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Supplementary Legends - Word file
Supplementary Legends - Word file

... vigorous movements of the embryo cortex during the attempts at cytokinesis. Sister-chromatid separation defect – regression of the furrow. Several gene knockouts lead to a defect in spindle midzone formation and sister chromatid separation. These mutant embryos specify and ingress a furrow but do n ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library

... mercial rat colonies, and found four distinct karyotype forms. Further analysis raised the number of distinct karyotype forms in rats to eight [15]. Karyotype forms of P. carinii f.sp. carinii have been shown to be stable for at least a year [8]. A particular karyotype form can occur in multiple col ...
Bacterial methionine biosynthesis
Bacterial methionine biosynthesis

... Methionine is essential in all organisms, as it is both a proteinogenic amino acid and a component of the cofactor, S-adenosyl methionine. The metabolic pathway for its biosynthesis has been extensively characterized in Escherichia coli; however, it is becoming apparent that most bacterial species d ...
PDF - Hormones.gr
PDF - Hormones.gr

... alterations in the glucocorticoid signal transduction are likely to result in impaired tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids, which may present with clinical manifestations of glucocorticoid resistance or glucocorticoid hypersensitivity (Table 1).10-14 One such allostatic condition is Primary Genera ...
Regulators of Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation in the
Regulators of Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation in the

Muscle pattern diversification in Drosophila: the story of
Muscle pattern diversification in Drosophila: the story of

... observation, discussed below in the section on abdominal myogenesis).(27,30) Taken together with more recent experiments these data suggest that during normal development, myoblasts are channelled into particular myogenic programmes and that these programmes are precisely controlled.(31) This commit ...
Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly
Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly

... amounts. These lectures will deal primarily with the metabolism of O triacylglycerols. Cholesterol metabolism and steroid metabolism ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY A profusion of upstream open reading
SURVEY AND SUMMARY A profusion of upstream open reading

... all examples have two adjacent proline residues near the C-terminus. In animals belonging to six phyla the uCC ends with another proline followed by a serine—a dipeptide sequence identical to the C-terminus of the ‘short’ uORF regulating the expression of AdoMetDC in plants. The presence of the two ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae Senses a Human-like Sialic Acid
Streptococcus pneumoniae Senses a Human-like Sialic Acid

... lized to N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) or N-glycolylmannosamine (ManNGc), respectively, and pyruvate (Hopkins et al., 2013; Vimr and Troy, 1985). Subsequently, pyruvate is catabolized to AcPh and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the SpxB pyruvate oxidase (Spellerberg et al., 1996; Figure 4C). Because AcPh ...
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS

GO annotation - Gene Ontology
GO annotation - Gene Ontology

... – gene name/id – GO term(s) – evidence for association ...
IGA 8/e Chapter 2
IGA 8/e Chapter 2

... develop a way for women to produce babies by virgin birth. Meiocytes are converted directly (without undergoing meiosis) into zygotes, which implant in the usual way. What would be the short- and long-term effects in such a society? Answer: In large part, this question is asking, why sex? Parthenoge ...
Nutrition to Support Recovery from Endurance Exercise: Optimal
Nutrition to Support Recovery from Endurance Exercise: Optimal

... exercises due to the proximity of specific intramuscular pools to the mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and/or or the contractile myofibrillar proteins, where instantaneous energy requirements are highest during muscle contraction (36). Bergström et al. (4) were the first to discover that fatig ...
CP1 Domain in Escherichia coli Leucyl
CP1 Domain in Escherichia coli Leucyl

... steps; amino acids larger than the cognate substrate are rejected by a “coarse sieve”, while the reaction products of amino acids smaller than the cognate substrate will go through a “fine sieve” and be hydrolyzed. This “double-sieve” mechanism has been proposed for IleRS, a class I aminoacyl-tRNA s ...
Biology - Kenyon College
Biology - Kenyon College

... FIG. 1. Metabolic pathways connecting pyruvate with fermentation acids in E. coli. ...
Genetic variation in the transforming growth susceptibility to IgA nephropathy
Genetic variation in the transforming growth susceptibility to IgA nephropathy

... filtration rate for body surface area in obese patients is misleading: concept and example. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 2024–2028 40. Anastasio P, Spitali L, Frangiosa A et al. Glomerular filtration rate in severely overweight normotensive humans. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; ...
Anterior eye development and ocular mesenchyme: new insights
Anterior eye development and ocular mesenchyme: new insights

... that originate from the surface epithelium or the neuroepithelium need to interact with mesenchymal cells, which predominantly originate from the neural crest. Failures of proper interaction result in a complex of developmental disorders such Peters’ anomaly, Axenfeld–Rieger’s syndrome or aniridia. ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... called a locus on a certain chromosome ...
11-4 Meiosis - Midland Park School District
11-4 Meiosis - Midland Park School District

... Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis In mitosis, when the two sets of genetic material separate, each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and then move to separate daughter cells. Mitosis does not normally change the chromosome number of the or ...
Carbon Flow of Heliobacteria Is Related More to Clostridia than to
Carbon Flow of Heliobacteria Is Related More to Clostridia than to

... same content except FAc (1.5 mM) was added before inoculation. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real Time PCR—The transcriptomic profiling data were generated using the approaches described elsewhere (16). The primer sequences for QRT-PCR are listed in supplemental Table S1. ...
1 - IPPC
1 - IPPC

... defined the original level of sensitivity, specificity and/or reproducibility achieved. The use of names of reagents, chemicals or equipment in these diagnostic protocols implies no approval of them to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Laboratory procedures presented in the protocol ...
Look on the positive side! The orientation, identi¢cation and
Look on the positive side! The orientation, identi¢cation and

Cormack et al, 1991 Cell
Cormack et al, 1991 Cell

Quantitative trait loci affecting amylose, amylopectin and starch
Quantitative trait loci affecting amylose, amylopectin and starch

... maize endosperm [21, 25]. Starch is separable into several components, all of them glucose polymers: amylose (AM) an essentially linear unit, amylopectin (AP) a branched molecule of very high molecular mass (5·106) and phytoglycogen a highly branched and soluble polymer. The AM:AP ratio is rather co ...
FIGURE 21–6 Part 1
FIGURE 21–6 Part 1

... stages: (1) synthesis of the 18-carbon amine sphinganine from palmitoyl-CoA and serine; (2) attachment of a fatty acid in amide linkage to yield N-acylsphinganine; (3) desaturation of the sphinganine moiety to form Nacylsphingosine (ceramide); and (4) attachment of a head group to produce a sphingol ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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