Chapter 12 - North Mac Schools
... However, when it does have an effect, the new protein formed can be: ...
... However, when it does have an effect, the new protein formed can be: ...
Name
... 1. The degeneracy of the genetic code refers to the following occurrence: a. same number of codons as there are amino acids b. c. d. e ...
... 1. The degeneracy of the genetic code refers to the following occurrence: a. same number of codons as there are amino acids b. c. d. e ...
Operon Control of Gene Expression - Glebe
... are switched on and off together, as a unit. It is not the proteins that are produced that define an operon, an operon is a mechanism of control. An operon always contains several structural genes, an operator, and a promoter. ...
... are switched on and off together, as a unit. It is not the proteins that are produced that define an operon, an operon is a mechanism of control. An operon always contains several structural genes, an operator, and a promoter. ...
Denotation of E.coli Genotypes
... from lac to pro gene in the E.coli chromosome. Alleles : Numbers in italic are used to describe a single gene with different mutations (collectively called alleles) For example, hsdR2, hsdR4, and hsdR17 all have different mutations in the same hsdR gene. Thus, they are referred to as alleles of hsdR ...
... from lac to pro gene in the E.coli chromosome. Alleles : Numbers in italic are used to describe a single gene with different mutations (collectively called alleles) For example, hsdR2, hsdR4, and hsdR17 all have different mutations in the same hsdR gene. Thus, they are referred to as alleles of hsdR ...
MBLG2x71 Course Information for mmb web site
... 15. Introduction to the structure of the Genome Review DNA structure with A, B and Z of DNA. DNA packging. Chromosome length and diversity, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes, packaging proteins e.g. histones and the chromosome packaging. Heterochromatin and euchromatin and t ...
... 15. Introduction to the structure of the Genome Review DNA structure with A, B and Z of DNA. DNA packging. Chromosome length and diversity, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes, packaging proteins e.g. histones and the chromosome packaging. Heterochromatin and euchromatin and t ...
a version - SEA
... smegmatis. We found, through transmission electron microscopy, that the phages all had siphoviral morphology. Because there have been a plethora of mycobacteriophages sequenced, we submitted two Gordonia phage DNA samples (WilliamBoone & Asapag) for genome sequencing. WilliamBoone was found to have ...
... smegmatis. We found, through transmission electron microscopy, that the phages all had siphoviral morphology. Because there have been a plethora of mycobacteriophages sequenced, we submitted two Gordonia phage DNA samples (WilliamBoone & Asapag) for genome sequencing. WilliamBoone was found to have ...
Gene Regulation
... do not alter DNA sequence, they may be passed to future generations of cells • The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence is called ...
... do not alter DNA sequence, they may be passed to future generations of cells • The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence is called ...
Use of lac regulatory elements for gene expression in
... Abstract — The lactose operon, lacTEGF, of Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei ATCC393 [pLZ15–] is encoding an antiterminator protein (LacT), the elements (LacE and LacF) of the lactose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) and a phospho-β-galactosidase (LacG). The lac operon is repressed by glucose a ...
... Abstract — The lactose operon, lacTEGF, of Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei ATCC393 [pLZ15–] is encoding an antiterminator protein (LacT), the elements (LacE and LacF) of the lactose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) and a phospho-β-galactosidase (LacG). The lac operon is repressed by glucose a ...
microbial genetics
... the operon leading to the transcription of the polycistronic mRNA encoding the three proteins LacZ, LacY and LacA. Lac operon is thus an inducible operon. The repressed state is maintained by the binding of the lac repressor (encoded by lacI gene) to the operator (negative regulation). This binding ...
... the operon leading to the transcription of the polycistronic mRNA encoding the three proteins LacZ, LacY and LacA. Lac operon is thus an inducible operon. The repressed state is maintained by the binding of the lac repressor (encoded by lacI gene) to the operator (negative regulation). This binding ...
Chapter 12
... In microbial splicing a part of the polypeptide is removed before it folds into its final shape Self-splicing proteins are large and have internal intervening sequences called inteins ( 130-600 bases in length) flanked by external sequences exteins. Inteins are removed by an autocatalytic process. ...
... In microbial splicing a part of the polypeptide is removed before it folds into its final shape Self-splicing proteins are large and have internal intervening sequences called inteins ( 130-600 bases in length) flanked by external sequences exteins. Inteins are removed by an autocatalytic process. ...
Document
... • The trp operon is negatively regulated by the trp repressor protein – trp repressor binds to the operator to block transcription – binding of repressor to the operator requires a corepressor which is ...
... • The trp operon is negatively regulated by the trp repressor protein – trp repressor binds to the operator to block transcription – binding of repressor to the operator requires a corepressor which is ...
Chapter 14
... The early genes transcribed by host RNA polymerase following infection include, or comprise, regulators required for expression of the middle set of phage genes. The middle group of genes includes regulators to transcribe the late genes. This results in the ordered expression of groups of genes duri ...
... The early genes transcribed by host RNA polymerase following infection include, or comprise, regulators required for expression of the middle set of phage genes. The middle group of genes includes regulators to transcribe the late genes. This results in the ordered expression of groups of genes duri ...
Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria
... • Before it can utilize lactose, E. coli must transport it into the cell, where the enzyme b-galactosidase can cleave it to produce glucose and galactose. • E. coli produces high levels of b-galactosidase only when lactose is present in the environment. • Thus, lactose acts as an inducer—a molecule ...
