Neural Correlates Underlying Action-intention and Aim-intention Mauro Adenzato () Cristina Becchio
... expression here being "I intend to do X", while intending in the we-mode means intending as a group member, the relevant intention-expression here being "we together intend to do X" (where X can be done together or separately by us). ...
... expression here being "I intend to do X", while intending in the we-mode means intending as a group member, the relevant intention-expression here being "we together intend to do X" (where X can be done together or separately by us). ...
Brain Waves Volunteer Instructor Guide
... When light enters the eye through the lens, it is captured on the retina at the back of the eye. The retina has cells, rods and cones, that sense light. Rods are for night vision and seeing movement. Cones detect colour and detail. This information goes through optic nerves and travels to the brain. ...
... When light enters the eye through the lens, it is captured on the retina at the back of the eye. The retina has cells, rods and cones, that sense light. Rods are for night vision and seeing movement. Cones detect colour and detail. This information goes through optic nerves and travels to the brain. ...
Theory of Arachnid Prey Localization
... The sand scorpion is a nocturnal animal whose eyes are rudimentary. It lives in the deserts of Southern California and feeds mainly on small insects and other scorpions. During the daytime it stays in a burrow about 30 cm below the surface to escape surface temperatures of over 60 ±C. After sunset i ...
... The sand scorpion is a nocturnal animal whose eyes are rudimentary. It lives in the deserts of Southern California and feeds mainly on small insects and other scorpions. During the daytime it stays in a burrow about 30 cm below the surface to escape surface temperatures of over 60 ±C. After sunset i ...
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... Many sensory neurons spontaneously generate action potentials at a low rate. Therefore, a stimulus does not switch the production of action potentials on or off in these neurons. Rather, it modulates action potential frequency. The processing, or integration, of sensory information begins as ...
... Many sensory neurons spontaneously generate action potentials at a low rate. Therefore, a stimulus does not switch the production of action potentials on or off in these neurons. Rather, it modulates action potential frequency. The processing, or integration, of sensory information begins as ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors
... Laboratory, The Salk Institute, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92138-9216. Copyright 0 1987 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/87/103334-09%02.00/O ...
... Laboratory, The Salk Institute, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92138-9216. Copyright 0 1987 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/87/103334-09%02.00/O ...
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
... The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord. A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form a tract or fasciculus ...
... The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord. A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form a tract or fasciculus ...
(addl. 3)
... Neural complexity: In cortical neurons, synapses themselves vary widely, with ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels, receptive to a variety of transmitters [7]. Action potentials arriving at the synapses create post-synaptic potentials on the dendritic arbor that combine in a number of ways. Compl ...
... Neural complexity: In cortical neurons, synapses themselves vary widely, with ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels, receptive to a variety of transmitters [7]. Action potentials arriving at the synapses create post-synaptic potentials on the dendritic arbor that combine in a number of ways. Compl ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
... Organization of V1: Ocular dominance columns: only exist, where the visual field is covered by both eyes. Large part of cortex in human, only little area in rodents, do not normally exist in frogs and fish. Form stripes 300-500m in width, areas which predominantly respond to input from one eye. Blo ...
... Organization of V1: Ocular dominance columns: only exist, where the visual field is covered by both eyes. Large part of cortex in human, only little area in rodents, do not normally exist in frogs and fish. Form stripes 300-500m in width, areas which predominantly respond to input from one eye. Blo ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... Neural complexity: In cortical neurons, synapses themselves vary widely, with ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels, receptive to a variety of transmitters [7]. Action potentials arriving at the synapses create post-synaptic potentials on the dendritic arbor that combine in a number of ways. Compl ...
... Neural complexity: In cortical neurons, synapses themselves vary widely, with ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels, receptive to a variety of transmitters [7]. Action potentials arriving at the synapses create post-synaptic potentials on the dendritic arbor that combine in a number of ways. Compl ...
Infant Physical Development2016
... ◦ No harmful effects on infants have been noted ◦ Can reduce milk supply ...
... ◦ No harmful effects on infants have been noted ◦ Can reduce milk supply ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... it is presently unknown whether dynamic memory fields exist in these areas as well. Such fields could be used along with rate information to decode the direction of a planned reach. Local field potential (LFP) activity in LIP also exhibits spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by the exis ...
... it is presently unknown whether dynamic memory fields exist in these areas as well. Such fields could be used along with rate information to decode the direction of a planned reach. Local field potential (LFP) activity in LIP also exhibits spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by the exis ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... currents were calculated using kinetic models of synaptic transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pul ...
... currents were calculated using kinetic models of synaptic transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pul ...
