Mechanism of relation among heart meridian, referred cardiac pain
... cardiac sympathetic nerve stimuli were expressed as spike numbers. Global mean results were performed analysis of variance and were always presented as means ± SE. Paired t test and linear regression analysis were used for studying the significance of variations; a P value below was considered being ...
... cardiac sympathetic nerve stimuli were expressed as spike numbers. Global mean results were performed analysis of variance and were always presented as means ± SE. Paired t test and linear regression analysis were used for studying the significance of variations; a P value below was considered being ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom ...
... University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom ...
ACQ_and_the_Basal_Ganglia
... • Different actor-critic architectures have been proposed for learning different value functions: – V(s) = State values (most common) – V(a) = Action values – Q(s,a) = State, action pair values ...
... • Different actor-critic architectures have been proposed for learning different value functions: – V(s) = State values (most common) – V(a) = Action values – Q(s,a) = State, action pair values ...
![A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015818027_1-1fa81e941fb4f1ccea189d2b012bbb09-300x300.png)
A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].
... Biophysics of sensory transduction by mechanoreceptors Indentation or lateral stretch of the skin is believed to excite mechanoreceptors by direct gating of cation channels in the sensory nerve ending. Mechanical stimulation deforms the receptor protein, thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, ...
... Biophysics of sensory transduction by mechanoreceptors Indentation or lateral stretch of the skin is believed to excite mechanoreceptors by direct gating of cation channels in the sensory nerve ending. Mechanical stimulation deforms the receptor protein, thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, ...
e. Nervous System - 2404 copy
... 100’s of different neurotransmitters have so far been discovered eg. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, etc ...
... 100’s of different neurotransmitters have so far been discovered eg. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, etc ...
Nervous System - Austin Community College
... 100’s of different neurotransmitters have so far been discovered eg. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, etc ...
... 100’s of different neurotransmitters have so far been discovered eg. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, etc ...
Glossary OF terms in Spinal Cord Injury Research
... where presumably the spinal cord injury is undergoing both degeneration and repair. • Aorta. This is the large artery that comes directly from the heart, goes downward along the spinal column, and supplies blood to most of the lower body, including the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Occlusion of t ...
... where presumably the spinal cord injury is undergoing both degeneration and repair. • Aorta. This is the large artery that comes directly from the heart, goes downward along the spinal column, and supplies blood to most of the lower body, including the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Occlusion of t ...
Phys Chapter 59 [4-20
... So a grand mall attack involves abnormal activation of the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and subthalamic brainstem parts of the brain activating system o Most people who have grand mal attacks have a hereditary predisposition to epilepsy In these people, things that can increase the excitability enou ...
... So a grand mall attack involves abnormal activation of the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and subthalamic brainstem parts of the brain activating system o Most people who have grand mal attacks have a hereditary predisposition to epilepsy In these people, things that can increase the excitability enou ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... above pathology was absent or minimally present (see below). To assess neuronal loss, most authors examined serial sections of basal forebrain between anterior commissure and optic tract. Cells greater than 30 microns with visible nucleoli were counted in comparable sections from patients and age-ma ...
... above pathology was absent or minimally present (see below). To assess neuronal loss, most authors examined serial sections of basal forebrain between anterior commissure and optic tract. Cells greater than 30 microns with visible nucleoli were counted in comparable sections from patients and age-ma ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... extensively studied and a diverse range of these have been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: re ...
... extensively studied and a diverse range of these have been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: re ...
(lateral spinothalamic tract).
... jerk quickly back to the opposite side; or vertigo (dizziness, sense of room spinning); ...
... jerk quickly back to the opposite side; or vertigo (dizziness, sense of room spinning); ...
Neural network
... construct finite-state machines. • Can be used to simulate logic gates: – AND: Let all wji be Tj/n, where n is the number of inputs. – OR: Let all wji be Tj – NOT: Let threshold be 0, single input with a negative weight. ...
... construct finite-state machines. • Can be used to simulate logic gates: – AND: Let all wji be Tj/n, where n is the number of inputs. – OR: Let all wji be Tj – NOT: Let threshold be 0, single input with a negative weight. ...
