Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... (EOG). (In animal B, EOGs were recorded with an Iscan infrared oculometer.) The implant was fixed to the skull with stainless steel screws and several layers of dental cement. Glass-insulated, platinum-plated tungsten microelectrodes stuck inside a metal guide cannula served to record extracellularl ...
... (EOG). (In animal B, EOGs were recorded with an Iscan infrared oculometer.) The implant was fixed to the skull with stainless steel screws and several layers of dental cement. Glass-insulated, platinum-plated tungsten microelectrodes stuck inside a metal guide cannula served to record extracellularl ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... Intracellular recordings have shown that the slow neocortical oscillation consists of an EEG depthnegative phase coinciding with increased firing in all classes of cortical cells, and an EEG depth-positive phase associated with neuronal silence [2]. This oscillation also occurs in subcortical struct ...
... Intracellular recordings have shown that the slow neocortical oscillation consists of an EEG depthnegative phase coinciding with increased firing in all classes of cortical cells, and an EEG depth-positive phase associated with neuronal silence [2]. This oscillation also occurs in subcortical struct ...
Two different lateral amygdala cell populations contribute to the
... approaches1,4,5. However, LA is composed of several subdivisions. We focused on LAd because tract tracing and physiological studies show that this region is the primary target of pathways that transmit the auditory CS to the amygdala25–27 and is a site of CS and US convergence28, and because previou ...
... approaches1,4,5. However, LA is composed of several subdivisions. We focused on LAd because tract tracing and physiological studies show that this region is the primary target of pathways that transmit the auditory CS to the amygdala25–27 and is a site of CS and US convergence28, and because previou ...
Hypothalamus and Limbic System
... Temperature regulation is an excellent example of a servo-control mechanism operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding ...
... Temperature regulation is an excellent example of a servo-control mechanism operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding ...
ANS.Neuroscience.09
... running across the necks of the ribs in the thorax and along the vertebral bodies in the abdomen. • There is approximately one ganglion associated with each spinal cord segment, except in the cervical and the sacral regions. • The chains end into a common ‘ganglion impar’ in front of coccyx ...
... running across the necks of the ribs in the thorax and along the vertebral bodies in the abdomen. • There is approximately one ganglion associated with each spinal cord segment, except in the cervical and the sacral regions. • The chains end into a common ‘ganglion impar’ in front of coccyx ...
22. ANS.Neuroscience
... running across the necks of the ribs in the thorax and along the vertebral bodies in the abdomen. • There is approximately one ganglion associated with each spinal cord segment, except in the cervical and the sacral regions. • The chains end into a common ‘ganglion impar’ in front of coccyx ...
... running across the necks of the ribs in the thorax and along the vertebral bodies in the abdomen. • There is approximately one ganglion associated with each spinal cord segment, except in the cervical and the sacral regions. • The chains end into a common ‘ganglion impar’ in front of coccyx ...
energy balance
... The saturable transport system for leptin has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro and shows a diurnal rhythm . It is partially saturated in mice with normal ...
... The saturable transport system for leptin has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro and shows a diurnal rhythm . It is partially saturated in mice with normal ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
The Cochlear Nucleus - Neurobiology of Hearing
... AVCNa: anterior part of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus; AVCNp: posterior part of the AVCN; CN: central nucleus of the inferior colicullus; DAS: dorsal acoustic stria; DC: dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus; DCN: dorsal cochlear nucleus; DMPO: dorsomedial periolivary nucleus; DNLL: dorsal ...
... AVCNa: anterior part of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus; AVCNp: posterior part of the AVCN; CN: central nucleus of the inferior colicullus; DAS: dorsal acoustic stria; DC: dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus; DCN: dorsal cochlear nucleus; DMPO: dorsomedial periolivary nucleus; DNLL: dorsal ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
Cortical Connections
... of the tongue to the left with no atrophy and with no loss of taste sensation. This constellation of deficits most likely resulted from a lesion of the: 1. Left internal capsule 2. Right internal capsule 3. Left pontine tegmentum 4. Ventromedial medulla on the right side 5. Ventromedial medulla on t ...
... of the tongue to the left with no atrophy and with no loss of taste sensation. This constellation of deficits most likely resulted from a lesion of the: 1. Left internal capsule 2. Right internal capsule 3. Left pontine tegmentum 4. Ventromedial medulla on the right side 5. Ventromedial medulla on t ...
MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated
... structure.21 Although the field is growing in knowledge on the specifics of different serotypes, there is still a need to identify and characterize more new serotypes with different and more robust performance to expand the current choices of viral vectors with great potential for clinical indication. ...
