Composition and structure of DNA and RNA and differences
... o The B form is a right-handed helix with ten residues per 360o turn of the helix, and with the planes of the bases perpendicular to the helical axis. Chromosomal DNA is thought to consist primarily of B DNA o The A form is a right-handed helix but there are 11 bases per turn and the planes of the b ...
... o The B form is a right-handed helix with ten residues per 360o turn of the helix, and with the planes of the bases perpendicular to the helical axis. Chromosomal DNA is thought to consist primarily of B DNA o The A form is a right-handed helix but there are 11 bases per turn and the planes of the b ...
powerpoint notes
... • DNA polymerase builds the new DNA strand • DNA ligase “glues” DNA fragments together ...
... • DNA polymerase builds the new DNA strand • DNA ligase “glues” DNA fragments together ...
DNA-Polymerase
... Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure that consists of injecting DNA into agarose gel and then applying an electric current to the gel. As a result, the smaller DNA strands move faster than the larger strands through the gel toward the positive current. The size of the PCR product can be dete ...
... Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure that consists of injecting DNA into agarose gel and then applying an electric current to the gel. As a result, the smaller DNA strands move faster than the larger strands through the gel toward the positive current. The size of the PCR product can be dete ...
genetics review sheet
... A group of students wanted to determine how the ability to taste PTC, a nontoxic chemical, is passed from one generation to the next. The students decided to test families in their community for this ability. The students gave each family member a paper strip coated with a small amount of PTC. Those ...
... A group of students wanted to determine how the ability to taste PTC, a nontoxic chemical, is passed from one generation to the next. The students decided to test families in their community for this ability. The students gave each family member a paper strip coated with a small amount of PTC. Those ...
Modeling DNA Structure and Function
... III. Transcription Using the DNA molecule that you've just created, do the following: Build an mRNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands -- the so called template strand. That is, show your instructor what would happen if the DNA was being transcribed. ...
... III. Transcription Using the DNA molecule that you've just created, do the following: Build an mRNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands -- the so called template strand. That is, show your instructor what would happen if the DNA was being transcribed. ...
Chromosomes - life.illinois.edu
... How can chromosomes break? Ionizing radiation (production of free radicals, which act like little atomic "cannon balls", blasting through strands of DNA or c'somes. Chemical insult. ...
... How can chromosomes break? Ionizing radiation (production of free radicals, which act like little atomic "cannon balls", blasting through strands of DNA or c'somes. Chemical insult. ...
Restriction Mapping Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
... by one enzyme contains restriction sites for the other enzyme. Fragments are aligned by size. ...
... by one enzyme contains restriction sites for the other enzyme. Fragments are aligned by size. ...
Genome Organization and Replication
... K. Mistakes also need to be repaired 1. Wrong base pairing can occur: 2. Polymerase error rate is: 3. Errors are corrected by: 4. Mismatch repair system: ...
... K. Mistakes also need to be repaired 1. Wrong base pairing can occur: 2. Polymerase error rate is: 3. Errors are corrected by: 4. Mismatch repair system: ...
UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
... action of sunlight to be primarily attributable to the UV portion of the spectrum near 260 nm. This corresponds to the Amax for the DNA bases, whereas the Amax for proteins is near 280 nm. UV irradiation is a widely used a method for decontamination by "germicidal lamps". UV-induced mutagenicity (as ...
... action of sunlight to be primarily attributable to the UV portion of the spectrum near 260 nm. This corresponds to the Amax for the DNA bases, whereas the Amax for proteins is near 280 nm. UV irradiation is a widely used a method for decontamination by "germicidal lamps". UV-induced mutagenicity (as ...
Chapter 12 Review PPT
... Identify the three main components in the nucleotide The circles are the phosphate group, the pentagons are deoxyribose, and the A and T (adenosine and thymine) are the bases. ...
... Identify the three main components in the nucleotide The circles are the phosphate group, the pentagons are deoxyribose, and the A and T (adenosine and thymine) are the bases. ...
point of view that is personal rather than scientific
... Identify the three main components in the nucleotide The circles are the phosphate group, the pentagons are deoxyribose, and the A and T (adenosine and thymine) are the bases. ...
... Identify the three main components in the nucleotide The circles are the phosphate group, the pentagons are deoxyribose, and the A and T (adenosine and thymine) are the bases. ...
Sample Exam II
... 3. Genes on the same chromosome that are more than 50 map units apart 1. produce only crossover gametes. 2. must reside on opposite sides of the centromere. 3. are too far apart to produce crossover gametes. 4. behave no differently than if they were on different chromosomes. ...
... 3. Genes on the same chromosome that are more than 50 map units apart 1. produce only crossover gametes. 2. must reside on opposite sides of the centromere. 3. are too far apart to produce crossover gametes. 4. behave no differently than if they were on different chromosomes. ...
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA - Northwestern High School
... – DNA extremely long!!! • Human DNA actual size is 3 meters long • Chromosome 13 has a DNA segment 3.2 cm long ...
... – DNA extremely long!!! • Human DNA actual size is 3 meters long • Chromosome 13 has a DNA segment 3.2 cm long ...
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid
... The hydrogen bonding of one of the bases (A, C, G, T, U) with another, as dictated by the optimization of hydrogen bond formation in DNA (A-T and C-G) or in RNA (A-U and C-G). Two polynucleotide strands, or regions thereof, in which all the nucleotides form such base pairs are said to be complementa ...
