed tube has an anode and a cathode and usually an inert gas inside the tube. The radiation enters the tube ionizing the gas thus creating a current flow. The amount of radiation is proportional to the current flow. ...
... An enclosed tube has an anode and a cathode and usually an inert gas inside the tube. The radiation enters the tube ionizing the gas thus creating a current flow. The amount of radiation is proportional to the current flow. ...
Image Guided Radiation Therapy: Benefits and Risks, Certainties
... – Large variation in delivered dose between scan types – Median effective doses from 2 mSv to 31 mSv – Women are twice as susceptible compared to men – Risks doubled for 20 year olds, and halved above 60 years – Calculations based upon CTDIVOL (and DLP) to estimate effective dose, assuming “ideal” p ...
... – Large variation in delivered dose between scan types – Median effective doses from 2 mSv to 31 mSv – Women are twice as susceptible compared to men – Risks doubled for 20 year olds, and halved above 60 years – Calculations based upon CTDIVOL (and DLP) to estimate effective dose, assuming “ideal” p ...
Inclusion of the dose from kilovoltage cone beam CT in the radiation
... values in the table are obtained by multiplying the PINNACLE “computed dose” values by the ratio of bone/water mass energy absorption coefficients obtained from Table X of AAPM Task Group 61 report,17 assuming a 5.4 mm HVL for the 125 kVp beam measured before.10 As seen in the table, this results in ...
... values in the table are obtained by multiplying the PINNACLE “computed dose” values by the ratio of bone/water mass energy absorption coefficients obtained from Table X of AAPM Task Group 61 report,17 assuming a 5.4 mm HVL for the 125 kVp beam measured before.10 As seen in the table, this results in ...