FahadH. Ahmad (Contact: +92 323 509 4443)
... The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons. This means that they have similar chemical properties to each other and they have trends in physical properties. For example, as the chain length increases, their boiling point increases. The straight chain alkanes share the same general formula: ...
... The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons. This means that they have similar chemical properties to each other and they have trends in physical properties. For example, as the chain length increases, their boiling point increases. The straight chain alkanes share the same general formula: ...
Stereochemistry of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
... Cyclobutane has less angle strain than cyclopropane but more torsional strain because of its larger number of ring hydrogens, and their proximity to each other Cyclobutane is slightly bent out of plane - one carbon atom is about 25° above The bend increases angle strain but decreases torsional str ...
... Cyclobutane has less angle strain than cyclopropane but more torsional strain because of its larger number of ring hydrogens, and their proximity to each other Cyclobutane is slightly bent out of plane - one carbon atom is about 25° above The bend increases angle strain but decreases torsional str ...
LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 3-1 through 3-18
... bases as defined by the Bronsted-Lowry theory. The nitrogen of the amine can accept a proton to form a substituted ammonium ion. CH3 –CH2 –NH2 + H+ ---> CH3 –CH2 –NH3 + Amines will thus react with inorganic acids to form salts. (Amines react with organic acids to form amides, a class of organic comp ...
... bases as defined by the Bronsted-Lowry theory. The nitrogen of the amine can accept a proton to form a substituted ammonium ion. CH3 –CH2 –NH2 + H+ ---> CH3 –CH2 –NH3 + Amines will thus react with inorganic acids to form salts. (Amines react with organic acids to form amides, a class of organic comp ...
Biology II Honors Chapter 4 Carbon and Molecular Diversity Guided
... The Formation of Bonds with Carbon • With __________ valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms • This ability makes large, complex molecules possible • In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms has a ___________ shape • However, ...
... The Formation of Bonds with Carbon • With __________ valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms • This ability makes large, complex molecules possible • In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms has a ___________ shape • However, ...
blank lecture 11
... • Change ending of the root hydrocarbon name by dropping –e and adding –al. • All other branches and groups are named and located using standard IUPAC system. • Examples: ...
... • Change ending of the root hydrocarbon name by dropping –e and adding –al. • All other branches and groups are named and located using standard IUPAC system. • Examples: ...
Organic Chemistry
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
Test1-W09-C12-13
... B) a condensed structural formula C) an expanded structural formula D) a skeletal structural formula ...
... B) a condensed structural formula C) an expanded structural formula D) a skeletal structural formula ...
ch15
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
Chapter15
... Naming: Each chain, branch or ring has a name based on the number of carbons Prefix + root + suffix Root: # of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule (Table 15.1) Suffix: type of organic compound (identifies key functional group) -ane for alkanes Prefix: groups attached to th ...
... Naming: Each chain, branch or ring has a name based on the number of carbons Prefix + root + suffix Root: # of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule (Table 15.1) Suffix: type of organic compound (identifies key functional group) -ane for alkanes Prefix: groups attached to th ...
Root Names for Hydrocarbons
... parent name in alphabetical order. Substituent (or side group) names are based on the total # of carbon atoms in the group and the position of attachment (i.e., n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). The n-, sec-, tert-, are used to indicate the whether the position of attachment is normal (meaning primar ...
... parent name in alphabetical order. Substituent (or side group) names are based on the total # of carbon atoms in the group and the position of attachment (i.e., n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). The n-, sec-, tert-, are used to indicate the whether the position of attachment is normal (meaning primar ...
Chp 4 Carbon and Molecular Diversity
... skeletons. In fact, these molecules can be viewed as hydrocarbon derivatives with functional groups in place of H, bonded to carbon at various sites along the molecule. 1. The hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group = A functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn ...
... skeletons. In fact, these molecules can be viewed as hydrocarbon derivatives with functional groups in place of H, bonded to carbon at various sites along the molecule. 1. The hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group = A functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn ...
CHAPTER 11 BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE:
... these compounds. • Aromatics like benzene have sp2 hybridization with delocalized pi electrons. The delocalized p bonding is the key to these compounds. • They do not undergo addition reactions like alkenes and alkynes, but rather react by way of substitution. ...
