CR75th Anniversary Commentary
... that "few proteins have had such a strong impact on a field as the lac repressor has had in Molecular Biology" (2). It is hard to imagine, looking back, the degree to which the work of Jacob and Monod would become a knowledge base to build upon in elucidating the vast series of mechanisms used by cel ...
... that "few proteins have had such a strong impact on a field as the lac repressor has had in Molecular Biology" (2). It is hard to imagine, looking back, the degree to which the work of Jacob and Monod would become a knowledge base to build upon in elucidating the vast series of mechanisms used by cel ...
by gene expression, and of
... bound to its DNA target site . The protein is dimeric; one subunit is colored. The DNA-binding segment (pink) merges with the first helix of the helix-loop-helix (red). The second helix merges with the carboxyl-terminal end of the subunit (purple). Interaction of the carboxylterminal helices of the ...
... bound to its DNA target site . The protein is dimeric; one subunit is colored. The DNA-binding segment (pink) merges with the first helix of the helix-loop-helix (red). The second helix merges with the carboxyl-terminal end of the subunit (purple). Interaction of the carboxylterminal helices of the ...
Power point
... • Normally off • their synthesis is induced by a chemical signal • i.e. lactose • lac operon ...
... • Normally off • their synthesis is induced by a chemical signal • i.e. lactose • lac operon ...
Biochemistry
... the organism to adapt to its environment and to conserve energy and nutrients, the expression of genetic information must be cued to extrinsic signals and respond only when necessary. Mammalian cells possess about 1000 times more genetic information than does the bacterium Escherichia coli. Much of ...
... the organism to adapt to its environment and to conserve energy and nutrients, the expression of genetic information must be cued to extrinsic signals and respond only when necessary. Mammalian cells possess about 1000 times more genetic information than does the bacterium Escherichia coli. Much of ...
Chapter 19 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Their
... Binding of the lac Repressor to DNA --Specific binding site for the repressor (tetramer) --they bind O1 or (O2 or O3) forming a DA loop ...
... Binding of the lac Repressor to DNA --Specific binding site for the repressor (tetramer) --they bind O1 or (O2 or O3) forming a DA loop ...
CARBOHYDRATES B.SC Ist SEMESTER INTRODUCTION TO
... •SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSE FROM GLUCOSE : The pentose ribose is present in RNA and in many nucleotides. It is formed in the body from glucose by Hexose Mono Phosphate pathway. •CONVERSION TO FAT : Excess of calories fed in diet in the form of carbohydrate is stored as fat in adipose tissue. When the body ...
... •SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSE FROM GLUCOSE : The pentose ribose is present in RNA and in many nucleotides. It is formed in the body from glucose by Hexose Mono Phosphate pathway. •CONVERSION TO FAT : Excess of calories fed in diet in the form of carbohydrate is stored as fat in adipose tissue. When the body ...
LacI_Biochem.ppt
... Binding of regulators to DNA is often at inverted repeats Binding sites have inverted repeats Regulator proteins bind as back-to-back dimer. This puts each binding domain in the right orientation with respect to the inverted repeat (protein toe binds 5’ end, heel binds 3’ end of the repeat) ...
... Binding of regulators to DNA is often at inverted repeats Binding sites have inverted repeats Regulator proteins bind as back-to-back dimer. This puts each binding domain in the right orientation with respect to the inverted repeat (protein toe binds 5’ end, heel binds 3’ end of the repeat) ...
no sigma falls off after initiation
... Polycistronic mRNAs are formed by post-transcriptional splicing of small transcripts. would be interesting, but no! More interesting if bits of protein could! ...
... Polycistronic mRNAs are formed by post-transcriptional splicing of small transcripts. would be interesting, but no! More interesting if bits of protein could! ...
Handout #11 - MSU Billings
... Other Gene Transfer Techniques While recombinant DNA techniques use biological vectors to carry foreign genes into cells, here are some alternatives: ...
... Other Gene Transfer Techniques While recombinant DNA techniques use biological vectors to carry foreign genes into cells, here are some alternatives: ...
Chapter 3 Review Questions
... People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person cannot breakdown lactose into two monosaccharides because they do not have the enzyme lactase. Lactose passes through thei ...
... People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person cannot breakdown lactose into two monosaccharides because they do not have the enzyme lactase. Lactose passes through thei ...
If there are “CUES” listed within the question, please USE them and
... 4a. What are some risks to developing genetically-engineered strains of bacteria? 4b. A microbiologist developed a strain of E. coli that were easily killed by sunlight and whose diet required two unusual amino acids not normally found outside the laboratory. Why would such a bacterium be “low-risk” ...
... 4a. What are some risks to developing genetically-engineered strains of bacteria? 4b. A microbiologist developed a strain of E. coli that were easily killed by sunlight and whose diet required two unusual amino acids not normally found outside the laboratory. Why would such a bacterium be “low-risk” ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... transcribed on a single piece of mRNA. Individual proteins will then be translated off of that mRNA. Transcription is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase does not just randomly attach to the chromosome but recognizes specific binding sites called promoters. .. ...
