Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
... Edited by Charles F. Stevens, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and approved January 26, 2006 (received for review August 8, 2005) ...
... Edited by Charles F. Stevens, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and approved January 26, 2006 (received for review August 8, 2005) ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... – Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) – Use G-proteins and second messenger system ...
... – Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) – Use G-proteins and second messenger system ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves was not statistically significant (P..05) for the monkeys examined in this study; therefore, changes observed in left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6 are most representative for chan ...
... retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves was not statistically significant (P..05) for the monkeys examined in this study; therefore, changes observed in left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6 are most representative for chan ...
Script - Making Neuroscience Fun
... Your nervous system is connected to every part of your body. It is what makes your body work. Your brain helps you to do all of the behaviors that you do. The brains most important job is helping to keep you alive – as an animal and as part of a species. There is so much to know about the nervous sy ...
... Your nervous system is connected to every part of your body. It is what makes your body work. Your brain helps you to do all of the behaviors that you do. The brains most important job is helping to keep you alive – as an animal and as part of a species. There is so much to know about the nervous sy ...
The Brain: How does it work?
... as in chess, music or math). • 1997 - 3 year-olds given piano keyboard training for six months showed long-term ST reasoning enhancement. ...
... as in chess, music or math). • 1997 - 3 year-olds given piano keyboard training for six months showed long-term ST reasoning enhancement. ...
Frames, Coherency Chains and Hierarchical Binding: The Cortical Markus Werning (-duesseldorf.de)
... Von der Malsburg’s (1981) supposition that the synchronous oscillation of neuronal responses constitutes a mechanism that binds the responses of feature specific neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed resp ...
... Von der Malsburg’s (1981) supposition that the synchronous oscillation of neuronal responses constitutes a mechanism that binds the responses of feature specific neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed resp ...
Dorsal Horn Plasticity
... DRGs following peripheral nerve injury. It is thought that this increase expression could lead to GABA-induced action potential generation in afferent terminals in the spinal cord. These action potentials could be conducted into the peripheral terminals of afferent fibers where they could release pe ...
... DRGs following peripheral nerve injury. It is thought that this increase expression could lead to GABA-induced action potential generation in afferent terminals in the spinal cord. These action potentials could be conducted into the peripheral terminals of afferent fibers where they could release pe ...
local - Ruhr-Universität Bochum
... Von der Malsburg’s (1981) supposition that the synchronous oscillation of neuronal responses constitutes a mechanism that binds the responses of feature specific neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed resp ...
... Von der Malsburg’s (1981) supposition that the synchronous oscillation of neuronal responses constitutes a mechanism that binds the responses of feature specific neurons when these features are instantiated by the same object has been frequently applied to explain the integration of distributed resp ...
Mirror Neurons: Fire to Inspire
... Hypothesis postulates the stages in biological evolution of brain as it develops from mirror system for manual action of last common ancestor monkeys which enable us to detect more fine action to their abilities in other neural circuits and last common ancestors including the chimpanzees for imitati ...
... Hypothesis postulates the stages in biological evolution of brain as it develops from mirror system for manual action of last common ancestor monkeys which enable us to detect more fine action to their abilities in other neural circuits and last common ancestors including the chimpanzees for imitati ...
Crossmodal and action-specific: neuroimaging the human mirror
... final goal of a series of actions could be understood [2,3]. Fourth, the class of mirror neurons is heterogeneous with respect to tuning properties of individual neurons on various dimensions including hand and direction preference [4], distance to the observed actor [8], and viewpoint of the observ ...
... final goal of a series of actions could be understood [2,3]. Fourth, the class of mirror neurons is heterogeneous with respect to tuning properties of individual neurons on various dimensions including hand and direction preference [4], distance to the observed actor [8], and viewpoint of the observ ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... The superior colliculus (SC) is a layered midbrain structure important for multimodal integration and sensorimotor transformation. Its superficial layers are purely visual and receive depth-specific projections from distinct subtypes of retinal ganglion cells. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging ...
... The superior colliculus (SC) is a layered midbrain structure important for multimodal integration and sensorimotor transformation. Its superficial layers are purely visual and receive depth-specific projections from distinct subtypes of retinal ganglion cells. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging ...
Saladin 5e Extended Outline
... a. They are flattened nerve endings that terminate adjacent to tactile (Merkel) cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. 3. Hair receptors (peritrichial endings) monitor the movements of hairs. a. They consist of a few dendrites entwined around the base of a hair follicle and respond to any light ...
... a. They are flattened nerve endings that terminate adjacent to tactile (Merkel) cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. 3. Hair receptors (peritrichial endings) monitor the movements of hairs. a. They consist of a few dendrites entwined around the base of a hair follicle and respond to any light ...
