Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
DeepNetUnderstand
... a specific input image. They record the network’s representation of that specific image and then reconstruct an image that produces a similar code. Thus, their method provides insight into what the activation of a whole layer represent, not what an individual neuron represents. This is a very useful ...
... a specific input image. They record the network’s representation of that specific image and then reconstruct an image that produces a similar code. Thus, their method provides insight into what the activation of a whole layer represent, not what an individual neuron represents. This is a very useful ...
Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic
... observed decreases in the number of apical dendritic branch points and total apical dendritic length in a 100-/~m-thick section with C O R T treatment. The fact that we observed no differences in cross-sectional cell body area supports the notion that the cells selected for quantitative analysis in ...
... observed decreases in the number of apical dendritic branch points and total apical dendritic length in a 100-/~m-thick section with C O R T treatment. The fact that we observed no differences in cross-sectional cell body area supports the notion that the cells selected for quantitative analysis in ...
lec#10 done by Dima Kilani
... postganglionic neuron and the effectors and interact with different adrenergic receptors on them (α1, α2, β1 , β2) the sympathetic effect on sweat glands follows the same mechanism except that Ach is the major (final) sympathetic NT released by the postganglionic neuron. Also in adrenal gland we hav ...
... postganglionic neuron and the effectors and interact with different adrenergic receptors on them (α1, α2, β1 , β2) the sympathetic effect on sweat glands follows the same mechanism except that Ach is the major (final) sympathetic NT released by the postganglionic neuron. Also in adrenal gland we hav ...
ANS_jh - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... branch to the skin Ascend or descend within sympathetic trunk, synapse with a posganglionic neuron within a chain ganglion, and return to spinal nerve at that level and follow branches to skin Enter sympathetic chain, pass through without ...
... branch to the skin Ascend or descend within sympathetic trunk, synapse with a posganglionic neuron within a chain ganglion, and return to spinal nerve at that level and follow branches to skin Enter sympathetic chain, pass through without ...
The Nervous System - Blackwell Publishing
... between nerve cells. These highly specialized cells are called neurons. Their interactive nature is precisely what is so special about them. Each neuron’s activity is controlled not just by its own internal condition, but by the myriad inputs it receives from other neurons, from sensory detection ap ...
... between nerve cells. These highly specialized cells are called neurons. Their interactive nature is precisely what is so special about them. Each neuron’s activity is controlled not just by its own internal condition, but by the myriad inputs it receives from other neurons, from sensory detection ap ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
Lecture 9B
... • Isochronicity in at least some neuronal networks seems to be achieved via differential myelination and myelination may be experience-dependent. • Considering the many variables affecting conduction delays in an adult brain, genetic instruction alone would seem inadequate to specify the optimal con ...
... • Isochronicity in at least some neuronal networks seems to be achieved via differential myelination and myelination may be experience-dependent. • Considering the many variables affecting conduction delays in an adult brain, genetic instruction alone would seem inadequate to specify the optimal con ...
Editorial overview: Development and regeneration: Nervous system
... The second part of the issue focuses on cell-intrinsic signaling pathways. A large body of evidence suggests that these pathways control axon growth not only during development but that their manipulation can induce regeneration. Mairet-Coello and Polleux describe several molecular pathways that con ...
... The second part of the issue focuses on cell-intrinsic signaling pathways. A large body of evidence suggests that these pathways control axon growth not only during development but that their manipulation can induce regeneration. Mairet-Coello and Polleux describe several molecular pathways that con ...
brain movement and disorder
... Brainstem: (1) pons: connects cerebellum to cerebral hemispheres (2) midbrain: controller of stereotyped movements, balance Cerebellum: specialized motor movement processor : timing, coordination, precision (by moderating force and range of motion) + learning of motor skills) Diencephalon: thalamus: ...
... Brainstem: (1) pons: connects cerebellum to cerebral hemispheres (2) midbrain: controller of stereotyped movements, balance Cerebellum: specialized motor movement processor : timing, coordination, precision (by moderating force and range of motion) + learning of motor skills) Diencephalon: thalamus: ...
Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi © 2016 Ebneshahidi
... concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients for each of these ions across the cell membrane. 3. There is electrical potential differences across the membrane ...
... concerned with are Na+, K+, Cl- ,and anions-. 2. There are differences in concentration of these various ions between the inside and outside of the cell, so there are conc. gradients for each of these ions across the cell membrane. 3. There is electrical potential differences across the membrane ...
RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB)
... The neural circuitry of the olfactory system is elaborate and complex. Each OSN expresses a single OR type, and OSNs expressing the same ORs all converge their axons to one glomerulus in the OB. Olfactory information is interpreted from the activation patterns of over 1,000 sets of glomeruli, stimul ...
... The neural circuitry of the olfactory system is elaborate and complex. Each OSN expresses a single OR type, and OSNs expressing the same ORs all converge their axons to one glomerulus in the OB. Olfactory information is interpreted from the activation patterns of over 1,000 sets of glomeruli, stimul ...
