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Exam #3 (final)
Exam #3 (final)

... 35. Genotypic and phenotypic designations in prokaryotes 36. Mechanisms of gene exchange in prokaryotes 37. Role of plasmids in gene exchange 38. Mating types in bacteria 39. Properties of transformation 40. Bacteria with 2 or more copies of one or more genes 41. Structure and activity of virus part ...
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...  Size and weight determine how far a DNA segments ...
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... d. cloning 19. How do police use DNA fingerprinting to help solve crimes? a. by proving that a suspect's blood type matches evidence in a crime b. by showing that a suspect's fingerprints are at a crime scene c. by comparing a suspect's DNA patterns with evidence from a crime scene d. by matching ph ...
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... Single, uncoiled chain Carries genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm ...
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... Posttranslational modifications: certain amino acid are modified by attachment of sugars, lipids, phosphate groups. Two or more polypeptides may join to become the subunits of a protein. ...
Gene7-04
Gene7-04

... Concerted evolution describes the ability of two related genes to evolve together as though constituting a single locus. Crossover fixation refers to a possible consequence of unequal crossing-over that allows a mutation in one member of a tandem cluster to spread through the whole cluster (or to be ...
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... [MBD3L1 (methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 1)] to enrich for doublestranded methylated DNA that might have as few as two methyl groups. It should be noted that both of these techniques have been commercialized as kits, which might be useful to the novice user. In the Introduction, it is sugge ...
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... 1. Enzymes cut DNA samples 2. The cut DNA samples are placed in a gel 3. An electric voltage moves the DNA fragments across the gel 4. The smaller pieces of DNA travel the fastest 5. A trail is left for each sample. 6. The trail can be matched to determine if someone is guilty of a crime. Gel Electr ...
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... 3 The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred? A The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected. B The identity of one amino acid would change. C The amino acid sequence would remain un ...
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... III. Transcription Using the DNA molecule that you've just created, do the following: Build an mRNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands -- the so called template strand. That is, show your instructor what would happen if the DNA was being transcribed. ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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