Temporal and spatial receptive field characteristics of tectal neurons
... structure, where the best activation of the cells occurs when one area is illuminated while the other area is in the dark. Further downstream in the visual pathway receptive fields can have a distinct geometrical structure, such as simple cells in mammalian V1 that are best driven by bars, or can be ...
... structure, where the best activation of the cells occurs when one area is illuminated while the other area is in the dark. Further downstream in the visual pathway receptive fields can have a distinct geometrical structure, such as simple cells in mammalian V1 that are best driven by bars, or can be ...
Visual system
... called emmetropia (G. emmetros, according to measure). Sadly, such eyes are rare. For example, many of us require glasses long, long before we reach age 45. Discrepancies between the eye and its optics cause the majority of the human population to have some form of refractive error. Refractive probl ...
... called emmetropia (G. emmetros, according to measure). Sadly, such eyes are rare. For example, many of us require glasses long, long before we reach age 45. Discrepancies between the eye and its optics cause the majority of the human population to have some form of refractive error. Refractive probl ...
Pupilllary Light Reflex Pathways
... contraction anisocoria occurs (direct PLR > indirect PLR) due to unequal decussation of fibers at chiasm and again after pre-tectal nuclei. PLR evaluation should also include the “swinging flashlight test” in which light is alternately shifted from one eye to other A normal response is characterize ...
... contraction anisocoria occurs (direct PLR > indirect PLR) due to unequal decussation of fibers at chiasm and again after pre-tectal nuclei. PLR evaluation should also include the “swinging flashlight test” in which light is alternately shifted from one eye to other A normal response is characterize ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... Simulation experiments further demonstrate that stimulus-dependent receptive fields can arise from extra-classical tuning with a static spike threshold nonlinearity. These findings demonstrate that a common neuronal nonlinearity can account for the stimulus dependence of receptive fields estimated f ...
... Simulation experiments further demonstrate that stimulus-dependent receptive fields can arise from extra-classical tuning with a static spike threshold nonlinearity. These findings demonstrate that a common neuronal nonlinearity can account for the stimulus dependence of receptive fields estimated f ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... lifelong sensorimotor experience in which the individual simultaneously observes and executes the same action (Heyes, 2001; Hommel et al., 2001; Keysers & Perrett, 2004). This hypothesis suggests that if an infant were unable to see her own actions and grew up in an environment where mirrors and imi ...
... lifelong sensorimotor experience in which the individual simultaneously observes and executes the same action (Heyes, 2001; Hommel et al., 2001; Keysers & Perrett, 2004). This hypothesis suggests that if an infant were unable to see her own actions and grew up in an environment where mirrors and imi ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... has been reported for rats that had undergone neonatal forelimb amputation w10x. In those animals, the expansion of gracile fibers into the cuneate nucleus was extensive, but there was minimal invasion of the forelimb region in cortex by hindlimb inputs. The major difference between forelimb amputat ...
... has been reported for rats that had undergone neonatal forelimb amputation w10x. In those animals, the expansion of gracile fibers into the cuneate nucleus was extensive, but there was minimal invasion of the forelimb region in cortex by hindlimb inputs. The major difference between forelimb amputat ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... to a fixed level, can be flexibly allocated or reallocated between two concurrent tasks based on their needs, and enhances behavioral performance when its allocation to one task is increased. Further, a metamemory task requiring spatial information has been used to understand the neural mechanism fo ...
... to a fixed level, can be flexibly allocated or reallocated between two concurrent tasks based on their needs, and enhances behavioral performance when its allocation to one task is increased. Further, a metamemory task requiring spatial information has been used to understand the neural mechanism fo ...
Neural Mechanisms of Addiction
... Opiate actions in the locus coeruleus (LC). Opiates acutely inhibit LC neurons by increasing the conductance of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel via coupling of µ opiate receptors with Gi/o . Additional acute inhibitory effects may reflect inhibition of an inward Na+ current also via Gi/o leading t ...
... Opiate actions in the locus coeruleus (LC). Opiates acutely inhibit LC neurons by increasing the conductance of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel via coupling of µ opiate receptors with Gi/o . Additional acute inhibitory effects may reflect inhibition of an inward Na+ current also via Gi/o leading t ...
Sensory receptors
... • Bats use sonar to detect their prey • Moths, a common prey for bats, can detect the bat’s sonar and attempt to flee • Both organisms have complex sensory systems that facilitate survival • These systems include diverse mechanisms that sense stimuli and generate appropriate movement Copyright © ...
... • Bats use sonar to detect their prey • Moths, a common prey for bats, can detect the bat’s sonar and attempt to flee • Both organisms have complex sensory systems that facilitate survival • These systems include diverse mechanisms that sense stimuli and generate appropriate movement Copyright © ...
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right
... The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (45) is a clinician-rated instrument that measures the presence and severity of anxiety. This instrument covers 14 symptoms. Each symptom is rated on a defined scale (0 to 4). Here, too, a higher numeric rating reflects greater symptom severity. The Hamilton Rating ...
... The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (45) is a clinician-rated instrument that measures the presence and severity of anxiety. This instrument covers 14 symptoms. Each symptom is rated on a defined scale (0 to 4). Here, too, a higher numeric rating reflects greater symptom severity. The Hamilton Rating ...