... • Before it can utilize lactose, E. coli must transport it into the cell, where the enzyme b-galactosidase can cleave it to produce glucose and galactose. • E. coli produces high levels of b-galactosidase only when lactose is present in the environment. • Thus, lactose acts as an inducer—a molecule ...
Module 3 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
... and elements that control their expression; expression of the operon is controlled by other genes whose products interact with these control elements z Control region: operator, promoter z Polycistronic structural genes z Represseor gene (encodes for repressor protein) z Effector molecules ...
... and elements that control their expression; expression of the operon is controlled by other genes whose products interact with these control elements z Control region: operator, promoter z Polycistronic structural genes z Represseor gene (encodes for repressor protein) z Effector molecules ...
Unidirectional tandem gene arrays
... Continuous overexpression of a cloned gene is often detrimental to the host cell because it drains the energy and other resources and impair cellular functions. ...
... Continuous overexpression of a cloned gene is often detrimental to the host cell because it drains the energy and other resources and impair cellular functions. ...
Lac A
... LacI+ encodes for the repressor that is able to bind lactose (induction and derepression) and is able to recognise sequence of Operator (repression) LacIS encodes for a repressor with a mutation that unable the protein to interact with lactose (constitutive repression). LacIS repressor is always bou ...
... LacI+ encodes for the repressor that is able to bind lactose (induction and derepression) and is able to recognise sequence of Operator (repression) LacIS encodes for a repressor with a mutation that unable the protein to interact with lactose (constitutive repression). LacIS repressor is always bou ...
Molecular Cloning of Streptococcus bovis Lactose
... It has recently been suggested that the genetic manipulation of certain rumen bacteria could result in an enhanced efficiency of livestock production (Smith & Hespell, 1983; Armstrong & Gilbert, 1985). Progress in this field is hampered by the limited genetic analysis of important rumen bacteria; co ...
... It has recently been suggested that the genetic manipulation of certain rumen bacteria could result in an enhanced efficiency of livestock production (Smith & Hespell, 1983; Armstrong & Gilbert, 1985). Progress in this field is hampered by the limited genetic analysis of important rumen bacteria; co ...
central dogma
... A= The interrupted gene of eukaryotes is longer than its final mRNA and the protein it codes for. B= Prokaryotic gene is not a split gene. 1. Statement A is correct. 2. Statement B is correct. 3. Both the statements A and B are correct. 4. Both the statements A and B are incorrect. 24. structural ge ...
... A= The interrupted gene of eukaryotes is longer than its final mRNA and the protein it codes for. B= Prokaryotic gene is not a split gene. 1. Statement A is correct. 2. Statement B is correct. 3. Both the statements A and B are correct. 4. Both the statements A and B are incorrect. 24. structural ge ...
biology 1 - Saddleback College
... DNA replication - where, when & why does it occur (Chapter 16) • Be prepared to draw, label & explain a diagram of the replication fork (Figure 16.16) • structure of DNA - nitrogenous bases, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group • types of bonds involved • Chargoff’s rule - base pairing of the nitrogenous ...
... DNA replication - where, when & why does it occur (Chapter 16) • Be prepared to draw, label & explain a diagram of the replication fork (Figure 16.16) • structure of DNA - nitrogenous bases, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group • types of bonds involved • Chargoff’s rule - base pairing of the nitrogenous ...
How does Pol II
... causes a conformational change Torpedo: transcript cleavage allows degradation to occur ...
... causes a conformational change Torpedo: transcript cleavage allows degradation to occur ...
Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 4
... bacteria from each colony onto plates B, C, and D. The contents of the growth medium are listed below each plate. Complete medium contains all nutrients; minimal medium contains nutrients sufficient to allow wild-type bacteria to grow, but bacterial cells with mutations in a gene for any nutrient sy ...
... bacteria from each colony onto plates B, C, and D. The contents of the growth medium are listed below each plate. Complete medium contains all nutrients; minimal medium contains nutrients sufficient to allow wild-type bacteria to grow, but bacterial cells with mutations in a gene for any nutrient sy ...
Slide 1
... an inducible system and the substrate is the inducer. Obviously, this is highly adaptive, as the cell saves energy by only producing the enzyme when it is needed. - some enzymes are on all the time, and are only turned off if a compound (often the product of the metabolic process they are involved w ...
... an inducible system and the substrate is the inducer. Obviously, this is highly adaptive, as the cell saves energy by only producing the enzyme when it is needed. - some enzymes are on all the time, and are only turned off if a compound (often the product of the metabolic process they are involved w ...
Chem 352 - Fall 2014 - Exam II
... a. What class of biological molecule, e.g., amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, etc. does the product of this reaction belong to? ________________________ b. What is the name of the substrate in this reaction? _________________________ c. What class does this enzyme belong to? _________________________ ...
... a. What class of biological molecule, e.g., amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, etc. does the product of this reaction belong to? ________________________ b. What is the name of the substrate in this reaction? _________________________ c. What class does this enzyme belong to? _________________________ ...
Chapter Sixteen: Control of Gene Expression
... *16. Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic gene regulation. How are they similar? How are they different? Bacterial and eukaryotic gene regulation involves the action of protein repressors and protein activators. Cascades of gene regulation in which the activation of one set of genes affects ...
... *16. Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic gene regulation. How are they similar? How are they different? Bacterial and eukaryotic gene regulation involves the action of protein repressors and protein activators. Cascades of gene regulation in which the activation of one set of genes affects ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.