THESIS D - Krishikosh
... constant inspiration of my wife Dr. Sanjivani and my lovely son Arjun who makes my life happy and memorable and for rendering help during the course of study and making it possible for me to complete what I started. During my study in this esteemed institute I was fortunate to receive the kind of co ...
... constant inspiration of my wife Dr. Sanjivani and my lovely son Arjun who makes my life happy and memorable and for rendering help during the course of study and making it possible for me to complete what I started. During my study in this esteemed institute I was fortunate to receive the kind of co ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
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... 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting pote ...
... 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting pote ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... frequency, 330 Hz; current intensity, 3–40 lA). The current strength was controlled on an oscilloscope by measuring the voltage drop across a 10-kW resistor in series with the stimulating electrode. A recording chamber was stereotaxically implanted, in a position such as to record from a cortical re ...
... frequency, 330 Hz; current intensity, 3–40 lA). The current strength was controlled on an oscilloscope by measuring the voltage drop across a 10-kW resistor in series with the stimulating electrode. A recording chamber was stereotaxically implanted, in a position such as to record from a cortical re ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... join the internal capsule. Fibers then fan out and traverse the caudate nucleus before reaching auditory cortex, where they turn posteriorly and course in deep layers before branching off to terminate primarily in layer IV. Auditory-responsive cortex includes primary cortex (area 41 of Krieg 1947 or ...
... join the internal capsule. Fibers then fan out and traverse the caudate nucleus before reaching auditory cortex, where they turn posteriorly and course in deep layers before branching off to terminate primarily in layer IV. Auditory-responsive cortex includes primary cortex (area 41 of Krieg 1947 or ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic strength. Intracortical circuitry is complex, and it is r ...
... are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic strength. Intracortical circuitry is complex, and it is r ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
Morphology, Deep cerebellar nuclei, C. gambianus
... With functional magnetic resonance imaging, the fastigial nucleus (FN) and globose / emboliform are seen to be thin and located close to the gray matter of lobules VIII and IX of the cerebellar cranial lobe [11]. The globose and emboliform nuclei in mammals are collectively referred to as nucleus in ...
... With functional magnetic resonance imaging, the fastigial nucleus (FN) and globose / emboliform are seen to be thin and located close to the gray matter of lobules VIII and IX of the cerebellar cranial lobe [11]. The globose and emboliform nuclei in mammals are collectively referred to as nucleus in ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 3. Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence, artistic and creative ability, and learning. ...
... 3. Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence, artistic and creative ability, and learning. ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 3. Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence, artistic and creative ability, and learning. ...
... 3. Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence, artistic and creative ability, and learning. ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... cortices, the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the basal ganglia (GPi and SNr). We used the same approach to map projection neurons in the VA after injection of fluorescent dyes or HRP-WGA in prefrontal cortices. We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope, or under brightfield illuminati ...
... cortices, the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the basal ganglia (GPi and SNr). We used the same approach to map projection neurons in the VA after injection of fluorescent dyes or HRP-WGA in prefrontal cortices. We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope, or under brightfield illuminati ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... feedback and comparison with the internal representation of the target. Open loop vergence in the viewing eye is inhibited. During visual accommodation top± down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
... feedback and comparison with the internal representation of the target. Open loop vergence in the viewing eye is inhibited. During visual accommodation top± down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... posterior inferior prefrontal and ventral premotor cortex with anterior inferior parietal cortex. Functionally, SLF has been linked with motor planning and visuospatial processing in humans and monkeys (Petrides and Pandya, 2002; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and is thus one likely locus of ev ...
... posterior inferior prefrontal and ventral premotor cortex with anterior inferior parietal cortex. Functionally, SLF has been linked with motor planning and visuospatial processing in humans and monkeys (Petrides and Pandya, 2002; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and is thus one likely locus of ev ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... centering principle with uncanny accuracy. Thus, this principle seems to have a powerful hold on the preferred perceptual organization of individual representation. This is not to say, of course, that there are not exceptions and outliers. An artist is free to use a perceptual principle in either a ...
... centering principle with uncanny accuracy. Thus, this principle seems to have a powerful hold on the preferred perceptual organization of individual representation. This is not to say, of course, that there are not exceptions and outliers. An artist is free to use a perceptual principle in either a ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... AbCam antibody stained sections, and we recommend this antibody for other groups that are interested in staining human brain tissue for PDE5. The Atlas antibody shows a broadly similar pattern, whereas the Santa Cruz antibody is more variable. In cortex and hippocampus, the neurons that express PDE5 ...
... AbCam antibody stained sections, and we recommend this antibody for other groups that are interested in staining human brain tissue for PDE5. The Atlas antibody shows a broadly similar pattern, whereas the Santa Cruz antibody is more variable. In cortex and hippocampus, the neurons that express PDE5 ...
Mediation and the Brain: The Neuropsychology of
... An automatic set of unconscious processes simultaneously: Judges whether they are bad or good and generates options ...
... An automatic set of unconscious processes simultaneously: Judges whether they are bad or good and generates options ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.