Hypothesis /Prediction
... “London – In a major report form the British Psychological Society, British physicians and psychologists are warned not to follow the Canadian and U.S. practice of applying the label attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to such a wide variety of behaviors in children.”(http://www.mentalhe ...
... “London – In a major report form the British Psychological Society, British physicians and psychologists are warned not to follow the Canadian and U.S. practice of applying the label attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to such a wide variety of behaviors in children.”(http://www.mentalhe ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... that perceptual information is coded in one or another aspect of the neural ring pattern, such as the spike rate or the distribution of the interspike times, measured across either a single neuron or a population of neurons. However, auditory nerve neurons dier in more than just their characterist ...
... that perceptual information is coded in one or another aspect of the neural ring pattern, such as the spike rate or the distribution of the interspike times, measured across either a single neuron or a population of neurons. However, auditory nerve neurons dier in more than just their characterist ...
Human Physiology/The Nervous System
... Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons. For instance, t ...
... Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons. For instance, t ...
Imaging Brain Slices
... validating experiments, but as exploratory tools that generate new ideas, leading into new fields. Moreover, in our experience, the difference between a difficult experiment working or not often depends on minute technical details. These details are normally acquired with great effort by the investi ...
... validating experiments, but as exploratory tools that generate new ideas, leading into new fields. Moreover, in our experience, the difference between a difficult experiment working or not often depends on minute technical details. These details are normally acquired with great effort by the investi ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
The subiculum comes of age
... and synaptic reorganization. Recent data supports such reactive changes, since in temporal lobe slices obtained after surgery on TLE patients, the subiculum but not the hippocampus generates an interictal-like activity (Cohen et al., 2002). A subicular focus should facilitate propagation of epilepti ...
... and synaptic reorganization. Recent data supports such reactive changes, since in temporal lobe slices obtained after surgery on TLE patients, the subiculum but not the hippocampus generates an interictal-like activity (Cohen et al., 2002). A subicular focus should facilitate propagation of epilepti ...
Synchrony between Neurons with Similar Muscle Fields in Monkey
... with low synchronization values nevertheless reached significance. This is partly because significance testing was applied to individual bins, while the synchronization value represents the average of the five central bins. In addition, the significance level will depend upon the number of spikes us ...
... with low synchronization values nevertheless reached significance. This is partly because significance testing was applied to individual bins, while the synchronization value represents the average of the five central bins. In addition, the significance level will depend upon the number of spikes us ...
The Nervous System - Division of Social Sciences
... repair, and cleanup damaged areas. Mounting evidence suggests that glial ...
... repair, and cleanup damaged areas. Mounting evidence suggests that glial ...
Somatic and Special Senses
... tissues, except in the nervous tissue of the brain, which lacks pain receptors. Functions as protection. Adapts poorly, if at all. Once a pain receptor is activated, it may send impulses into the central nervous system for some time. It is believed that injuries promote release of certain chemicals ...
... tissues, except in the nervous tissue of the brain, which lacks pain receptors. Functions as protection. Adapts poorly, if at all. Once a pain receptor is activated, it may send impulses into the central nervous system for some time. It is believed that injuries promote release of certain chemicals ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... In recent years, the development of MRI protocols suitable to visualize differ ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, ...
... In recent years, the development of MRI protocols suitable to visualize differ ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, ...
Guide to the CERAD Form
... nftfr, nftte, nftpa, and nftoc record the severity of neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices respectively. The pathology is graded as none = 0, sparse (one or two affected neurons per section) =1, moderate (several affected neurons per section) = 3 and sev ...
... nftfr, nftte, nftpa, and nftoc record the severity of neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices respectively. The pathology is graded as none = 0, sparse (one or two affected neurons per section) =1, moderate (several affected neurons per section) = 3 and sev ...
Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control
... of a heterogeneous population of neurons, containing GABA and glutamate in addition to acetylcholine.15 Different neuronal types within the PPN area may have different functions with their own inter-connections to multiple parts of the brain. There are connections to cerebral cortex, multiple basal ...