Neural Prostheses - Gert Cauwenberghs
... Realistic spike trains driven by series of light pulses. (a) Voltage traces showing spikes in a single current-clamped hippocampal neuron, in response to three deliveries of a Poisson train (with mean interval = 100 ms) of light pulses (gray dashes). (b) Trial-to-trial repeatability of light-evoked ...
... Realistic spike trains driven by series of light pulses. (a) Voltage traces showing spikes in a single current-clamped hippocampal neuron, in response to three deliveries of a Poisson train (with mean interval = 100 ms) of light pulses (gray dashes). (b) Trial-to-trial repeatability of light-evoked ...
01_MEEG_Origin
... “Caton has already published experiments on the brains of dogs and apes in which bare unipolar electrodes were placed either on the cereral cortex and the other on the surface of the skull. The currents were measured by a sensitive galvanometer. There were found distinct variations in current, whic ...
... “Caton has already published experiments on the brains of dogs and apes in which bare unipolar electrodes were placed either on the cereral cortex and the other on the surface of the skull. The currents were measured by a sensitive galvanometer. There were found distinct variations in current, whic ...
Learning receptive fields using predictive feedback
... the role of early sensory processing is to remove redundancy in the input, resulting in a more sparse and statistically independent output. Building on these early ideas, it was posited that earlylevel response properties might result from predictive feedback (Rao and Ballard, 1999). Specifically, gi ...
... the role of early sensory processing is to remove redundancy in the input, resulting in a more sparse and statistically independent output. Building on these early ideas, it was posited that earlylevel response properties might result from predictive feedback (Rao and Ballard, 1999). Specifically, gi ...
Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and
... requires two key conditions: a reader-classifier and a temporal frame. Neurons come together in transient time frames to produce a composite downstream effect, which cannot be achieved by single neurons alone. The most important modus operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; En ...
... requires two key conditions: a reader-classifier and a temporal frame. Neurons come together in transient time frames to produce a composite downstream effect, which cannot be achieved by single neurons alone. The most important modus operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; En ...
Prenatal and postnatal development of laterally
... input patterns consisted of noisy patterns of neural activity (figure 2a). These patterns were chosen to match retinal waves, which are the best-characterized source of spontaneous activity in early development. However, they can also represent any other spontaneous activity that includes large patc ...
... input patterns consisted of noisy patterns of neural activity (figure 2a). These patterns were chosen to match retinal waves, which are the best-characterized source of spontaneous activity in early development. However, they can also represent any other spontaneous activity that includes large patc ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... dose of steroid (micrograms/gm of body weight/day) delivered by each type of hormone implant as a function of the chick’s age. Abbreviations in the figure are explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, e ...
... dose of steroid (micrograms/gm of body weight/day) delivered by each type of hormone implant as a function of the chick’s age. Abbreviations in the figure are explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, e ...
DOC
... discovered and have been studied in animals, both taste aversion and taste-potentiated odor aversion learning are seen in humans undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. They probably represent a very specialized form of learning in a situation where the organism must learn to avoid poisonous foods after ...
... discovered and have been studied in animals, both taste aversion and taste-potentiated odor aversion learning are seen in humans undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. They probably represent a very specialized form of learning in a situation where the organism must learn to avoid poisonous foods after ...
Extended PDF
... related neurons, as they provide crucial information on the division pattern and lineage potential of labeled progenitors, which would be otherwise unavailable from a conventional labeling strategy. We quantified the size of clones labeled at different embryonic stages and found that the average clo ...
... related neurons, as they provide crucial information on the division pattern and lineage potential of labeled progenitors, which would be otherwise unavailable from a conventional labeling strategy. We quantified the size of clones labeled at different embryonic stages and found that the average clo ...
chapt08_lecture
... d. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): visualizes increased neuronal activity in different brain regions indirectly by looking at blood flow 1) Release of the neurotransmitter glutamate increases vasodilation of blood vessels in the area. 2) Active brain regions receive more oxyhemoglobin; ...
... d. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): visualizes increased neuronal activity in different brain regions indirectly by looking at blood flow 1) Release of the neurotransmitter glutamate increases vasodilation of blood vessels in the area. 2) Active brain regions receive more oxyhemoglobin; ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenMark (Nicolaı¨ et al., 2010) localized exclusively to the horizontal MB lobe tips, while the presynaptic active zone protein Syd-1 (Owald et al., 2010) localized to the processes of the M4/6 neurons that lie outside of the MB in the superior media ...
... compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenMark (Nicolaı¨ et al., 2010) localized exclusively to the horizontal MB lobe tips, while the presynaptic active zone protein Syd-1 (Owald et al., 2010) localized to the processes of the M4/6 neurons that lie outside of the MB in the superior media ...
Review on Methods of Selecting Number of Hidden Nodes in
... because the network matches the data so closely as to lose its generalization ability over the test data. This paper gives some introduction to artificial neural network and its activation function. Also give information about learning methods of ANN as well as various application of ANN. In this pa ...
... because the network matches the data so closely as to lose its generalization ability over the test data. This paper gives some introduction to artificial neural network and its activation function. Also give information about learning methods of ANN as well as various application of ANN. In this pa ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.