... structure.21 Although the field is growing in knowledge on the specifics of different serotypes, there is still a need to identify and characterize more new serotypes with different and more robust performance to expand the current choices of viral vectors with great potential for clinical indication. ...
Internal structure of spinal cord
... especially. descending corticospinal fibers (their major target) – Tracts cells from Lamina IV, V, and VI are generally referred as nucleus proprius – Lamina 5 and 6 receives proprioceptive input AND sensory information relayed by lamina 4. These are the sites of origin of ascending projections to h ...
... especially. descending corticospinal fibers (their major target) – Tracts cells from Lamina IV, V, and VI are generally referred as nucleus proprius – Lamina 5 and 6 receives proprioceptive input AND sensory information relayed by lamina 4. These are the sites of origin of ascending projections to h ...
Neural correlates of consciousness: A definition of the dorsal and
... Summary The paper presents a hypothesis for a neural correlate of consciousness. A proposal is made that both the dorsal and ventral streams must be concurrently active to generate conscious awareness and that V1 (striate cortex) provides a serial link between them. An argument is presented against ...
... Summary The paper presents a hypothesis for a neural correlate of consciousness. A proposal is made that both the dorsal and ventral streams must be concurrently active to generate conscious awareness and that V1 (striate cortex) provides a serial link between them. An argument is presented against ...
Origins, migration and differentiation of glial cells in
... basic salts, 9.9% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 0.09% penicillin-streptomycin, 0.01% insulin; supplemented with Manduca hemolymph (Copenhaver and Taghert, 1990; after Chen and LeviMontalcini, 1969 and Seecof et al., 1971). The developing ENS could then be viewed using a compound microscope equi ...
... basic salts, 9.9% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 0.09% penicillin-streptomycin, 0.01% insulin; supplemented with Manduca hemolymph (Copenhaver and Taghert, 1990; after Chen and LeviMontalcini, 1969 and Seecof et al., 1971). The developing ENS could then be viewed using a compound microscope equi ...
Adaptation of Firing Rate and Spike
... Adaptation is commonly seen as a decrease in response to a constant stimulus and is thought to accentuate time-varying input while attenuating static background values. Adaptation is ubiquitous in the auditory system and specifically in the sound localization pathway. In psychophysics, adaptation ma ...
... Adaptation is commonly seen as a decrease in response to a constant stimulus and is thought to accentuate time-varying input while attenuating static background values. Adaptation is ubiquitous in the auditory system and specifically in the sound localization pathway. In psychophysics, adaptation ma ...
Muscarine Hyperpolarizes a Subpopulation of Neurons by Activating
... include a depolarization resulting from a reduction in a potassium conductance (Brown and Adams, 1980; Madison et al., 1987; Uchimura and North, 1990) and a hyperpolarization as a result of an increasein a potassiumconductance (Egan and North, 1986; McCormick and Prince, 1987; McCormick and Pape, 19 ...
... include a depolarization resulting from a reduction in a potassium conductance (Brown and Adams, 1980; Madison et al., 1987; Uchimura and North, 1990) and a hyperpolarization as a result of an increasein a potassiumconductance (Egan and North, 1986; McCormick and Prince, 1987; McCormick and Pape, 19 ...
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 3
... come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach if severed or damaged ...
... come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach if severed or damaged ...
2016 Research Grant Directory
... improve recovery of brain function after injury. We still know too little about how brain activity changes in response to the initial injury and how these changes cause lasting detrimental effects on mental function and behavior. Research has shown that large brain networks are affected by injury, e ...
... improve recovery of brain function after injury. We still know too little about how brain activity changes in response to the initial injury and how these changes cause lasting detrimental effects on mental function and behavior. Research has shown that large brain networks are affected by injury, e ...
Module 3 - Psychology 40S with Susan Lawrie, M.Ed.
... come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach if severed or damaged ...
... come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach if severed or damaged ...
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against brain
... Kaufmann et al., 1999). Many neurons in the penumbra die of apoptosis, while most neurons in the core die of necrosis. The neuronal injury in the ischemic penumbra is reversible and may be salvaged by early and effective treatments (Hossmann, 2006). Due to the different cell injury patterns in the c ...
... Kaufmann et al., 1999). Many neurons in the penumbra die of apoptosis, while most neurons in the core die of necrosis. The neuronal injury in the ischemic penumbra is reversible and may be salvaged by early and effective treatments (Hossmann, 2006). Due to the different cell injury patterns in the c ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.