The Nervous System Introducion
... • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - watery fluid formed from plasma that circulates through the central nervous system and function as a shock absorber ...
... • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - watery fluid formed from plasma that circulates through the central nervous system and function as a shock absorber ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... areas are located in the posterolateral cortical waJl beneath the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The primary auditory area, 41 in Krieg's (1946a) classification, is the most dorsal and anterior part; Zilles et al. (1980) calls it TE 1. Two secondary auditory areas (TE3, TE2) form an incomple ...
... areas are located in the posterolateral cortical waJl beneath the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The primary auditory area, 41 in Krieg's (1946a) classification, is the most dorsal and anterior part; Zilles et al. (1980) calls it TE 1. Two secondary auditory areas (TE3, TE2) form an incomple ...
Article Review - Make up assignment
... 8. What is the role of neurotransmitters in taste cells? 9. Explain the role of ion channels in the perceptions of salty and sour tastes. 10. What is gustducin and why is this so important to the author’s article? 11. Are individual taste c3ells oriented to specific taste stimuli? Explain 12. In the ...
... 8. What is the role of neurotransmitters in taste cells? 9. Explain the role of ion channels in the perceptions of salty and sour tastes. 10. What is gustducin and why is this so important to the author’s article? 11. Are individual taste c3ells oriented to specific taste stimuli? Explain 12. In the ...
Taste, Smell, and Touch: Lecture Notes
... o Humans can tell the difference between 10,000 different odors. But often it is difficult to name the odors. People who are trained to recognize odors (wine experts or perfume experts) are not necessarily any more sensitive with their nose - just better at retrieving names of smells from memory. o ...
... o Humans can tell the difference between 10,000 different odors. But often it is difficult to name the odors. People who are trained to recognize odors (wine experts or perfume experts) are not necessarily any more sensitive with their nose - just better at retrieving names of smells from memory. o ...
Cranial Nerve Locations CN I Olfactory ----------
... Appears to have a high iron content and is more vascular than the surrounding tissue - in some brains is pinkish Inputs arise from motor areas of the brain and in particular the deep cerebellar nuclei (via superior cerebellar peduncle; crossed projection) and the motor cortex Outputs: rubrospi ...
... Appears to have a high iron content and is more vascular than the surrounding tissue - in some brains is pinkish Inputs arise from motor areas of the brain and in particular the deep cerebellar nuclei (via superior cerebellar peduncle; crossed projection) and the motor cortex Outputs: rubrospi ...
09_chapter_3
... southwestward, northwestward). Let P4 denote the experimental data set recorded under the first condition, and P8 the second. Both data sets include not only reach trials but also brain control trials. ...
... southwestward, northwestward). Let P4 denote the experimental data set recorded under the first condition, and P8 the second. Both data sets include not only reach trials but also brain control trials. ...
Williams Syndrome Neuronal Size and Neuronal-Packing Density in Primary Visual Cortex
... pathways have been characterized on the basis of anatomical,41 psychophysical,42,43 and physiological properties.28,44 Neurons in these 2 systems differ in terms of receptive field size, sensitivity to color and light contrast, and timing properties. The parvo system is ideally suited for form, text ...
... pathways have been characterized on the basis of anatomical,41 psychophysical,42,43 and physiological properties.28,44 Neurons in these 2 systems differ in terms of receptive field size, sensitivity to color and light contrast, and timing properties. The parvo system is ideally suited for form, text ...
Lecture 26 revised 03/10 Upper Motor Control Last lecture we
... of spinal cord circuitry- How is movement controlled by the brain? Must explain how alpha motor neurons are controlled since they control the muscles. Recall- medial alpha motor neurons innervate axial and proximal limb muscles; lateral motor neurons innervate distal limb muscles. in turn, these alp ...
... of spinal cord circuitry- How is movement controlled by the brain? Must explain how alpha motor neurons are controlled since they control the muscles. Recall- medial alpha motor neurons innervate axial and proximal limb muscles; lateral motor neurons innervate distal limb muscles. in turn, these alp ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Responses were averaged over multiple trials (8 to 57 trials per cell), and the ...
... thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Responses were averaged over multiple trials (8 to 57 trials per cell), and the ...
Using calcium imaging to understand function and learning in L2/3
... organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize function and learning in the cortex. In the first study, I used population calcium i ...
... organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize function and learning in the cortex. In the first study, I used population calcium i ...
spinal cord
... The white matter contains axons that transfer information up and down the spinal cord. Ascending tracts that take sensory information to the brain occupy the dorsal and external lateral portions of the cord, ...
... The white matter contains axons that transfer information up and down the spinal cord. Ascending tracts that take sensory information to the brain occupy the dorsal and external lateral portions of the cord, ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.