View Full Page PDF
... When analyzing architectonic organization in the PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observ ...
... When analyzing architectonic organization in the PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observ ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons require an interaction between a biological effector (hand or mouth) and an object. Th ...
... which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons require an interaction between a biological effector (hand or mouth) and an object. Th ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons require an interaction between a biological effector (hand or mouth) and an object. Th ...
... which respond to the presentation of an object, and mirror neurons, which respond when the monkey sees object-directed action (Rizzolatti & Luppino 2001). In order to be triggered by visual stimuli, mirror neurons require an interaction between a biological effector (hand or mouth) and an object. Th ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... The diffusion data was then processed using a spherical deconvolution approach based on the damped version of the Richardson Lucy algorithm as described in (Dell’acqua et al., 2010). The high SNR of the data allowed us to apply a relatively low regularisation threshold equal to h ¼ .02 without an ex ...
... The diffusion data was then processed using a spherical deconvolution approach based on the damped version of the Richardson Lucy algorithm as described in (Dell’acqua et al., 2010). The high SNR of the data allowed us to apply a relatively low regularisation threshold equal to h ¼ .02 without an ex ...
Mental rotation and object categorization share a common network
... implicated in MVPT (Corballis, 1997; Harris and Miniussi, 2003). The mental rotation task is a well-established spatial cognition paradigm in which participants see two objects in different orientations and decide whether they are either identical to each other (“same” objects) or left–right mirror ...
... implicated in MVPT (Corballis, 1997; Harris and Miniussi, 2003). The mental rotation task is a well-established spatial cognition paradigm in which participants see two objects in different orientations and decide whether they are either identical to each other (“same” objects) or left–right mirror ...
The auditory cortex
... number of ®elds increases from three or four in insectivores, to four to seven in rodents, and six to more than eight in carnivores and primates (Merzenich and Schreiner 1992; compare Fig. 5 in Stiebler et al. 1997, this volume) and, therefore, seems to depend on the relative size of the cortical su ...
... number of ®elds increases from three or four in insectivores, to four to seven in rodents, and six to more than eight in carnivores and primates (Merzenich and Schreiner 1992; compare Fig. 5 in Stiebler et al. 1997, this volume) and, therefore, seems to depend on the relative size of the cortical su ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... number of ungrammatical sentences. The logic behind averaging is to extract from the EEG only that information which is time-locked to the processing of the event. The result is a waveform containing a series of inflections that appear to the eye as "peaks" and "troughs", but which are usually all r ...
... number of ungrammatical sentences. The logic behind averaging is to extract from the EEG only that information which is time-locked to the processing of the event. The result is a waveform containing a series of inflections that appear to the eye as "peaks" and "troughs", but which are usually all r ...
Can We Really See a Million Colours? David Papineau Abstract
... surfaces are presented at separate times, the number of different surfaces that can reliably be judged to be the same or different by most observers is of the order of a few dozen, even under ideal conditions (Hamwi and Landis 1955). Orthodoxy attributes this poor performance in the diachronic succe ...
... surfaces are presented at separate times, the number of different surfaces that can reliably be judged to be the same or different by most observers is of the order of a few dozen, even under ideal conditions (Hamwi and Landis 1955). Orthodoxy attributes this poor performance in the diachronic succe ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... to the granular insular cortex. This is in accordance with Kasmal (4) who noted that in the dog there is a large insulopetal projection from the basal dorsal nucleus. Krettek and Price (5) found in the cat connections which originate in the anterior part of the basal dorsal nucleus and r e x h the a ...
... to the granular insular cortex. This is in accordance with Kasmal (4) who noted that in the dog there is a large insulopetal projection from the basal dorsal nucleus. Krettek and Price (5) found in the cat connections which originate in the anterior part of the basal dorsal nucleus and r e x h the a ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... cles located between the shoulder and digits. A consistent finding in all animals studied was that along a given row, distal muscle responses could be elicited from medially situated cortical loci and, conversely, proximal muscle responses from laterally situated cortical loci, contrary to what is ...
... cles located between the shoulder and digits. A consistent finding in all animals studied was that along a given row, distal muscle responses could be elicited from medially situated cortical loci and, conversely, proximal muscle responses from laterally situated cortical loci, contrary to what is ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... emotional expression. We review recent neurobiological data concerning the amygdala and the PFC and discuss how these data fit into a proposed framework for understanding interactions between emotion and cognition. The concept of a mental state plays a central role in our theoretical framework. We de ...
... emotional expression. We review recent neurobiological data concerning the amygdala and the PFC and discuss how these data fit into a proposed framework for understanding interactions between emotion and cognition. The concept of a mental state plays a central role in our theoretical framework. We de ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... followed by a more or less steady rate of thinning (P < 0.001 for the smooth effect of age; Fig. 1). A linear function yielded a much poorer fit, as evidenced by increases in Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian IC (BIC) > 10. Sex did not contribute significantly to the model and was th ...
... followed by a more or less steady rate of thinning (P < 0.001 for the smooth effect of age; Fig. 1). A linear function yielded a much poorer fit, as evidenced by increases in Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian IC (BIC) > 10. Sex did not contribute significantly to the model and was th ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.