Neuronal adjustments in developing nuclear centers
... & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fore and hind limbbuds in 2-day-old chick embryos, a massive degeneration of cell ...
... & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fore and hind limbbuds in 2-day-old chick embryos, a massive degeneration of cell ...
O-Nervous System I
... White Matter – mostly myelinated axons. Nerve fiber – a single axon of a neuron. Nerve – a bundle of axons in the PNS. Tract – a bundle of axons ins the CNS. Ganglion – a cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS. Nucleus – gray matter in CNS with common function. ...
... White Matter – mostly myelinated axons. Nerve fiber – a single axon of a neuron. Nerve – a bundle of axons in the PNS. Tract – a bundle of axons ins the CNS. Ganglion – a cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS. Nucleus – gray matter in CNS with common function. ...
Visual Responses of Pulvinar and Collicular Neurons During Eye
... stimulus movement during periods of fixation with those to motion caused by saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Neurons in the inferior pulvinar (PI), lateral pulvinar (PL), and superior colliculus were tested. 2. Cells in PI and PL respond to stimulus movement over a wide range of speeds. Some of th ...
... stimulus movement during periods of fixation with those to motion caused by saccadic or pursuit eye movements. Neurons in the inferior pulvinar (PI), lateral pulvinar (PL), and superior colliculus were tested. 2. Cells in PI and PL respond to stimulus movement over a wide range of speeds. Some of th ...
Artificial Neural Network for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease using
... is the average squared difference between outputs and targets. Lower values are better while zero means no error. After making several trains, it was found that for learning rate of 0.01 at 4390 epochs lead to fast convergence with minimum error . In this experiment our performance goal is met and t ...
... is the average squared difference between outputs and targets. Lower values are better while zero means no error. After making several trains, it was found that for learning rate of 0.01 at 4390 epochs lead to fast convergence with minimum error . In this experiment our performance goal is met and t ...
Cerebellar Abnormalities Based on Chemical Neuroanatomy
... Nagoya is one of the Cav2.1 channel mutant mice first described by Oda (1973) [33], and exhibits motor deficits characterized by their frequent lurching and abnormal cyclic movements of the hindlimbs when walking, yet not exhibiting epilepsy as seen in tottering and leaner [36,57]. The gene mutation ...
... Nagoya is one of the Cav2.1 channel mutant mice first described by Oda (1973) [33], and exhibits motor deficits characterized by their frequent lurching and abnormal cyclic movements of the hindlimbs when walking, yet not exhibiting epilepsy as seen in tottering and leaner [36,57]. The gene mutation ...
RNA Oxidation Is a Prominent Feature of
... After enzyme treatment the DNA or RNA that was remaining was evaluated by immunostaining with a mouse monoclonal antibody to DNA, clone 16-13 (1:1000; Chemicon, Temecula, CA), or by histochemical staining with methyl green-pyronin (Bancroft and Stevens, 1996), a method that differentially stains DNA ...
... After enzyme treatment the DNA or RNA that was remaining was evaluated by immunostaining with a mouse monoclonal antibody to DNA, clone 16-13 (1:1000; Chemicon, Temecula, CA), or by histochemical staining with methyl green-pyronin (Bancroft and Stevens, 1996), a method that differentially stains DNA ...
Neural computations associated with goal
... However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate ...
... However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate ...
Structure of the central nervous system of a juvenile acoel
... ini.uzh.ch/∼acardona/trakem2.html). The axonal processes, the sensory neurons, the nerve cords, and the central nervous system, which were revealed by the anti-tyrosin tubulin antibody, were outlined using the modeling functions. The traces were rendered in the program to generate a 3D model of the ...
... ini.uzh.ch/∼acardona/trakem2.html). The axonal processes, the sensory neurons, the nerve cords, and the central nervous system, which were revealed by the anti-tyrosin tubulin antibody, were outlined using the modeling functions. The traces were rendered in the program to generate a 3D model of the ...
Learning nonlinear functions on vectors: examples and predictions
... that best describes what it does. The basal ganglia perform action selection, the prefrontal cortex plans and performs abstract thinking, and so on. In theoretical neuroscience, functions are the mathematical operations that can be combined to bring about that higher-level verbal description. While ...
... that best describes what it does. The basal ganglia perform action selection, the prefrontal cortex plans and performs abstract thinking, and so on. In theoretical neuroscience, functions are the mathematical operations that can be combined to bring about that higher-level verbal description. While ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... can be broadly released within the CNS and exert combinatorial and non-linear effects (Brezina, 2010). In addition, we know little about how these gatekeepers are themselves regulated, yet such knowledge is also critical for understanding how the expression of a behavioral state is controlled. Here, ...
... can be broadly released within the CNS and exert combinatorial and non-linear effects (Brezina, 2010). In addition, we know little about how these gatekeepers are themselves regulated, yet such knowledge is also critical for understanding how the expression of a behavioral state is controlled. Here, ...
PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS OF THE
... axonal collaterals of the cortical basket cells is considered to be an indication of their maturity. Since perieellular baskets are not yet present at this age in prenatal life the cortical basket cells are considered to be developing but still immature at this age. At the time of birth, cortical ba ...
... axonal collaterals of the cortical basket cells is considered to be an indication of their maturity. Since perieellular baskets are not yet present at this age in prenatal life the cortical basket cells are considered to be developing but still immature at this age. At the time of birth, cortical ba ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... To investigate whether L2/3 interneurons are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, ...
... To investigate whether L2/3 interneurons are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, ...
Principles of Neural Science
... separate parts, the matrix and striosome compartments (the latter also referred to as patches). These compartments differ histochemically from one another and have different receptors. The striosome compartment receives its major input from limbic cortex and projects primarily to the substantia nigr ...
