The PLAT domain of LOV-1 interacts with ATP-2 to
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... 1985), birds (Kusunoki 1969; Medina and Reiner 1994) and mammals (Mesulam 1987), indicating that diverse vertebrate forms have similar cholinergic systems from the brainstem to higher order regions in the forebrain and back. As in mammals parts of the avian basal ganglia demonstrate characteristic c ...
... 1985), birds (Kusunoki 1969; Medina and Reiner 1994) and mammals (Mesulam 1987), indicating that diverse vertebrate forms have similar cholinergic systems from the brainstem to higher order regions in the forebrain and back. As in mammals parts of the avian basal ganglia demonstrate characteristic c ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... telencephalon. There are projections to limbic neocortical areas such as the prefrontal cortex medial to the genu of the corpus callosum (Swanson, 1981), and to the cortex just dorsal to the rhinal fissure (areas 20, 35, 36 and 41; Kosel el at., 1982). There are projections to the lateral part of th ...
... telencephalon. There are projections to limbic neocortical areas such as the prefrontal cortex medial to the genu of the corpus callosum (Swanson, 1981), and to the cortex just dorsal to the rhinal fissure (areas 20, 35, 36 and 41; Kosel el at., 1982). There are projections to the lateral part of th ...
Motor System II: Brainstem and spinal cord LMN in CNS lesions
... Fairly large, round nucleus close to midline of caudal pons. Fibers of internal genu of VII wrap around this nucleus. Axons from motor VI course ventrally in the tegmentum and exit at the junction of pons and medulla (inf pontine sulcus). Unilateral nerve VI lesion. Results in ipsilateral medial str ...
... Fairly large, round nucleus close to midline of caudal pons. Fibers of internal genu of VII wrap around this nucleus. Axons from motor VI course ventrally in the tegmentum and exit at the junction of pons and medulla (inf pontine sulcus). Unilateral nerve VI lesion. Results in ipsilateral medial str ...
Neurophysiology – Action Potential, Nerve Impulse, and Synapses
... the postsynaptic neuron's threshold may be reached, and a nerve impulse will be triggered. If most of the neurotransmitters released are inhibitory, no impulse will be initiated. C. Neurotransmitters Some of neurons release only one type of neurotransmitter, while others produce two or three differe ...
... the postsynaptic neuron's threshold may be reached, and a nerve impulse will be triggered. If most of the neurotransmitters released are inhibitory, no impulse will be initiated. C. Neurotransmitters Some of neurons release only one type of neurotransmitter, while others produce two or three differe ...
pdf file - Plymouth University
... initial value of the parameters and/or other parameters that affects learning. In the former case the network is entirely innate and there is no learning. In the latter networks change both philogenetically across a succession of generations and ontogenetically during the life of the individual, i.e ...
... initial value of the parameters and/or other parameters that affects learning. In the former case the network is entirely innate and there is no learning. In the latter networks change both philogenetically across a succession of generations and ontogenetically during the life of the individual, i.e ...
Single-Unit Analysis of the Spinal Dorsal Horn in Patients With
... neuronal discharge. It can be interpreted as a normalized standard deviation. This quantity can be applied to the “random” category only, because in this case mean and standard deviation do not vary in time. Other qualitative properties of the neuronal discharge were characterized by the results of ...
... neuronal discharge. It can be interpreted as a normalized standard deviation. This quantity can be applied to the “random” category only, because in this case mean and standard deviation do not vary in time. Other qualitative properties of the neuronal discharge were characterized by the results of ...
neurotransmitters
... The principle way neurons communicate is by generating and propagating ACTION POTENTIALS (Aps). Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
... The principle way neurons communicate is by generating and propagating ACTION POTENTIALS (Aps). Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced
... (Figures 24.4A and 24.4B), a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also blocks the synaptic potential at the neuromuscular junctions of the octopus arm.34 Hexamethonium also blocked both spontaneous and evoked spiking activity recorded from the large neuron axonal bundles (Figures 24.4B and 24.4D). As ...
... (Figures 24.4A and 24.4B), a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also blocks the synaptic potential at the neuromuscular junctions of the octopus arm.34 Hexamethonium also blocked both spontaneous and evoked spiking activity recorded from the large neuron axonal bundles (Figures 24.4B and 24.4D). As ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... observation of similar actions performed by the experimenter. Why were cells in a motor area of the brain responding to visual stimulation? One answer is the action recognition hypothesis. Mi ...
... observation of similar actions performed by the experimenter. Why were cells in a motor area of the brain responding to visual stimulation? One answer is the action recognition hypothesis. Mi ...
Motor systems Basal ganglia
... a static or resting tremor, which refers to the involuntary 4-5 Hz movements when the limb is held at rest but disappears during a voluntary movement. This contrasts sharply with the intention tremor of cerebellar signs. The loss of postural reflexes results in balance problems, which can manifest a ...