... transcribed on a single piece of mRNA. Individual proteins will then be translated off of that mRNA. Transcription is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase does not just randomly attach to the chromosome but recognizes specific binding sites called promoters. .. ...
The aim of the thesis was to characterize chosen expression vectors
... The aim of the thesis was to characterize chosen expression vectors used in biotechnologically important bacterial species, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and to test their use in studies of promoter activity control by sigma factors of RNA polymerase. Different properties of these vectors (level of ex ...
... The aim of the thesis was to characterize chosen expression vectors used in biotechnologically important bacterial species, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and to test their use in studies of promoter activity control by sigma factors of RNA polymerase. Different properties of these vectors (level of ex ...
Organic Macromolecules Review Ch. 2
... We eat food composed of macromolecules, then our body breaks them down to transport through our body, and reassembles the sub-units into macromolecules when the destination cell is reached. What is each picture showing? Give evidence to support your claim. A protein: we use shapes to represent the d ...
... We eat food composed of macromolecules, then our body breaks them down to transport through our body, and reassembles the sub-units into macromolecules when the destination cell is reached. What is each picture showing? Give evidence to support your claim. A protein: we use shapes to represent the d ...
Chapter 12 guided Notes 2
... Translocations occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another. ...
... Translocations occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another. ...
The Arabinose Operon (http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty
... 6) Evolution rarely has on “one size fits all” approach to things. Both the lac and ara operons are normally in the off position unless the right substrate comes along. Yet both operons are organized differently. Speculate on the utility of this to the ...
... 6) Evolution rarely has on “one size fits all” approach to things. Both the lac and ara operons are normally in the off position unless the right substrate comes along. Yet both operons are organized differently. Speculate on the utility of this to the ...
Repressilator
... 2.- Then stationary state forces tetR mRNA to maximally transcribe. 3.- Thus, tetR is maximally translate too. 4.- In this state, l CI and GFP mRNAs are maximally repressed. 5.- And l CI and GFP, minimally produced. 6.- Finally, lacI mRNA is maximally transcribed (neglecting repressor amounts!). ...
... 2.- Then stationary state forces tetR mRNA to maximally transcribe. 3.- Thus, tetR is maximally translate too. 4.- In this state, l CI and GFP mRNAs are maximally repressed. 5.- And l CI and GFP, minimally produced. 6.- Finally, lacI mRNA is maximally transcribed (neglecting repressor amounts!). ...
Lecture 40_GeneRegulationI_transcriptional_control_RoadMap
... • The lac operon is the genetic locus that allows E. coli to metabolize lactose (if no glucose is around – glucose is the preferred source) • Contains promoters, operators (places for TFs to bind and regulate transcription), and some coding genes • Looks simple but is complex! o There are still aspe ...
... • The lac operon is the genetic locus that allows E. coli to metabolize lactose (if no glucose is around – glucose is the preferred source) • Contains promoters, operators (places for TFs to bind and regulate transcription), and some coding genes • Looks simple but is complex! o There are still aspe ...
Chapter 09 Lecture PowerPoint - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... greatly enhances binding between DNA and protein as the 2 protein subunits bind cooperatively • Multimeric DNA-binding proteins have an inherently higher affinity for binding sites on DNA than do multiple monomeric proteins that bind independently of one another ...
... greatly enhances binding between DNA and protein as the 2 protein subunits bind cooperatively • Multimeric DNA-binding proteins have an inherently higher affinity for binding sites on DNA than do multiple monomeric proteins that bind independently of one another ...
MolBioPrimer_2005-06
... The E. coli lac Operon of Jacob & The components of lactose metabolism are adjacent genes Monod governed by a single promoter (lacP): lacZ: beta-galactosidase (hydrolyzes lactose) lacY: lactose permease (permits lactose entry) lacA: thiogalactoside transacetylase lacI ...
... The E. coli lac Operon of Jacob & The components of lactose metabolism are adjacent genes Monod governed by a single promoter (lacP): lacZ: beta-galactosidase (hydrolyzes lactose) lacY: lactose permease (permits lactose entry) lacA: thiogalactoside transacetylase lacI ...
Promoters
... Tetracycline-dependent regulatory system - based on the E.coli Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistant operon - Tc resistance operon consists of two genes: a) the resistance gene TetA – codes for a membrane protein that exports invaded Tc out of the bacterial cell b) the regulator gene TetR – codes for ...
... Tetracycline-dependent regulatory system - based on the E.coli Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistant operon - Tc resistance operon consists of two genes: a) the resistance gene TetA – codes for a membrane protein that exports invaded Tc out of the bacterial cell b) the regulator gene TetR – codes for ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.