... separate parts, the matrix and striosome compartments (the latter also referred to as patches). These compartments differ histochemically from one another and have different receptors. The striosome compartment receives its major input from limbic cortex and projects primarily to the substantia nigr ...
Drosophila GABA, short neuropeptide F and their receptors
... cytoplasm where it can start a signalling cascade by influencing ion channels directly or by affecting the adenylate cyclase pathway. This pathway includes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP) that functions as a second messenger. Second messengers can influence ion channels or affect nuclear ...
... cytoplasm where it can start a signalling cascade by influencing ion channels directly or by affecting the adenylate cyclase pathway. This pathway includes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP) that functions as a second messenger. Second messengers can influence ion channels or affect nuclear ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... great a difference between the nervous system of the nakedeyed and covered-eyed Medusae, that simultaneous description of the nervous systems in both groups is not…practical”. This statement was made during his discussion of the histological results obtained by Hertwig and Hertwig (1878); however, R ...
... great a difference between the nervous system of the nakedeyed and covered-eyed Medusae, that simultaneous description of the nervous systems in both groups is not…practical”. This statement was made during his discussion of the histological results obtained by Hertwig and Hertwig (1878); however, R ...
Chapter 11: Sex differences in spatial intelligence
... Various lines of research support the notion that we have a specialised brain region for processing faces. Neurons in monkeys appear to be selectively responsive to faces, patients with prosopagnosia are unable to recognise familiar faces (but can recognise other objects and can identify features of ...
... Various lines of research support the notion that we have a specialised brain region for processing faces. Neurons in monkeys appear to be selectively responsive to faces, patients with prosopagnosia are unable to recognise familiar faces (but can recognise other objects and can identify features of ...
ling411-10-MEG
... Flux is therefore relatively easy to detect if dendrites are parallel to surface of skull • i.e., for pyramidal neurons along the sides of sulci But hard or impossible to detect if vertical • i.e., for pyramidal neurons at tops of gyri or at bottoms of sulci ...
... Flux is therefore relatively easy to detect if dendrites are parallel to surface of skull • i.e., for pyramidal neurons along the sides of sulci But hard or impossible to detect if vertical • i.e., for pyramidal neurons at tops of gyri or at bottoms of sulci ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... quantification were blinded before analysis. Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing ...
... quantification were blinded before analysis. Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing ...
ppt
... Csibra : “if mirror activity represents a copy of the observed motor act, it is not sufficiently general to capture the goal of that motor act; conversely, if it is sufficiently general for goal understanding, it cannot be interpreted in terms of a direct matching mechanism between sensory and mot ...
... Csibra : “if mirror activity represents a copy of the observed motor act, it is not sufficiently general to capture the goal of that motor act; conversely, if it is sufficiently general for goal understanding, it cannot be interpreted in terms of a direct matching mechanism between sensory and mot ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... The STRFs had 3 ms time resolution and 387.5 Hz frequency resolution. The analyses presented here focus on the STRF parameters, because the offset term and spike history filter differ only minimally between song and noise GLMs and contribute marginally and insignificantly to differences in predictiv ...
... The STRFs had 3 ms time resolution and 387.5 Hz frequency resolution. The analyses presented here focus on the STRF parameters, because the offset term and spike history filter differ only minimally between song and noise GLMs and contribute marginally and insignificantly to differences in predictiv ...
EUGENE GARFIELD
... invisible college, the reviewer is expcted to include all relevant research, whether it is original scientific effort or otherwise. ...
... invisible college, the reviewer is expcted to include all relevant research, whether it is original scientific effort or otherwise. ...
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: the same, but different?
... Similarly, very little is known about how mutations in these different genes lead to such devastating effects upon the brain [13,14], with apparently relatively few consequences in the rest of the body. Nor is it clear how genes that code for proteins of such radically different nature and that are ...
... Similarly, very little is known about how mutations in these different genes lead to such devastating effects upon the brain [13,14], with apparently relatively few consequences in the rest of the body. Nor is it clear how genes that code for proteins of such radically different nature and that are ...
Culture of primary rat hippocampal neurons
... the cell. For example, growth cones at the tips of axons are sensitive to directional cues provided by gradients of chemoattractants and chemorepellants, which guide the axons to their targets (Oliva et al. 2003). Axons are also susceptible to local damage, a common cause of neurodegeneration. Axons ...
... the cell. For example, growth cones at the tips of axons are sensitive to directional cues provided by gradients of chemoattractants and chemorepellants, which guide the axons to their targets (Oliva et al. 2003). Axons are also susceptible to local damage, a common cause of neurodegeneration. Axons ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... cortical subfields, respectively and display pronounced synaptic pathology in Cathepsin D deficient mice (Partanen et al., 2008). Immunohistochemical staining for these proteins revealed pronounced changes in the intensity and distribution of staining for these markers in the thalamocortical system of ...
... cortical subfields, respectively and display pronounced synaptic pathology in Cathepsin D deficient mice (Partanen et al., 2008). Immunohistochemical staining for these proteins revealed pronounced changes in the intensity and distribution of staining for these markers in the thalamocortical system of ...
Inhibition of Notch Signaling in Human Embryonic Stem CellDerived
... Notch signaling can be blocked interfering pharmacologically with c-secretase activity. In this study, we used the GSI DAPT, which was previously shown to phenocopy Notch mutations [11, 12]. On DAPT treatment, release of NICD was abolished in lt-hESNSCs (Fig. 1A). Consistent with the inhibition of N ...
... Notch signaling can be blocked interfering pharmacologically with c-secretase activity. In this study, we used the GSI DAPT, which was previously shown to phenocopy Notch mutations [11, 12]. On DAPT treatment, release of NICD was abolished in lt-hESNSCs (Fig. 1A). Consistent with the inhibition of N ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.