Facial Expression Classification Using RBF AND Back
... Neural computing has re- emerged as an important programming paradigm that attempts to mimic the functionality of the human brain. This area has been developed to solve demanding pattern processing problems, like speech and image processing, which were intractable or extremely cumbersome when implem ...
... Neural computing has re- emerged as an important programming paradigm that attempts to mimic the functionality of the human brain. This area has been developed to solve demanding pattern processing problems, like speech and image processing, which were intractable or extremely cumbersome when implem ...
Visceral Sensory Areas
... • Diverging circuit—one presynaptic neuron synapses with several other neurons (divergence) • Converging circuit—many neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron (convergence) • Reverberating circuit—circuit that receives feedback via a collateral axon from a neuron in the circuit • Serial proce ...
... • Diverging circuit—one presynaptic neuron synapses with several other neurons (divergence) • Converging circuit—many neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron (convergence) • Reverberating circuit—circuit that receives feedback via a collateral axon from a neuron in the circuit • Serial proce ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... labelling was assessed, and all immunopositive neurons throughout the depth of the selected sections were included. Quantification of the co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were consider ...
... labelling was assessed, and all immunopositive neurons throughout the depth of the selected sections were included. Quantification of the co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were consider ...
prenatal formation of cortical input and development of
... the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral prefrontostriatal connections predominate, and only a small and variable amount of label is detectable over the contralateral neostriatu ...
... the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral prefrontostriatal connections predominate, and only a small and variable amount of label is detectable over the contralateral neostriatu ...
48nervous
... • Schwann cells are found within the PNS. – Form a myelin sheath by insulating axons. ...
... • Schwann cells are found within the PNS. – Form a myelin sheath by insulating axons. ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... A critical aspect of this approach is the sparse labeling of only a subset of neurons so that accurate counting of synaptic distributions is feasible, in a way that is not possible with antibody staining. PSD95-GFP labeling in vivo shows that most stable spines have large PSD95 puncta, but a small p ...
... A critical aspect of this approach is the sparse labeling of only a subset of neurons so that accurate counting of synaptic distributions is feasible, in a way that is not possible with antibody staining. PSD95-GFP labeling in vivo shows that most stable spines have large PSD95 puncta, but a small p ...
Physiology of Behavior
... are caused by mechanical deformation of the skin. Vibration occurs when we move our fingers across a rough surface. Thus, we use vibration sensitivity to judge an object’s roughness. Sensations of warmth and coolness are produced by objects that raise or lower skin temperature. Sensations of pain ca ...
... are caused by mechanical deformation of the skin. Vibration occurs when we move our fingers across a rough surface. Thus, we use vibration sensitivity to judge an object’s roughness. Sensations of warmth and coolness are produced by objects that raise or lower skin temperature. Sensations of pain ca ...
PDF file
... node are hand-selected and boundaries between conceptual modules are handcrafted, there is a class of Generative DNs (GDNs) whose learning is fully autonomous inside each network, using the signals in the sensors and effectors. (2) In contrast with an SN whose expansion requires a manual re-design b ...
... node are hand-selected and boundaries between conceptual modules are handcrafted, there is a class of Generative DNs (GDNs) whose learning is fully autonomous inside each network, using the signals in the sensors and effectors. (2) In contrast with an SN whose expansion requires a manual re-design b ...
Neural basis of learning and memory
... been strengthened through repeated use by LTP. The process occurs as if the rule ‘use it or lose it’ is being followed. LTD may, for example, enable old memories or unused connections and pathways for previously learned information or skills to be cleared out. LTD may be what allows us to correct ou ...
... been strengthened through repeated use by LTP. The process occurs as if the rule ‘use it or lose it’ is being followed. LTD may, for example, enable old memories or unused connections and pathways for previously learned information or skills to be cleared out. LTD may be what allows us to correct ou ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
THE BRAIN`S CONCEPTS: THE ROLE OF THE SENSORY
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.