The Spinal Cord and Reflexes Notes
... is continuous with the brain and emerges from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull stretches downward for approx. 42 - 45 cm through the vertebral foramen there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen ...
... is continuous with the brain and emerges from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull stretches downward for approx. 42 - 45 cm through the vertebral foramen there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... in the network: owing to the recurrent nature of cortical circuits, activity in the network provides an additional source of synaptic inputs (the active state from other brain regions can also contribute to the response of a network, but from the perspective of any given local network this is equiva ...
... in the network: owing to the recurrent nature of cortical circuits, activity in the network provides an additional source of synaptic inputs (the active state from other brain regions can also contribute to the response of a network, but from the perspective of any given local network this is equiva ...
Blind Separation of Spatio-temporal Data Sources
... separation of ‘neural cliques’ from the background firing activity of a neural network. The approach is generic in that it is applicable to any ...
... separation of ‘neural cliques’ from the background firing activity of a neural network. The approach is generic in that it is applicable to any ...
BOX 30.8 THE ROLE OF THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS IN
... “hyperdirect” pathway between the frontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus. The broader sequence of events that engages this pathway is as follows. Sensory information about the stop signal (in this case, the car) is quickly relayed to the prefrontal cortex, where the stopping command must be gene ...
... “hyperdirect” pathway between the frontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus. The broader sequence of events that engages this pathway is as follows. Sensory information about the stop signal (in this case, the car) is quickly relayed to the prefrontal cortex, where the stopping command must be gene ...
III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... Sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels originates from the hypothalamus. The first synapse is in the intermediolateral column of the cervical spinal cord, and the second synapse is in the superior cervical ganglion. Sympathetic fibers contain norepinephrine and neuropeptide-Y; their activa ...
... Sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels originates from the hypothalamus. The first synapse is in the intermediolateral column of the cervical spinal cord, and the second synapse is in the superior cervical ganglion. Sympathetic fibers contain norepinephrine and neuropeptide-Y; their activa ...
23mri2
... Kim et al, Distinct cortical areas associated with native and second languages, Nature 388:171 (1997) ...
... Kim et al, Distinct cortical areas associated with native and second languages, Nature 388:171 (1997) ...
The Cerebellum Anatomically consists of two hemispheres and
... The human cerebellar cortex is actually a large folded sheet, deep beneath the folded mass of cerebellar cortex lies the deep cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellum can not initiate muscle function by itself, instead, it always function in association with other systems of motor control. Basically the cerebe ...
... The human cerebellar cortex is actually a large folded sheet, deep beneath the folded mass of cerebellar cortex lies the deep cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellum can not initiate muscle function by itself, instead, it always function in association with other systems of motor control. Basically the cerebe ...
Sacrificing America On The Altar Of Mediocrity
... These neurons are cells composed of long arms (axons) with tiny branches at the end (dendrites). Axons take information away from the cell body and branch further from the cell body. Dendrites, on the other hand bring information to the cell body and branch near the cell body. Axons have been descri ...
... These neurons are cells composed of long arms (axons) with tiny branches at the end (dendrites). Axons take information away from the cell body and branch further from the cell body. Dendrites, on the other hand bring information to the cell body and branch near the cell body. Axons have been descri ...
psyc223
... Placebos and opioid agonist have a related analgesia mechanism, the same regions of the brain are affected by both treatments Hidden Treatment: the patient is not aware of when a drug is administered ...
... Placebos and opioid agonist have a related analgesia mechanism, the same regions of the brain are affected by both treatments Hidden Treatment: the patient is not aware of when a drug is administered ...
2 CHAPTER The Biology of Behavior Chapter Preview Our nervous
... occupy the greatest amount of cortical space. Researchers are testing whether a device implanted in the motor cortex might help severely paralyzed people to control behavior with their mind. The sensory cortex, a region at the front of the parietal lobes, registers and processes body sensations. The ...
... occupy the greatest amount of cortical space. Researchers are testing whether a device implanted in the motor cortex might help severely paralyzed people to control behavior with their mind. The sensory cortex, a region at the front of the parietal lobes, registers and processes body sensations. The ...
Dynamic expression of ATF3 as a novel tool to study activation and
... and extrinsic factors that allow neuronal tissue recovery after injury in newborn opossums are not fully understood, the process is likely to be related to the abundance of neuronal endogenous SPCs in the developing spinal tissue. Can the endogenous stem cell potential be activated in the adult huma ...
... and extrinsic factors that allow neuronal tissue recovery after injury in newborn opossums are not fully understood, the process is likely to be related to the abundance of neuronal endogenous SPCs in the developing spinal tissue. Can the endogenous stem cell potential be activated in the adult huma ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.