... these compounds. • Aromatics like benzene have sp2 hybridization with delocalized pi electrons. The delocalized p bonding is the key to these compounds. • They do not undergo addition reactions like alkenes and alkynes, but rather react by way of substitution. ...
Chapter 16 Alkanes and alkenes
... alkenes alkenes a group of hydrocarbons with the general formula, CnH2n where n is the number of carbon atoms in one molecule contain the C=C functional group (unsaturated hydrocarbons) names of alkenes end with -ene are molecular compounds have low boiling points; gases under room conditi ...
... alkenes alkenes a group of hydrocarbons with the general formula, CnH2n where n is the number of carbon atoms in one molecule contain the C=C functional group (unsaturated hydrocarbons) names of alkenes end with -ene are molecular compounds have low boiling points; gases under room conditi ...
Organic Chemistry
... Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO3-) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen, a halogen or nitrogen Carbon joins other in chains or rings and can have branches coming off of these chains or rings One molecular formula can rep ...
... Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO3-) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen, a halogen or nitrogen Carbon joins other in chains or rings and can have branches coming off of these chains or rings One molecular formula can rep ...
Chapter 13 – Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thioethers
... CH3CH2O- + CH3CH2Cl → CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + Clwhere the Na+ ion is a spectator ion (see p. 214 of textbook). For ethers with different R groups bound to oxygen, all one has to do is use an alcohol with one organic group and organic chloride with a different group. Again, when the generation of an ether l ...
... CH3CH2O- + CH3CH2Cl → CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + Clwhere the Na+ ion is a spectator ion (see p. 214 of textbook). For ethers with different R groups bound to oxygen, all one has to do is use an alcohol with one organic group and organic chloride with a different group. Again, when the generation of an ether l ...
OCR: Chemistry – Unit 2 – Chains, Energy and
... (a) explain, in terms of hydrogen bonding, the water solubility and the relatively low volatility of alcohols; Due to alcohols having –OH groups attached to them, they have the ability to form hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the van der Waals’ forces that other alkanes/alkenes etc may have. ...
... (a) explain, in terms of hydrogen bonding, the water solubility and the relatively low volatility of alcohols; Due to alcohols having –OH groups attached to them, they have the ability to form hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the van der Waals’ forces that other alkanes/alkenes etc may have. ...
organic compound
... – The carbon atoms in any alkane with more than three carbon atoms can have more than one possible arrangement. – Carbon atom chains may have many branches, and they can even form rings. • Alkane chemical formulas usually follow a pattern. – The number of hydrogen atoms is always two more than twice ...
... – The carbon atoms in any alkane with more than three carbon atoms can have more than one possible arrangement. – Carbon atom chains may have many branches, and they can even form rings. • Alkane chemical formulas usually follow a pattern. – The number of hydrogen atoms is always two more than twice ...
Carbon - HCC Learning Web
... The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements. The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living molecules. ...
... The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements. The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living molecules. ...
Organic Nomenclature
... carbonyl group. Aldehyde carbon assigned number 1, when subtituent positions are listed in the name. Bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Number indicates position of carbonyl group. -CHO group attached to a ring, suffix ...
... carbonyl group. Aldehyde carbon assigned number 1, when subtituent positions are listed in the name. Bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Number indicates position of carbonyl group. -CHO group attached to a ring, suffix ...
Organic Compounds: Alkanes
... ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ALKANES Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon; the molecule is approximately spherical, as is shown in the space-filling model: In the ammonia molecule, for example, the nitrogen atom normally has three unpaired p electrons, but by mixing the 2s and 3p orbitals, we can create four sp ...
... ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ALKANES Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon; the molecule is approximately spherical, as is shown in the space-filling model: In the ammonia molecule, for example, the nitrogen atom normally has three unpaired p electrons, but by mixing the 2s and 3p orbitals, we can create four sp ...
File - mrs. whalen`s classes!
... a. Primary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to only one other C b. Secondary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 2 other C’s c. Tertiary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 3 other C’s Naming: 1. Find the longest chain containing the C the –OH is bonded to. 2. Replace the “e” at the end of the pa ...
... a. Primary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to only one other C b. Secondary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 2 other C’s c. Tertiary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 3 other C’s Naming: 1. Find the longest chain containing the C the –OH is bonded to. 2. Replace the “e” at the end of the pa ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.