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Issue no. 70 - October
Issue no. 70 - October

... with the highest incidence values was Bengkuli (4.7 per 1000 villages). The number of newly infected villages found during June by island was: 17 in Sumatra, 17 in Java, 2 in Kalimantan and 3 in Sulawesi. During August 2010, PDSR conducted surveillance in 1,488 villages (2.1%). The overall HPAI inci ...
Announcements_files/Keeling and Rohani Chapter 2
Announcements_files/Keeling and Rohani Chapter 2

... 1979; Earn et al. 1998, Shea 1998, Bascompte & Rodriguez-Trelles 1998). While in ecology the precise abundance of a species is often of great interest, establishing or predicting the exact number of, for example, virus particles in a population (or even within an individual) is both daunting and inf ...
Poster
Poster

... the trans-Golgi network to the lysosome. Four out of CI-MPR’s 15 domains are able to bind M6P or M6P conjugated to Nacetylglucosamine. CI-MPR is also present at the cell surface, and this localization can be exploited to deliver exogenous M6P-tagged biomolecules (i.e., α-galactosidase A) to the lyso ...
Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses
Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses

... Despite long-standing interest in global biodiversity (May 1988), only recently has the diversity of human pathogens been catalogued ( Taylor et al. 2001). Approximately 1400 pathogen species are currently recognized ( Woolhouse & Gaunt 2007). Fewer than 200 of these are viruses, but novel virus spe ...
The Ebola Virus
The Ebola Virus

... carboxyl groups at NP terminals AWESOME FACT! The rNP of the Reston EBOV could only detect Reston NP… but the Zaire rNP could detect NP from all 5 species! ...
The Four Levels of Periodontal Disease
The Four Levels of Periodontal Disease

... Periodontal Disease is a continuing infection in the gums and bone around your teeth. If left untreated, this infection can cause tooth loss and many other problems. Periodontal infections tend to occur in “bursts of destruction”. If you have been diagnosed with periodontal disease, you might have e ...
Epilepsy in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses
Epilepsy in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses

... Traditionally, NCL diseases were classified according to the age at clinical onset (congenital, infantile, late infantile, juvenile, adult), sometimes also according to the respective authors (Haltia-Santavuori, JanskyBielschowsky, Batten, Spielmeyer-Vogt, Kufs) or according to ethnic groups with pr ...
Rare Diseases in India: Current Knowledge and New Possibilities
Rare Diseases in India: Current Knowledge and New Possibilities

... pure pursuit of the unknown, most scientists do find greater fulfilment, when through their knowledge they can reach out and touch lives of fellow humans for the better. In that spirit, Indian National Science Academy, through its Science and Society programme, sponsored a two-day workshop entitled ...
Periodic Health Examinations in Primary Care
Periodic Health Examinations in Primary Care

... • An effective treatment for the disease must exist for screening to improve patient outcomes. • Detection of disease alone is not cost-effective. This may seem a trite criterion for screening, but it is important because many common diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer ...
Influenza virus infectious A/Shangdong/9/93
Influenza virus infectious A/Shangdong/9/93

... Influenza Reagent Influenza virus infectious A/Shangdong/9/93 NIBSC code: 93/686 Instructions for use (Version 1.0, Dated 17/09/2008) ...
EBOLA FACTS Powerpoint Presentation
EBOLA FACTS Powerpoint Presentation

... strains is possible. Acute complications include: generalized weakness, weight loss, headache, sensory distortion, migratory arthralgias, skin sloughing, alopecia, and persistent anemia. Uveitis and orchitis can occur weeks after illness, and virus can persist in aqueous humor and semen. No experime ...
Hepatitis E Virus Update December 2014
Hepatitis E Virus Update December 2014

... Large outbreaks, often waterborne, occur mostly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. The largest reported outbreak had over 100,000 individuals infected in the Xinjiang region of China between 1986 and 1988. In developed countries acute HEV infections generally occur in travelers retur ...