... a static or resting tremor, which refers to the involuntary 4-5 Hz movements when the limb is held at rest but disappears during a voluntary movement. This contrasts sharply with the intention tremor of cerebellar signs. The loss of postural reflexes results in balance problems, which can manifest a ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... motor nuclei also occupy distinct positions and receive synaptic input from distinct sources. It seems likely that the stereotyped and highly reproducible positioning of these cranial motor nuclei may be required for appropriate afferent inputs. This precise topography therefore underlies the emerge ...
... motor nuclei also occupy distinct positions and receive synaptic input from distinct sources. It seems likely that the stereotyped and highly reproducible positioning of these cranial motor nuclei may be required for appropriate afferent inputs. This precise topography therefore underlies the emerge ...
Arbib, 2008 - Semantic Scholar
... In putting parity at stage center in this account, we adhere to the view that the primary function of language is communication. Others have espoused the alternative view that language evolution could have obeyed an adaptive pressure for developing higher cognitive abilities and that verbal communic ...
... In putting parity at stage center in this account, we adhere to the view that the primary function of language is communication. Others have espoused the alternative view that language evolution could have obeyed an adaptive pressure for developing higher cognitive abilities and that verbal communic ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... the protein product of which (Arc, activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein) is thought to be critically involved in synaptic modifications subserving learning and memory (Steward et al., 1998; Guzowski et al., 2000; 2001; Steward and Worley, 2001). The expression of Arc mRNA is correlated ...
... the protein product of which (Arc, activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein) is thought to be critically involved in synaptic modifications subserving learning and memory (Steward et al., 1998; Guzowski et al., 2000; 2001; Steward and Worley, 2001). The expression of Arc mRNA is correlated ...
Sten Grillner
... understanding the same mechanisms—an excellent strategy for success in science. The laboratory at the Academy in Moscow was high profile, led by Israel M. Gelfand, a renowned mathematician who later received the Kyoto Prize. For example, in the evaluation of different reports in seminars or workshop ...
... understanding the same mechanisms—an excellent strategy for success in science. The laboratory at the Academy in Moscow was high profile, led by Israel M. Gelfand, a renowned mathematician who later received the Kyoto Prize. For example, in the evaluation of different reports in seminars or workshop ...
On the Prediction Methods Using Neural Networks
... processing units are usually densely interconnected forming diverse and possible very complicated models characterized by the network topology (the number of layers, number of neurons on each layer, the interconnections among the neurons, etc.), neuron characteristics and learning algorithm. [6] The ...
... processing units are usually densely interconnected forming diverse and possible very complicated models characterized by the network topology (the number of layers, number of neurons on each layer, the interconnections among the neurons, etc.), neuron characteristics and learning algorithm. [6] The ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... proteins. New research is needed to fully understand how migration of such morphologically complicated cells is coordinated over space and time. ...
... proteins. New research is needed to fully understand how migration of such morphologically complicated cells is coordinated over space and time. ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... requirements, the ER neural population needs to receive two inputs: a direct one, and its copy after being processed by other areas of the song system. The model is capable of reproducing the measured respiratory patterns and makes specific predictions on the timing of HVC activity during their prod ...
... requirements, the ER neural population needs to receive two inputs: a direct one, and its copy after being processed by other areas of the song system. The model is capable of reproducing the measured respiratory patterns and makes specific predictions on the timing of HVC activity during their prod ...
View CV as a PDF - Cedars
... My current research focus combines neuroscience and regenerative medicine in order to understand mechanisms of disease and neurological disorders such as ALS and traumatic brain injury with the goal of developing therapeutic treatments. ...
... My current research focus combines neuroscience and regenerative medicine in order to understand mechanisms of disease and neurological disorders such as ALS and traumatic brain injury with the goal of developing therapeutic treatments. ...
... The long term goal of this project is to identify factors that regulate secretion of neuropeptides generally, and to determine how these peptides regulate behavior. The motivation for this project is two-fold. First, insulin secretion, and its misregulation, plays a pivotal role in aging, diabetes, ...
Evolutionary Convergence in Nervous Systems: Insights from
... which, over time, have produced similar neural networks for performing similar computations. In the vertebrate brain, relatively few major new structures have appeared during more than 580 million years of evolution [Nishikawa, 1997]. Likewise, in invertebrates, identified neurons and the circuits t ...
... which, over time, have produced similar neural networks for performing similar computations. In the vertebrate brain, relatively few major new structures have appeared during more than 580 million years of evolution [Nishikawa, 1997]. Likewise, in invertebrates, identified neurons and the circuits t ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... At birth, pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus vary in size and dendritic tree arborization. Some cells present only short apical dendrites, while others present a more developed dendritic tree (Tyzio et al., 1999). The number of branch points in the apical dendrites of pyramidal n ...
... At birth, pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus vary in size and dendritic tree arborization. Some cells present only short apical dendrites, while others present a more developed dendritic tree (Tyzio et al., 1999). The number of branch points in the apical dendrites of pyramidal n ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.