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P. LeClair - The University of Alabama
P. LeClair - The University of Alabama

black hole
black hole

Why Aren`t All Galaxies Barred?
Why Aren`t All Galaxies Barred?

... disk of stars viewed "face-on" in which all stars are moving in an anti-clockwise direction just fast enough to put them on nearly circular orbits. I have lett out of the picture a second component of the computer model which represents the central bulge. This unseen component contains 25% of the to ...
planetary nebulae
planetary nebulae

The Solar System - Otto
The Solar System - Otto

... Figure 4.23 - Dark Cloud containing interstellar dust and gas ...
– 1 – 1. Star Formation At Low Metallicity 1.1.
– 1 – 1. Star Formation At Low Metallicity 1.1.

... recombines. Neutral H and He have few energy levels, all those of H are many eV above the ground state, and hence offer few possibilities for line radiation. They are very poor radiators for T < 104 K, and unless some other cooling mechanism enters, the cloud would contract adiabatically. If this ha ...
Time From the Perspective of a Particle Physicist
Time From the Perspective of a Particle Physicist

... Jupiter would reduce Sun’s light by 1%; Earth reduces by .01% “easy” (done by 7th grader at NIU Science Fair) once spotted can also analyze Doppler shift and try and observe atmosphere PHYS 162 ...
Lesson 1 – Explain – Page 375 “The Structure of
Lesson 1 – Explain – Page 375 “The Structure of

STAR FORMATION (Ch. 19)
STAR FORMATION (Ch. 19)

... Hard to detect because so faint, but by now 100s have been discovered. (Read Discovery 19-1, p. 511). It is still unknown whether brown dwarfs, which can be as low-mass as 0.01 Msun or even less, form in the same way stars do, or if some of them form like planets, in disks. High-mass stars: You may ...
The ISM
The ISM

... Temperatures 10 – 100 K. In such a cloud: – If a star’s worth of matter should clump together in a denser region than the rest of the cloud: – Gravitational attraction will win out over their combined pressure. – The clump will begin to collapse. – The cold cloud will fragment. ...
Life and Evolution of a Massive Star
Life and Evolution of a Massive Star

arXiv:0712.2297v1 [astro
arXiv:0712.2297v1 [astro

File
File

... • If AGB stars have more than ~ 8 solar masses, their cores will get hot enough to fuse elements up to iron – Stars with masses between 8 and ~15 times solar are called intermediate mass stars. They end as neutron stars. – Stars with masses greater than ~15 times solar are called high mass stars. Th ...
X-Ray Binaries
X-Ray Binaries

... • angular momentum loss from the system: gravitational radiation: . effective for Porb < ∼ 12 hr magnetic braking . red dwarf loses angular momentum in magnetic wind . tidal locking of secondary . extracts angular momentum from orbit ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Asteroids powerpoint - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Asteroids powerpoint - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... • (a) orbits the Sun inside the orbit of Jupiter • (b) does not have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape (it is not round shaped), • (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and • (d) is not a satellite. ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
Presentazione di PowerPoint

Estimate the Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale for a 5 solar mass star on
Estimate the Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale for a 5 solar mass star on

... is about 0.3 x the stellar mass (the Schoenberg-Chandrasekhar limit), and a fair estimate of the size of the core after collapse is 6 x 10-4 of the stellar radius (see Carroll & Ostlie, figure 13.7, and accommodate a drop in radius by a factor of 100 as the temperature rises from about 107 K to abou ...
Life Cycle of Stars
Life Cycle of Stars

... • Under collapse, protons and electrons combine to form neutrons. • 10 Km across Black Hole (If mass of core > 5 x Solar) • Not even compacted neutrons can support weight of very massive stars. ...
WORD - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
WORD - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... 12. An imaginary sphere of infinite extent with Earth at its center on which the stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies appear to be located is known as the a. Zodiac. b. celestial sphere. c. atmosphere. d. Valhalla. 13. Which one of the following statements is true about the celestial coordinat ...
Question Title
Question Title

... composed of helium and hydrogen, which formed as the universe expanded and cooled, could condense to form solar systems. Remember: Celestial bodies are any collection of matter/structure existing in space. The Big Bang theory describes how the giant gas clouds developed and were formed, but does not ...
Physical Sciences Astronomy: The Formation of The Solar System
Physical Sciences Astronomy: The Formation of The Solar System

... Justification: Heavier elements are harder to push and therefore will be effected less by the Sun’s solar wind. It is hypothesised that during the formation of our solar system, the Sun’s solar wind pushed the lighter elements further than the heavier elements. As a result, all of the terrestrial pl ...
Ch. 27 Notes
Ch. 27 Notes

Physics 50 Problem set for the week of ______ Chapter 10: angular
Physics 50 Problem set for the week of ______ Chapter 10: angular

... 1. A solid sphere with a mass of 5.15 kg and radius of 0.34 m starts from rest and rolls down an inclined plane. Find its velocity when it gets to the bottom if the ball starts at a height of 2.1 m above the horizontal. 2. A solid ball and a hollow ball roll down a ramp with an incline of 35 degrees ...
The Formation of High Mass Stars
The Formation of High Mass Stars

... allowing accretion onto protostellar core — Protostellar outflows resulting in optically thin cavities promote focusing of radiation and reduction of radiation pressure  enhances accretion — Radiation feedback from accreting protostars inhibits fragmentation (KKM 2007) — Outflows dynamically effect ...
< 1 ... 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 ... 158 >

Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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