Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... of different pedestal contrasts within the scan, distracting scanner noise, and some general discomfort while lying in the scanner may all have contributed to this small difference. Stimulus and task. The stimulus was a contrast-reversing (4 Hz), sinusoidal grating (1.1 cycles/degree), presented for ...
... of different pedestal contrasts within the scan, distracting scanner noise, and some general discomfort while lying in the scanner may all have contributed to this small difference. Stimulus and task. The stimulus was a contrast-reversing (4 Hz), sinusoidal grating (1.1 cycles/degree), presented for ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... homogenate was centrifuged twice at 1300g for 3 mins in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge at 41C to remove cellular debris and nuclei. The pellet was discarded and the supernatant further centrifuged at 13,000g for 10 mins. The crude mitochondrial pellet obtained after differential centrifugation was the ...
... homogenate was centrifuged twice at 1300g for 3 mins in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge at 41C to remove cellular debris and nuclei. The pellet was discarded and the supernatant further centrifuged at 13,000g for 10 mins. The crude mitochondrial pellet obtained after differential centrifugation was the ...
Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... in the level of freezing during CS presentations are used to infer alterations in the acquisition or expression of CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and Bouton (2006) observed that the point in conditioning trai ...
... in the level of freezing during CS presentations are used to infer alterations in the acquisition or expression of CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and Bouton (2006) observed that the point in conditioning trai ...
Mental rotation and object categorization share a common network
... verification theories predicts that parietal regions that are critical for mental rotation contribute to visual object cognition. Some neuroimaging studies have shown that the intraparietal sulcus region is critically involved in mental rotation. Other studies indicate that both ventral and dorsal p ...
... verification theories predicts that parietal regions that are critical for mental rotation contribute to visual object cognition. Some neuroimaging studies have shown that the intraparietal sulcus region is critically involved in mental rotation. Other studies indicate that both ventral and dorsal p ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar networks (Hart et al., 2012, Hart et al., 2013, Rubia et al., 2014a). Furthermore, they have deficits in timing functions (Noreika et al., 2013) and in “hot” EF, referring to EF involving motivation ...
... 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar networks (Hart et al., 2012, Hart et al., 2013, Rubia et al., 2014a). Furthermore, they have deficits in timing functions (Noreika et al., 2013) and in “hot” EF, referring to EF involving motivation ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
striatum
... Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. The ventral striatum is activated in reward situations. Reward= smoking, alcohol, drugs, sex, economic reward ...
... Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. The ventral striatum is activated in reward situations. Reward= smoking, alcohol, drugs, sex, economic reward ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... in adults, but their exact spatial extent and strength of coherence are affected by physiologic parameters and drugs. Though the acquisition and analysis methods are still evolving, new disease insights are emerging in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The default mode network is af ...
... in adults, but their exact spatial extent and strength of coherence are affected by physiologic parameters and drugs. Though the acquisition and analysis methods are still evolving, new disease insights are emerging in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The default mode network is af ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... executing the same movements, indicating the existence of an action observation/execution matching system that could be responsible for the capacity of individuals to recognize actions made by others. In addition to area F5, mirror neurons were described in area 7b/PF of the inferior parietal lobule ...
... executing the same movements, indicating the existence of an action observation/execution matching system that could be responsible for the capacity of individuals to recognize actions made by others. In addition to area F5, mirror neurons were described in area 7b/PF of the inferior parietal lobule ...
PPT
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... determine the physiological interactions between the two during working memory performance. The activity of 105 cortical neurons during the performance of an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task (43 parietal neurons during prefrontal cooling, 62 prefrontal neurons during parietal cooling) was comp ...
... determine the physiological interactions between the two during working memory performance. The activity of 105 cortical neurons during the performance of an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task (43 parietal neurons during prefrontal cooling, 62 prefrontal neurons during parietal cooling) was comp ...
Full version (PDF file)
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... parallel those of the reticular formation, extending dorsally into the thalamus and ventrally into the hypothalamus and basal forebrain (12, 20-23). Electrical stimulation of the LDTg-PPTg elicits cortical activation, while exciting thalamic neurons (24). Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been ...
... parallel those of the reticular formation, extending dorsally into the thalamus and ventrally into the hypothalamus and basal forebrain (12, 20-23). Electrical stimulation of the LDTg-PPTg elicits cortical activation, while exciting thalamic neurons (24). Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... DBS is considered as a treatment option for medically refractive dystonias.1-‐7 DBS involves neurosurgical placement of electrodes in the Globus pallidus internus(GPi) of the basal ganglia, an ...
... DBS is considered as a treatment option for medically refractive dystonias.1-‐7 DBS involves neurosurgical placement of electrodes in the Globus pallidus internus(GPi) of the basal ganglia, an ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... thalamus and telencephalon must pass through the ventral thalamus, the major derivative of which is the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). The TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain, sending inhibitory axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents. ...
... thalamus and telencephalon must pass through the ventral thalamus, the major derivative of which is the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). The TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain, sending inhibitory axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents. ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.