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midbrain Brain stem
midbrain Brain stem

A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real

Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA

... either pure tones or single words. Paulesu et al. found that areas of the posterior inferior temporal cortex and parieto-occipital junction – but not early visual areas V1, V2, or V4 – were activated during word listening more than during tone listening in synesthetic subjects, but not in controls. ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
T3 Final Paper - Drew University

... ANOVA F statistic (19.143) is primarily due to the great increase in number of correct withholds; this number more than doubled from the first session to the last one. The average number of correct withholds increased throughout almost each session: 20, 30, 29, 44, and 45. ...
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward

PDF
PDF

... possible to distinguish a broad leg area, arm area, and face area, there appears to be little somatotopic organization within each of these areas. The significance of this apparent disorder is not clear. Second, when neurons at one location in the map become active, do they specify joint angle, musc ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L

... activity during delivery of appetitive and aversive outcomes. Much less is known about modulation by salience during sampling of cues that predict outcomes. Notably, modulation of amygdala firing for cues that predict appetitive and aversive outcomes appears to occur in separate neurons, suggesting ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory

... number. One is “congruent" cells, whose preferred heading directions are similar in response to visual and vestibular cues; and the other is “opposite" cells, whose preferred heading directions are nearly “opposite" (with an offset of 180◦ ) in response to visual vs. vestibular cues. Congruent neuro ...
Mechanisms of Contour Perception in Monkey Visual Cortex. I. Lines
Mechanisms of Contour Perception in Monkey Visual Cortex. I. Lines

... would have to conclude that these signalsrepresenta stageof processingthat is preliminary, or completely unrelated, to the elaboration of contours. Our resultsindicate that signalsin area Vl of the monkey still represent a preliminary stage,whereas truly contour-related signals,by our definition, ar ...
A Comparison of Spiking Statistics in Motion Sensing Neurones of
A Comparison of Spiking Statistics in Motion Sensing Neurones of

... for that time window given the refractory period of the neurone. Thus the quasiPoisson curve reflects the dynamic range of the neurone, and the position of any data point along the abscissa indicates where a given firing rate falls within this dynamic range. The minimum variance curve, which does no ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li

... glutamate in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) increased in response to painful stimulus, and that the concentration of glutamate is strongly related to the subjective pain perception (Mullins et al., 2005). Hence, activation change of the mechanisms involved in cortical reorganization can reflect th ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia

... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and

... succinct presentation of basic sleep-waking mechanisms is necessary. Briefly, sleep-waking regulation involves reciprocal interactions between two opponent processes, one promoting arousal and inhibiting sleep, and the other promoting sleep and inhibiting wakefulness. Wake-promoting agents act throu ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar

... diseases have been viewed as a reflection of concomitant cerebral disease. Snider remarked in 1950 [in Henneman et al., 19521 that one of the problems he saw with the physiologic and anatomic investigations of the cerebellum was that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding

... predictive coding, because top-down predictions have to elicit obligatory responses in their targets (cells reporting prediction errors). In predictive coding, feedforward connections convey prediction errors, while feedback connections convey predictions from higher cortical areas to suppress predi ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
Neurulation I (Pevny)

... The epidermal ectoderm, folding at the DLHP fails to occur if epidermal ectoderm is removed. ...
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128

... conflict monitoring have varied across studies, and may not have been optimal for detecting deficits in these particular processes. Current theories of cognitive control do not make strong predictions about overall ability to perform attentiondemanding tasks. The cognitive system can perceive, atten ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the

Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus

... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
see clearly method
see clearly method

... one will be forced to admit that buried in a mass of seemingly foolish gestures and performances are sound and fruitful ideas. There is abundant evidence for the general proposal that exercises, repetition, practice and learning lead to better performance, to the acquisition of skill. Many ocular co ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements

... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation

... goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes 1948; Rescorla and LoLordo 1965; Rescorla 1968; Lovibond 1983; Balleine and Dickinson 1998; Holland and Gallagher 2003; Niv et al. 2006). These responses are understood associatively as response-outcome (R-O) learning and include hierarchic ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency

... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental

Dopamine in Schizophrenia
Dopamine in Schizophrenia

... dysfunction of cortical areas in schizophrenia. Thus, findings revealed a functional abnormality of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia (“hypofrontality”, e.g., Wolkin et al. 1985, 1988, 1992; Gur et al. 1987; Volkow et al. 1987; Weinberger 1988; Weinberger et al. 1988; Berman and Weinberger 1990; B ...
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Time perception



Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.
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