... of a heterogeneous population of neurons, containing GABA and glutamate in addition to acetylcholine.15 Different neuronal types within the PPN area may have different functions with their own inter-connections to multiple parts of the brain. There are connections to cerebral cortex, multiple basal ...
Rapid Neural Coding in the Retina with Relative Spike Latencies
... Fig. 4. Responses of a fast OFF ganglion cell to a flashed natural image. (For results from other cell types, see fig. S9.) (A) Photograph of a swimming salamander larva projected on the retina. The ellipse in the upper right corner shows a sample 1-SD outline of a ganglion cell receptive field. In ...
... Fig. 4. Responses of a fast OFF ganglion cell to a flashed natural image. (For results from other cell types, see fig. S9.) (A) Photograph of a swimming salamander larva projected on the retina. The ellipse in the upper right corner shows a sample 1-SD outline of a ganglion cell receptive field. In ...
Cellular processes underlying maturation of P19 neurons: Changes
... model to reveal the cellular program underlying neurite extension and synapse maturation. Recently, a proteomic comparative study on P19 neurons showed that neural differentiation is associated with marked changes in the expression of about 30 proteins that are either induced or repressed relative t ...
... model to reveal the cellular program underlying neurite extension and synapse maturation. Recently, a proteomic comparative study on P19 neurons showed that neural differentiation is associated with marked changes in the expression of about 30 proteins that are either induced or repressed relative t ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. ...
... enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. ...
Neurological Understanding of Surrogate Healing in
... mirror neurons could be absent in autism, which I was demonstrating as to be false - more about that in another article). Another interesting fact here is that in order for the child with autism to experience the relief in the symptoms he/she may be struggling with, it is not necessary for the child ...
... mirror neurons could be absent in autism, which I was demonstrating as to be false - more about that in another article). Another interesting fact here is that in order for the child with autism to experience the relief in the symptoms he/she may be struggling with, it is not necessary for the child ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... It may not be coincidence that cells in which this interaction has been observed (e.g. pyramidal cortical neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons) exhibit spontaneous glutamate-driven plateau depolarizations when recorded in vivo (O’Donnell and Grace, 1995; Wilson and Kawaguchi, 1996; Lewis and O’ ...
... It may not be coincidence that cells in which this interaction has been observed (e.g. pyramidal cortical neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons) exhibit spontaneous glutamate-driven plateau depolarizations when recorded in vivo (O’Donnell and Grace, 1995; Wilson and Kawaguchi, 1996; Lewis and O’ ...
Bioscreening, Biophotonics, and Micromanipulation
... instrumentation with which these models are studied. In recent years, the advantages of using small invertebrate animals as model systems for human disease have become increasingly apparent, and have resulted in two Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine during the last five years for studies condu ...
... instrumentation with which these models are studied. In recent years, the advantages of using small invertebrate animals as model systems for human disease have become increasingly apparent, and have resulted in two Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine during the last five years for studies condu ...
Somatic and Special Senses
... tissues, except in the nervous tissue of the brain, which lacks pain receptors. Functions as protection. Adapts poorly, if at all. Once a pain receptor is activated, it may send impulses into the central nervous system for some time. It is believed that injuries promote release of certain chemicals ...
... tissues, except in the nervous tissue of the brain, which lacks pain receptors. Functions as protection. Adapts poorly, if at all. Once a pain receptor is activated, it may send impulses into the central nervous system for some time. It is believed that injuries promote release of certain chemicals ...
Early Neuronal Loss and Axonal/Presynaptic Damage is Associated
... leads to dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is consequence of a severe loss of synapses and neurons that selectively affects particular cell subpopulations in brain areas critical for learning and memory [1–6]. Although transgenic mice, based on the overexpression of proteins harboring one or seve ...
... leads to dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is consequence of a severe loss of synapses and neurons that selectively affects particular cell subpopulations in brain areas critical for learning and memory [1–6]. Although transgenic mice, based on the overexpression of proteins harboring one or seve ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.