... For more information regarding who should receive influenza vaccination, please refer to the 10th edition of The Australian Immunisation Handbook14 and the ATAGI statement regarding the administration of 2014 seasonal influenza vaccines (see Further information (b) and (c)). Babies and children Chil ...
Lung Health in Europe: Facts and Figures
Lung Health in Europe: Facts and Figures

... provides an accessible and reliable summary of the state of lung health in Europe. At a first glance, the problems appear insurmountable. Respiratory disease causes about 1 million deaths annually in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, of which two-thirds occur in the 28 countries of ...
Crohn`s Disease - Gastroenterology Consultants of San Antonio
Crohn`s Disease - Gastroenterology Consultants of San Antonio

... Antidiarrheal drugs can also help relieve diarrhea. Severe ileitis may require close monitoring, bowel rest (avoiding solid food), enteral feeding (feeding by a nasogastric tube) or total parenteral feeding (intravenous feeding), and surgery. Remission can be maintained with 5-aminosalicylate drugs ...
Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Cutaneous Signs of Malignancy
Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Cutaneous Signs of Malignancy

... Skin Disease and Internal Cancer • Extramammary Paget’s Disease – Neoplasm of the anogenital and axillary skin. – Histologically and clinically similar to Paget’s dz of the breast. Often represents an intraepidermal extension of primary adenocarcinoma of underlying adnexal (apocrine) carcinoma or u ...
Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease
Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease

... P.J. Quinn, MVB, PhD, MRCVS, was Professor of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology and Head of the Department in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, from 1985 to 2002. After graduating from University College Dublin in 1965, he spent some time in veterinary practice be ...
In this session we will talk about
In this session we will talk about

... one of two barns, each with 20 calves. One barn has had 15 calves with umbilical abscesses. The other barn has had 2 cases this year. The farm has a policy of calving cows down in clean calving paddocks and then ensuring all calves get colostrum. Question 3: Describe how you might investigate this s ...
Biosafety Levels - Advanced BioFuels USA
Biosafety Levels - Advanced BioFuels USA

... BSL‐1 is suitable for work involving well‐characterized agents not known to consistently cause  disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to  laboratory personnel and the environment. All bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral, rickettsial, and  chlamydial agents whi ...
Anderson-Fabry disease - Abdel Hamid Derm Atlas
Anderson-Fabry disease - Abdel Hamid Derm Atlas

... in children or adolescents with dry skin and it is translated into intolerance to heat and exercise, and sometimes into fever without apparent cause . It is suggested that hypohidrosis or anhidrosis is secondary to selective damage of autonomic nerves, deposits of GL-3 on sweat glands and/or ischemi ...
A Philological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Analysis of the Plague
A Philological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Analysis of the Plague

... As this lengthy list indicates, the problems of identifying the Athenian plague continue to multiply until the “answers” have become a quantitatively overwhelming. Philologists argue about how to translate Thucydides, while scientists and physicians argue about which disease best fits Thucydides’ cl ...
Parasitology Lecture: 1 Dr. Azhar 4 - 10
Parasitology Lecture: 1 Dr. Azhar 4 - 10

...  A major drawback in the fight against parasitic diseases is the inability to prevent them by immunization. No effective vaccine is currently available against any parasitic disease. However, host immunity is decisive in many parasitic infections.  Increased susceptibility to many parasitic infect ...
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

... • Enterococci are a therapeutic challenge because of their intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. Recent reports of enterococci with high-level resistance to multiple antibiotics have highlighted the rapidly decreasing therapeutic options for these organisms. As we enter an era of decreased antib ...
History and aims of immunisation
History and aims of immunisation

... Infected humans 10,000 years ago Known in China 11th century BC Inoculation described 6th century BC 1796 vaccinia virus isolated ...
Family Group
Family Group

... Daily BP monitoring at health center Continue current medications Referral to dietary for counseling Wellness Ensure 2 glasses/day and low salt and low fat diet Immunizations: tetanus, influenza and pneumococcal Psychosocial Encourage family support and daily hygienge ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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