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Compound heterozygosity of novel missense
Compound heterozygosity of novel missense

... Mutations associated with hereditary combined VKD coagulation factor deficiency are rare. The carboxylase is encoded by a single gene,29 and only 3 naturally occurring missense mutations have previously been identified: Leu394Arg,10 which is impaired in both Glu binding and propeptide binding,30 Trp ...
Genetic linkage studies in the pseudoautosomal
Genetic linkage studies in the pseudoautosomal

... distance between two genes. If the segments were located very close to each other, they would almost never be separated by a crossover, hence Ө would approximate 0. If at the other extreme, the segments were situated very far apart from each other or at different chromosomes, could recombine random ...
Conditional expression of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Conditional expression of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mechanism of Action of Beta Adrenergic Agonists and Potential
Mechanism of Action of Beta Adrenergic Agonists and Potential

... 2000). Our preliminary data has shown no effect of zilpaterol on cell proliferation of cultured muscle satellite cells as indicated by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. These equivocal cell culture results coupled with the lack of significant increased DNA content in muscles from β-adrenergic agonist -t ...
From Gene Trees with HGT to Species Trees
From Gene Trees with HGT to Species Trees

Package `BitSeq`
Package `BitSeq`

... Maximum number of threads to be used. The program will not use more threads that there are MCMC chains. Advanced options: ...
392 final review game 2012
392 final review game 2012

... nucleus is called _____________ ...
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH

... electronegative substrate. A model structure for the Hex A α-subunit was proposed by Tews et al. [25] based on comparison with the X-ray diffraction measurements obtained on a crystallized enzyme-substrate complex of the related enzyme chitobiase. The model contains a central hydrophilic region refe ...
The Metabolism of Cellulose, Glucose and Starch by
The Metabolism of Cellulose, Glucose and Starch by

A Common Polygenic Basis for Quinine and
A Common Polygenic Basis for Quinine and

... Inbred strains of mice (Mus musculus) differ greatly in ability to taste various bitter compounds. For some compounds, the differences result from allelic variation at a single locus. However, segregation patterns incompatible with monogenic inheritance have been found for quinine avoidance. The Soa ...
Origin and Characterization of the `Lemon
Origin and Characterization of the `Lemon

Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in
Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in

... selection, confidence in the biological relevance of such differentiation can be increased by asking whether differentiation occurs in parallel across different geographic regions exhibiting similar ecological gradients (e.g., Jones et al. 2012). Therefore, for each differentiated CNV detected on on ...
Document
Document

... 10. A DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. These three parts may be: a. phosphate, adenine, and thymine b. phosphate, deoxyribose, and thymine * c. phosphate, glucose, and cytosine d. adenine, thymine, and cytosine ...
Mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial
Mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial

... major target of such damage; this would alleviate oxidative damage to macromolecules in other cellular locations [69, 70]. In addition, the esterification of unsaturated fatty acids into TAGs may delay yeast chronological aging by attenuating an age-related form of liponecrotic cell death known to be ...
Gro and Eve co-regulate early boundaries - Development
Gro and Eve co-regulate early boundaries - Development

... domains have significant mechanistic differences. Similar conclusions have been drawn from studies showing that some repressors can act in vivo over greater distances than others (reviewed by Gray et al., 1995). The eh1 motif is found in several classes of homeodomain proteins (Smith and Jaynes, 199 ...
Implementing array comparative genomic hybridization in male
Implementing array comparative genomic hybridization in male

... serious medical disorders. Infertility affects ten to fifteen percent of American couples, of which half is due to a male factor, that is, the couple’s inability to reproduce is caused by a health condition or defect in the male partner [1, 2]. Among infertile men, twenty percent have azoospermia or ...
Predicting DNA-binding sites of proteins from amino acid sequence
Predicting DNA-binding sites of proteins from amino acid sequence

... Background: Understanding the molecular details of protein-DNA interactions is critical for deciphering the mechanisms of gene regulation. We present a machine learning approach for the identification of amino acid residues involved in protein-DNA interactions. Results: We start with a Naïve Bayes c ...
Variation and Selection at the CAULIFLOWER Floral Homeotic
Variation and Selection at the CAULIFLOWER Floral Homeotic

... in these analyses: B. oleracea ssp. oleracea (wild cabbage), B. oleracea ssp. acephala (kale), B. oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower), and B. oleracea ssp. italica (broccoli). The wild relative B. incana was also utilized in this study. Seeds from these species/subspecies were obtained from the HRI ...
The Parasexual Cycle in Candida albicans Provides an
The Parasexual Cycle in Candida albicans Provides an

... clinical isolates are also consistent with C. albicans strains undergoing genetic exchange in their natural environment, albeit at a limited rate [13]. While an efficient mating apparatus has now been identified in C. albicans, the mating cycle differs in several important respects from that of S. cer ...
The Industrial Age of Biocatalytic Transamination
The Industrial Age of Biocatalytic Transamination

... zymes has been reported recently.[23] Glucose is converted into gluconic acid during recycling of the NADH cofactor. The change in the pH – due to the acidic coproduct – can be monitored with an appropriate pH-sensitive dye (e.g., phenol red). Even quantitative results can be read out from 96-well m ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

... in the blood; a third binds other proteins and catalyzes the cleavage of the bonds between their amino acids. Similarly, the special functions of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids can be understood as a direct manifestation of their chemical structure, with their characteristic monomeric su ...
Forche et al. 2008 PLoS Biology
Forche et al. 2008 PLoS Biology

... clinical isolates are also consistent with C. albicans strains undergoing genetic exchange in their natural environment, albeit at a limited rate [13]. While an efficient mating apparatus has now been identified in C. albicans, the mating cycle differs in several important respects from that of S. cer ...
Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Properties of Dual
Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Properties of Dual

... An urgent demand for the development of new antibiotics has been created by the increase in clinical cases involving drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. A novel target for antibacterial development is acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in fatty a ...
Direct and indirect consequences of meiotic recombination
Direct and indirect consequences of meiotic recombination

... has also been discussed [20]. We refer to these processes as the direct effects of recombination (further details are presented in Box 1 and Figure 1). Although one of the advantages of the indirect effects of recombination is the efficient removal of deleterious alleles from a population, its direc ...
Cell Death and Unbalanced Growth` in Neurospora
Cell Death and Unbalanced Growth` in Neurospora

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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