Chapter 11 Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control
... Autonomic Synapse or Neuroeffector Junction (Figure 11-8, p. 392) Neurotransmitter release can be modulated here by hormones and paracrines (e.g. histamine) which can either facilitate or inhibit neurotransmitter release Some preganglionic neurons co-secrete neuropeptides along with ACh The peptide ...
... Autonomic Synapse or Neuroeffector Junction (Figure 11-8, p. 392) Neurotransmitter release can be modulated here by hormones and paracrines (e.g. histamine) which can either facilitate or inhibit neurotransmitter release Some preganglionic neurons co-secrete neuropeptides along with ACh The peptide ...
University of Groningen Ascending projections from spinal
... All work presented in this thesis was performed in the context of research on the ‘emotional sensorimotor system’. The first part of the thesis concerns input from the brainstem to the PAG. Projections from the spinal cord to the PAG had been studied thoroughly, but projections from the brainstem to ...
... All work presented in this thesis was performed in the context of research on the ‘emotional sensorimotor system’. The first part of the thesis concerns input from the brainstem to the PAG. Projections from the spinal cord to the PAG had been studied thoroughly, but projections from the brainstem to ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... neurons are exquisitely sensitive to spatially localized changes in luminance that signify appearance, disappearance or movement in the visual field58–61. They are, however, comparatively insensitive to static contrast, velocity, wavelength and the geometric configuration of visual stimuli58–61. Vis ...
... neurons are exquisitely sensitive to spatially localized changes in luminance that signify appearance, disappearance or movement in the visual field58–61. They are, however, comparatively insensitive to static contrast, velocity, wavelength and the geometric configuration of visual stimuli58–61. Vis ...
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
... http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/08/the-centrality-of-ca2-signaling-andcytoskeleton-involving-calmodulin-kinases-and-ryanodine-receptors-in-cardiac-failure-arterialsmooth-muscle-post-ischemic-arrhythmia-similarities-and-differen/ ...
... http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/08/the-centrality-of-ca2-signaling-andcytoskeleton-involving-calmodulin-kinases-and-ryanodine-receptors-in-cardiac-failure-arterialsmooth-muscle-post-ischemic-arrhythmia-similarities-and-differen/ ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
Document
... allowing for investigation of the structure and function of neural networks. By turning genetically specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as ...
... allowing for investigation of the structure and function of neural networks. By turning genetically specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as ...
From hand actions to speech: evidence and speculations
... involvement particularly when there is the necessity to combine single elements in order to extract a particular meaning. In a recent experiment Wilson et al. (Wilson, Saygin, Sereno, & Iacoboni, 2004) carried out an fMRI study in which subjects listened passively ...
... involvement particularly when there is the necessity to combine single elements in order to extract a particular meaning. In a recent experiment Wilson et al. (Wilson, Saygin, Sereno, & Iacoboni, 2004) carried out an fMRI study in which subjects listened passively ...
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex - John Allman
... the functioning of anterior cingulate cortex varies between the poles of restless anxiety and focused problem solving. This is consistent with the common experience that focusing on a problem relieves anxiety. There is also evidence that, when the subject is aware of having made an error, there is a ...
... the functioning of anterior cingulate cortex varies between the poles of restless anxiety and focused problem solving. This is consistent with the common experience that focusing on a problem relieves anxiety. There is also evidence that, when the subject is aware of having made an error, there is a ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... ________ or __________, and the signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next. a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most com ...
... ________ or __________, and the signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next. a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most com ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... constants, and the slowest of which are represented by relatively few samples (see Blatz and Magleby, 1986; Sigworth and Sine, 1987; McManus et al., 1987). Hence, logarithmic plots were routinely used for the analysis of intraburst open and closed times as well as burst duration, and in these cases ...
... constants, and the slowest of which are represented by relatively few samples (see Blatz and Magleby, 1986; Sigworth and Sine, 1987; McManus et al., 1987). Hence, logarithmic plots were routinely used for the analysis of intraburst open and closed times as well as burst duration, and in these cases ...
JEDNAK KSIAZKI
... allowing for investigation of the structure and function of neural networks. By turning genetically specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as ...
... allowing for investigation of the structure and function of neural networks. By turning genetically specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as ...
Seizure, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression are closely
... activation of presynaptic metabotropic GLU receptors (Cartmell and Schoepp, 2000), 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and protein kinases (Perkinton and Sihra, 1999). It was believed for years that the main pathogenetic factor in epilepsies was the impairment of GABAergic transmission (Meldrum, 19 ...
... activation of presynaptic metabotropic GLU receptors (Cartmell and Schoepp, 2000), 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and protein kinases (Perkinton and Sihra, 1999). It was believed for years that the main pathogenetic factor in epilepsies was the impairment of GABAergic transmission (Meldrum, 19 ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... present address is The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts ...
... present address is The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... at the cortical injection sites. The central zone, located immediately adjacent to the needle track, was characterized by dense and primarily uniform immunoreactive staining for virus and marked tissue necrosis. In some instances, this zone was lost during histological processing. The peripheral zon ...
... at the cortical injection sites. The central zone, located immediately adjacent to the needle track, was characterized by dense and primarily uniform immunoreactive staining for virus and marked tissue necrosis. In some instances, this zone was lost during histological processing. The peripheral zon ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
2320Lecture20
... – changes accompanied by full-field transients are hard to detect • e.g. change blindness • orienting mechanism is blinded by the transient ...
... – changes accompanied by full-field transients are hard to detect • e.g. change blindness • orienting mechanism is blinded by the transient ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... The motor response evoked at each stimulation site was determined by visual inspection and muscle palpation. The threshold current for each response was defined as the stimulus intensity that evoked movement in 50% of the trials. These data were entered into a computer program that ...
... The motor response evoked at each stimulation site was determined by visual inspection and muscle palpation. The threshold current for each response was defined as the stimulus intensity that evoked movement in 50% of the trials. These data were entered into a computer program that ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
... Taken together, their results suggest a region-specific pattern of cortico-hippocampal interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that the ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
final scientific program
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
autonomic nervous system
... lens. Parasympathetic stimulation contracts the sphincter muscle of the iris pupillary constriction. 2. Heart decrease the rate of the heart. 3. Gastrointestinal promoting peristalsis and relaxing the sphincter. ...
... lens. Parasympathetic stimulation contracts the sphincter muscle of the iris pupillary constriction. 2. Heart decrease the rate of the heart. 3. Gastrointestinal promoting peristalsis and relaxing the sphincter. ...
Organism and nervous system
... It is not possible to produce any signal after any other signal The possible following signals are determined by the interior mechanisms of the cell From outside we see a conditional probability distribution over the set of all communication signals that can be produced by the cell E.g., refra ...
... It is not possible to produce any signal after any other signal The possible following signals are determined by the interior mechanisms of the cell From outside we see a conditional probability distribution over the set of all communication signals that can be produced by the cell E.g., refra ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.