... The hydrogen bonding of one of the bases (A, C, G, T, U) with another, as dictated by the optimization of hydrogen bond formation in DNA (A-T and C-G) or in RNA (A-U and C-G). Two polynucleotide strands, or regions thereof, in which all the nucleotides form such base pairs are said to be complementa ...
Topic Definition 3` Refers to the third carbon of the nucleic acid
... The hydrogen bonding of one of the bases (A, C, G, T, U) with another, as dictated by the optimization of hydrogen bond formation in DNA (A-T and C-G) or in RNA (A-U and C-G). Two polynucleotide strands, or regions thereof, in which all the nucleotides form such base pairs are said to be complementa ...
... The hydrogen bonding of one of the bases (A, C, G, T, U) with another, as dictated by the optimization of hydrogen bond formation in DNA (A-T and C-G) or in RNA (A-U and C-G). Two polynucleotide strands, or regions thereof, in which all the nucleotides form such base pairs are said to be complementa ...
MODELING DNA REPLICATION
... 6. Now join the two ends of the DNA model to form a circle. This represents the form of circular DNA found in bacteria called plasmids. We will use this model in the linear form, which is how DNA occurs in humans. The Steps of DNA Replication 1. Start with the two white DNA strands joined together. ...
... 6. Now join the two ends of the DNA model to form a circle. This represents the form of circular DNA found in bacteria called plasmids. We will use this model in the linear form, which is how DNA occurs in humans. The Steps of DNA Replication 1. Start with the two white DNA strands joined together. ...
Alternative Approaches to Molecular Biology
... Since each strand of the starting DNA is used as a template for one copy of the replicated DNA (semiconservative replication) one copy will be shorter than the other. After many, many rounds of replication, cells with dramatically shorter ends can result. ...
... Since each strand of the starting DNA is used as a template for one copy of the replicated DNA (semiconservative replication) one copy will be shorter than the other. After many, many rounds of replication, cells with dramatically shorter ends can result. ...
Presentation
... Nucleic Acids Nucleotides bond together to form nucleic acids • a phosphate group of one nucleotide attaches to the sugar of another nucleotide (covalent bond) • bases bond with complimentary bases (hydrogen bond) ...
... Nucleic Acids Nucleotides bond together to form nucleic acids • a phosphate group of one nucleotide attaches to the sugar of another nucleotide (covalent bond) • bases bond with complimentary bases (hydrogen bond) ...
(A) Cytosine (C)
... DNA : Introduction • The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a gene. • A gene is a small region in the DNA. • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information المعلومات الوراثية. • There are two types of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ...
... DNA : Introduction • The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a gene. • A gene is a small region in the DNA. • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information المعلومات الوراثية. • There are two types of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ...
lecture1
... treatment of this DNA with the enzyme produces 11 fragments, each with a precise length and nucleotide sequence. These fragments can be separated from one another and the sequence of each determined. HaeIII and AluI cut straight across the double helix producing "blunt" ends. However, many restricti ...
... treatment of this DNA with the enzyme produces 11 fragments, each with a precise length and nucleotide sequence. These fragments can be separated from one another and the sequence of each determined. HaeIII and AluI cut straight across the double helix producing "blunt" ends. However, many restricti ...
Nucleotide is composed of a ribose sugar, a base and a phosphate
... • Mediated by RNA polymerase • Transcription is initiated at the promotor site, which contain 2 highly conserved sequences ◦ Pribnow box or -10 (TATAAT box) located 10bp upstream of the transcription initiation site ◦ -35 bp sequence (TTGACA) located 35 bp upstream of the transcription initiation si ...
... • Mediated by RNA polymerase • Transcription is initiated at the promotor site, which contain 2 highly conserved sequences ◦ Pribnow box or -10 (TATAAT box) located 10bp upstream of the transcription initiation site ◦ -35 bp sequence (TTGACA) located 35 bp upstream of the transcription initiation si ...
chapter 14 15 16 study guide
... Autosomal recessive disorders and symptoms: cystic fibrosis: mucus buildup; chloride ions build up on the extracellular side of membrane; chronic bronchitis, asmtha, poor absorption of nutrients; extra salty sweat Albinism: no pigments Nondisjunction – homologous chromosomes (anaphase 1) or sister c ...
... Autosomal recessive disorders and symptoms: cystic fibrosis: mucus buildup; chloride ions build up on the extracellular side of membrane; chronic bronchitis, asmtha, poor absorption of nutrients; extra salty sweat Albinism: no pigments Nondisjunction – homologous chromosomes (anaphase 1) or sister c ...
Holliday junction
A Holliday junction is a branched nucleic acid structure that contains four double-stranded arms joined together. These arms may adopt one of several conformations depending on buffer salt concentrations and the sequence of nucleobases closest to the junction. The structure is named after the molecular biologist Robin Holliday, who proposed its existence in 1964.In biology, Holliday junctions are a key intermediate in many types of genetic recombination, as well as in double-strand break repair. These junctions usually have a symmetrical sequence and are thus mobile, meaning that the four individual arms may slide though the junction in a specific pattern that largely preserves base pairing. Additionally, four-arm junctions similar to Holliday junctions appear in some functional RNA molecules.Immobile Holliday junctions, with asymmetrical sequences that lock the strands in a specific position, were artificially created by scientists to study their structure as a model for natural Holliday junctions. These junctions also later found use as basic structural building blocks in DNA nanotechnology, where multiple Holliday junctions can be combined into specific designed geometries that provide molecules with a high degree of structural rigidity.